/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*
* bufmgr . h
* POSTGRES buffer manager definitions .
*
*
* Portions Copyright ( c ) 1996 - 2025 , PostgreSQL Global Development Group
* Portions Copyright ( c ) 1994 , Regents of the University of California
*
* src / include / storage / bufmgr . h
*
* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
*/
#ifndef BUFMGR_H
#define BUFMGR_H
#include "port/pg_iovec.h"
#include "storage/aio_types.h"
#include "storage/block.h"
#include "storage/buf.h"
#include "storage/bufpage.h"
#include "storage/relfilelocator.h"
#include "utils/relcache.h"
#include "utils/snapmgr.h"
typedef void *Block;
/*
* Possible arguments for GetAccessStrategy ( ) .
*
* If adding a new BufferAccessStrategyType , also add a new IOContext so
* IO statistics using this strategy are tracked .
*/
typedef enum BufferAccessStrategyType
{
BAS_NORMAL, /* Normal random access */
BAS_BULKREAD, /* Large read-only scan (hint bit updates are
* ok) */
BAS_BULKWRITE, /* Large multi-block write (e.g. COPY IN) */
BAS_VACUUM, /* VACUUM */
} BufferAccessStrategyType;
/* Possible modes for ReadBufferExtended() */
typedef enum
{
RBM_NORMAL, /* Normal read */
RBM_ZERO_AND_LOCK, /* Don't read from disk, caller will
* initialize. Also locks the page. */
RBM_ZERO_AND_CLEANUP_LOCK, /* Like RBM_ZERO_AND_LOCK, but locks the page
* in "cleanup" mode */
RBM_ZERO_ON_ERROR, /* Read, but return an all-zeros page on error */
RBM_NORMAL_NO_LOG, /* Don't log page as invalid during WAL
* replay; otherwise same as RBM_NORMAL */
} ReadBufferMode;
/*
* Type returned by PrefetchBuffer ( ) .
*/
typedef struct PrefetchBufferResult
{
Buffer recent_buffer; /* If valid, a hit (recheck needed!) */
bool initiated_io; /* If true, a miss resulting in async I/O */
} PrefetchBufferResult;
/*
* Flags influencing the behaviour of ExtendBufferedRel *
*/
typedef enum ExtendBufferedFlags
{
/*
* Don ' t acquire extension lock . This is safe only if the relation isn ' t
* shared , an access exclusive lock is held or if this is the startup
* process .
*/
EB_SKIP_EXTENSION_LOCK = (1 << 0 ),
/* Is this extension part of recovery? */
EB_PERFORMING_RECOVERY = (1 << 1 ),
/*
* Should the fork be created if it does not currently exist ? This likely
* only ever makes sense for relation forks .
*/
EB_CREATE_FORK_IF_NEEDED = (1 << 2 ),
/* Should the first (possibly only) return buffer be returned locked? */
EB_LOCK_FIRST = (1 << 3 ),
/* Should the smgr size cache be cleared? */
EB_CLEAR_SIZE_CACHE = (1 << 4 ),
/* internal flags follow */
EB_LOCK_TARGET = (1 << 5 ),
} ExtendBufferedFlags;
/*
* Some functions identify relations either by relation or smgr +
* relpersistence . Used via the BMR_REL ( ) / BMR_SMGR ( ) macros below . This
* allows us to use the same function for both recovery and normal operation .
*/
typedef struct BufferManagerRelation
{
Relation rel;
struct SMgrRelationData *smgr;
char relpersistence;
} BufferManagerRelation;
#define BMR_REL(p_rel) ((BufferManagerRelation){.rel = p_rel})
#define BMR_SMGR(p_smgr, p_relpersistence) ((BufferManagerRelation){.smgr = p_smgr, .relpersistence = p_relpersistence})
/* Zero out page if reading fails. */
#define READ_BUFFERS_ZERO_ON_ERROR (1 << 0 )
/* Call smgrprefetch() if I/O necessary. */
#define READ_BUFFERS_ISSUE_ADVICE (1 << 1 )
/* Don't treat page as invalid due to checksum failures. */
#define READ_BUFFERS_IGNORE_CHECKSUM_FAILURES (1 << 2 )
/* IO will immediately be waited for */
#define READ_BUFFERS_SYNCHRONOUSLY (1 << 3 )
struct ReadBuffersOperation
{
/* The following members should be set by the caller. */
Relation rel; /* optional */
struct SMgrRelationData *smgr;
char persistence;
ForkNumber forknum;
BufferAccessStrategy strategy;
/*
* The following private members are private state for communication
* between StartReadBuffers ( ) and WaitReadBuffers ( ) , initialized only if
* an actual read is required , and should not be modified .
*/
Buffer *buffers;
BlockNumber blocknum;
int flags;
int16 nblocks;
int16 nblocks_done;
PgAioWaitRef io_wref;
PgAioReturn io_return;
};
typedef struct ReadBuffersOperation ReadBuffersOperation;
/* forward declared, to avoid having to expose buf_internals.h here */
struct WritebackContext;
/* forward declared, to avoid including smgr.h here */
struct SMgrRelationData;
/* in globals.c ... this duplicates miscadmin.h */
extern PGDLLIMPORT int NBuffers;
/* in bufmgr.c */
extern PGDLLIMPORT bool zero_damaged_pages;
extern PGDLLIMPORT int bgwriter_lru_maxpages;
extern PGDLLIMPORT double bgwriter_lru_multiplier;
extern PGDLLIMPORT bool track_io_timing;
#define DEFAULT_EFFECTIVE_IO_CONCURRENCY 16
#define DEFAULT_MAINTENANCE_IO_CONCURRENCY 16
extern PGDLLIMPORT int effective_io_concurrency;
extern PGDLLIMPORT int maintenance_io_concurrency;
#define MAX_IO_COMBINE_LIMIT PG_IOV_MAX
#define DEFAULT_IO_COMBINE_LIMIT Min(MAX_IO_COMBINE_LIMIT, (128 * 1024 ) / BLCKSZ)
extern PGDLLIMPORT int io_combine_limit; /* min of the two GUCs below */
extern PGDLLIMPORT int io_combine_limit_guc;
extern PGDLLIMPORT int io_max_combine_limit;
extern PGDLLIMPORT int checkpoint_flush_after;
extern PGDLLIMPORT int backend_flush_after;
extern PGDLLIMPORT int bgwriter_flush_after;
extern PGDLLIMPORT const PgAioHandleCallbacks aio_shared_buffer_readv_cb;
extern PGDLLIMPORT const PgAioHandleCallbacks aio_local_buffer_readv_cb;
/* in buf_init.c */
extern PGDLLIMPORT char *BufferBlocks;
/* in localbuf.c */
extern PGDLLIMPORT int NLocBuffer;
extern PGDLLIMPORT Block *LocalBufferBlockPointers;
extern PGDLLIMPORT int32 *LocalRefCount;
/* upper limit for effective_io_concurrency */
#define MAX_IO_CONCURRENCY 1000
/* special block number for ReadBuffer() */
#define P_NEW InvalidBlockNumber /* grow the file to get a new page */
/*
* Buffer content lock modes ( mode argument for LockBuffer ( ) )
*/
#define BUFFER_LOCK_UNLOCK 0
#define BUFFER_LOCK_SHARE 1
#define BUFFER_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE 2
/*
* prototypes for functions in bufmgr . c
*/
extern PrefetchBufferResult PrefetchSharedBuffer(struct SMgrRelationData *smgr_reln,
ForkNumber forkNum,
BlockNumber blockNum);
extern PrefetchBufferResult PrefetchBuffer(Relation reln, ForkNumber forkNum,
BlockNumber blockNum);
extern bool ReadRecentBuffer(RelFileLocator rlocator, ForkNumber forkNum,
BlockNumber blockNum, Buffer recent_buffer);
extern Buffer ReadBuffer(Relation reln, BlockNumber blockNum);
extern Buffer ReadBufferExtended(Relation reln, ForkNumber forkNum,
BlockNumber blockNum, ReadBufferMode mode,
BufferAccessStrategy strategy);
extern Buffer ReadBufferWithoutRelcache(RelFileLocator rlocator,
ForkNumber forkNum, BlockNumber blockNum,
ReadBufferMode mode, BufferAccessStrategy strategy,
bool permanent);
extern bool StartReadBuffer(ReadBuffersOperation *operation,
Buffer *buffer,
BlockNumber blocknum,
int flags);
extern bool StartReadBuffers(ReadBuffersOperation *operation,
Buffer *buffers,
BlockNumber blockNum,
int *nblocks,
int flags);
extern void WaitReadBuffers(ReadBuffersOperation *operation);
extern void ReleaseBuffer(Buffer buffer);
extern void UnlockReleaseBuffer(Buffer buffer);
extern bool BufferIsExclusiveLocked(Buffer buffer);
extern bool BufferIsDirty(Buffer buffer);
extern void MarkBufferDirty(Buffer buffer);
extern void IncrBufferRefCount(Buffer buffer);
extern void CheckBufferIsPinnedOnce(Buffer buffer);
extern Buffer ReleaseAndReadBuffer(Buffer buffer, Relation relation,
BlockNumber blockNum);
extern Buffer ExtendBufferedRel(BufferManagerRelation bmr,
ForkNumber forkNum,
BufferAccessStrategy strategy,
uint32 flags);
extern BlockNumber ExtendBufferedRelBy(BufferManagerRelation bmr,
ForkNumber fork,
BufferAccessStrategy strategy,
uint32 flags,
uint32 extend_by,
Buffer *buffers,
uint32 *extended_by);
extern Buffer ExtendBufferedRelTo(BufferManagerRelation bmr,
ForkNumber fork,
BufferAccessStrategy strategy,
uint32 flags,
BlockNumber extend_to,
ReadBufferMode mode);
extern void InitBufferManagerAccess(void );
extern void AtEOXact_Buffers(bool isCommit);
#ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
extern void AssertBufferLocksPermitCatalogRead(void );
#endif
extern char *DebugPrintBufferRefcount(Buffer buffer);
extern void CheckPointBuffers(int flags);
extern BlockNumber BufferGetBlockNumber(Buffer buffer);
extern BlockNumber RelationGetNumberOfBlocksInFork(Relation relation,
ForkNumber forkNum);
extern void FlushOneBuffer(Buffer buffer);
extern void FlushRelationBuffers(Relation rel);
extern void FlushRelationsAllBuffers(struct SMgrRelationData **smgrs, int nrels);
extern void CreateAndCopyRelationData(RelFileLocator src_rlocator,
RelFileLocator dst_rlocator,
bool permanent);
extern void FlushDatabaseBuffers(Oid dbid);
extern void DropRelationBuffers(struct SMgrRelationData *smgr_reln,
ForkNumber *forkNum,
int nforks, BlockNumber *firstDelBlock);
extern void DropRelationsAllBuffers(struct SMgrRelationData **smgr_reln,
int nlocators);
extern void DropDatabaseBuffers(Oid dbid);
#define RelationGetNumberOfBlocks(reln) \
RelationGetNumberOfBlocksInFork(reln, MAIN_FORKNUM)
extern bool BufferIsPermanent(Buffer buffer);
extern XLogRecPtr BufferGetLSNAtomic(Buffer buffer);
extern void BufferGetTag(Buffer buffer, RelFileLocator *rlocator,
ForkNumber *forknum, BlockNumber *blknum);
extern void MarkBufferDirtyHint(Buffer buffer, bool buffer_std);
extern void UnlockBuffers(void );
extern void LockBuffer(Buffer buffer, int mode);
extern bool ConditionalLockBuffer(Buffer buffer);
extern void LockBufferForCleanup(Buffer buffer);
extern bool ConditionalLockBufferForCleanup(Buffer buffer);
extern bool IsBufferCleanupOK(Buffer buffer);
extern bool HoldingBufferPinThatDelaysRecovery(void );
extern bool BgBufferSync(struct WritebackContext *wb_context);
extern uint32 GetPinLimit(void );
extern uint32 GetLocalPinLimit(void );
extern uint32 GetAdditionalPinLimit(void );
extern uint32 GetAdditionalLocalPinLimit(void );
extern void LimitAdditionalPins(uint32 *additional_pins);
extern void LimitAdditionalLocalPins(uint32 *additional_pins);
extern bool EvictUnpinnedBuffer(Buffer buf, bool *buffer_flushed);
extern void EvictAllUnpinnedBuffers(int32 *buffers_evicted,
int32 *buffers_flushed,
int32 *buffers_skipped);
extern void EvictRelUnpinnedBuffers(Relation rel,
int32 *buffers_evicted,
int32 *buffers_flushed,
int32 *buffers_skipped);
/* in buf_init.c */
extern void BufferManagerShmemInit(void );
extern Size BufferManagerShmemSize(void );
/* in localbuf.c */
extern void AtProcExit_LocalBuffers(void );
/* in freelist.c */
extern BufferAccessStrategy GetAccessStrategy(BufferAccessStrategyType btype);
extern BufferAccessStrategy GetAccessStrategyWithSize(BufferAccessStrategyType btype,
int ring_size_kb);
extern int GetAccessStrategyBufferCount(BufferAccessStrategy strategy);
extern int GetAccessStrategyPinLimit(BufferAccessStrategy strategy);
extern void FreeAccessStrategy(BufferAccessStrategy strategy);
/* inline functions */
/*
* Although this header file is nominally backend - only , certain frontend
* programs like pg_waldump include it . For compilers that emit static
* inline functions even when they ' re unused , that leads to unsatisfied
* external references ; hence hide these with # ifndef FRONTEND .
*/
#ifndef FRONTEND
/*
* BufferIsValid
* True iff the given buffer number is valid ( either as a shared
* or local buffer ) .
*
* Note : For a long time this was defined the same as BufferIsPinned ,
* that is it would say False if you didn ' t hold a pin on the buffer .
* I believe this was bogus and served only to mask logic errors .
* Code should always know whether it has a buffer reference ,
* independently of the pin state .
*
* Note : For a further long time this was not quite the inverse of the
* BufferIsInvalid ( ) macro , in that it also did sanity checks to verify
* that the buffer number was in range . Most likely , this macro was
* originally intended only to be used in assertions , but its use has
* since expanded quite a bit , and the overhead of making those checks
* even in non - assert - enabled builds can be significant . Thus , we ' ve
* now demoted the range checks to assertions within the macro itself .
*/
static inline bool
BufferIsValid(Buffer bufnum)
{
Assert(bufnum <= NBuffers);
Assert(bufnum >= -NLocBuffer);
return bufnum != InvalidBuffer;
}
/*
* BufferGetBlock
* Returns a reference to a disk page image associated with a buffer .
*
* Note :
* Assumes buffer is valid .
*/
static inline Block
BufferGetBlock(Buffer buffer)
{
Assert(BufferIsValid(buffer));
if (BufferIsLocal(buffer))
return LocalBufferBlockPointers[-buffer - 1 ];
else
return (Block) (BufferBlocks + ((Size) (buffer - 1 )) * BLCKSZ);
}
/*
* BufferGetPageSize
* Returns the page size within a buffer .
*
* Notes :
* Assumes buffer is valid .
*
* The buffer can be a raw disk block and need not contain a valid
* ( formatted ) disk page .
*/
/* XXX should dig out of buffer descriptor */
static inline Size
BufferGetPageSize(Buffer buffer)
{
Assert(BufferIsValid(buffer));
return (Size) BLCKSZ;
}
/*
* BufferGetPage
* Returns the page associated with a buffer .
*/
static inline Page
BufferGetPage(Buffer buffer)
{
return (Page) BufferGetBlock(buffer);
}
#endif /* FRONTEND */
#endif /* BUFMGR_H */
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