# Copyright (c) 2021-2025, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
# Sets up a KDC and then runs a variety of tests to make sure that the # GSSAPI/Kerberos authentication and encryption are working properly, # that the options in pg_hba.conf and pg_ident.conf are handled correctly, # that the server-side pg_stat_gssapi view reports what we expect to # see for each test and that SYSTEM_USER returns what we expect to see. # # Also test that GSSAPI delegation is working properly and that those # credentials can be used to make dblink / postgres_fdw connections. # # Since this requires setting up a full KDC, it doesn't make much sense # to have multiple test scripts (since they'd have to also create their # own KDC and that could cause race conditions or other problems)- so # just add whatever other tests are needed to here. # # See the README for additional information.
use strict;
use warnings FATAL => 'all';
use PostgreSQL::Test::Utils;
use PostgreSQL::Test::Cluster;
use PostgreSQL::Test::Kerberos;
use Test::More;
use Time::HiRes qw(usleep);
if ($ENV{with_gssapi} ne 'yes')
{
plan skip_all => 'GSSAPI/Kerberos not supported by this build';
}
elsif (!$ENV{PG_TEST_EXTRA} || $ENV{PG_TEST_EXTRA} !~ /\bkerberos\b/)
{
plan skip_all => 'Potentially unsafe test GSSAPI/Kerberos not enabled in PG_TEST_EXTRA';
}
my $pgpass = "${PostgreSQL::Test::Utils::tmp_check}/.pgpass";
my $dbname = 'postgres';
my $username = 'test1';
my $application = '001_auth.pl';
# Construct a pgpass file to make sure we don't use it
append_to_file($pgpass, '*:*:*:*:abc123');
chmod 0600, $pgpass or die $!;
note "setting up Kerberos";
my $host = 'auth-test-localhost.postgresql.example.com';
my $hostaddr = '127.0.0.1';
my $realm = 'EXAMPLE.COM';
my $krb = PostgreSQL::Test::Kerberos->new($host, $hostaddr, $realm);
my $test1_password = 'secret1';
$krb->create_principal('test1', $test1_password);
$node->safe_psql('postgres', 'CREATE USER test1;');
$node->safe_psql('postgres', "CREATE USER test2 WITH ENCRYPTED PASSWORD 'abc123';");
$node->safe_psql('postgres', 'CREATE EXTENSION postgres_fdw;');
$node->safe_psql('postgres', 'CREATE EXTENSION dblink;');
$node->safe_psql('postgres', "CREATE SERVER s1 FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER postgres_fdw OPTIONS (host '$host', hostaddr '$hostaddr', port '$port', dbname 'postgres');"
);
$node->safe_psql('postgres', "CREATE SERVER s2 FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER postgres_fdw OPTIONS (port '$port', dbname 'postgres', passfile '$pgpass');"
);
$node->safe_psql('postgres', 'GRANT USAGE ON FOREIGN SERVER s1 TO test1;');
$node->safe_psql('postgres', "CREATE USER MAPPING FOR test1 SERVER s1 OPTIONS (user 'test1');");
$node->safe_psql('postgres', "CREATE USER MAPPING FOR test1 SERVER s2 OPTIONS (user 'test2');");
$node->safe_psql('postgres', "CREATE TABLE t1 (c1 int);");
$node->safe_psql('postgres', "INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (1);");
$node->safe_psql('postgres', "CREATE FOREIGN TABLE tf1 (c1 int) SERVER s1 OPTIONS (schema_name 'public', table_name 't1');"
);
$node->safe_psql('postgres', "GRANT SELECT ON t1 TO test1;");
$node->safe_psql('postgres', "GRANT SELECT ON tf1 TO test1;");
$node->safe_psql('postgres', "CREATE FOREIGN TABLE tf2 (c1 int) SERVER s2 OPTIONS (schema_name 'public', table_name 't1');"
);
$node->safe_psql('postgres', "GRANT SELECT ON tf2 TO test1;");
# Set up a table for SYSTEM_USER parallel worker testing.
$node->safe_psql('postgres', "CREATE TABLE ids (id) AS SELECT 'gss:test1\@$realm' FROM generate_series(1, 10);"
);
$node->safe_psql('postgres', 'GRANT SELECT ON ids TO public;');
note "running tests";
# Test connection success or failure, and if success, that query returns true.
sub test_access
{
local $Test::Builder::Level = $Test::Builder::Level + 1;
my ($node, $role, $query, $expected_res, $gssencmode, $test_name,
@expect_log_msgs)
= @_;
# need to connect over TCP/IP for Kerberos
my $connstr = $node->connstr('postgres')
. " user=$role host=$host hostaddr=$hostaddr $gssencmode";
my %params = (sql => $query,);
if (@expect_log_msgs)
{ # Match every message literally.
my @regexes = map { qr/\Q$_\E/ } @expect_log_msgs;
$params{log_like} = \@regexes;
}
if ($expected_res eq 0)
{ # The result is assumed to match "true", or "t", here.
$params{expected_stdout} = qr/^t$/;
unlink($node->data_dir . '/pg_hba.conf');
$node->append_conf( 'pg_hba.conf',
qq{
local all test2 scram-sha-256
host allall $hostaddr/32 gss map=mymap
});
$node->restart;
test_access($node, 'test1', 'SELECT true', 2, '', 'fails without ticket');
$krb->create_ticket('test1', $test1_password);
test_access(
$node, 'test1', 'SELECT true', 2, '', 'fails without mapping', "connection authenticated: identity=\"test1\@$realm\" method=gss", "no match in usermap \"mymap\" for user \"test1\"");
test_access(
$node, 'test1', 'SELECT gss_authenticated AND encrypted AND NOT credentials_delegated FROM pg_stat_gssapi WHERE pid = pg_backend_pid();', 0, '', 'succeeds with mapping with default gssencmode and host hba, ticket not forwardable', "connection authenticated: identity=\"test1\@$realm\" method=gss", "connection authorized: user=$username database=$dbname application_name=$application GSS (authenticated=yes, encrypted=yes, delegated_credentials=no, principal=test1\@$realm)"
);
test_access(
$node, 'test1', 'SELECT gss_authenticated AND encrypted AND NOT credentials_delegated FROM pg_stat_gssapi WHERE pid = pg_backend_pid();', 0, 'gssencmode=prefer', 'succeeds with GSS-encrypted access preferred with host hba, ticket not forwardable', "connection authenticated: identity=\"test1\@$realm\" method=gss", "connection authorized: user=$username database=$dbname application_name=$application GSS (authenticated=yes, encrypted=yes, delegated_credentials=no, principal=test1\@$realm)"
);
test_access(
$node, 'test1', 'SELECT gss_authenticated AND encrypted AND NOT credentials_delegated FROM pg_stat_gssapi WHERE pid = pg_backend_pid();', 0, 'gssencmode=require', 'succeeds with GSS-encrypted access required with host hba, ticket not forwardable', "connection authenticated: identity=\"test1\@$realm\" method=gss", "connection authorized: user=$username database=$dbname application_name=$application GSS (authenticated=yes, encrypted=yes, delegated_credentials=no, principal=test1\@$realm)"
);
test_access(
$node, 'test1', 'SELECT gss_authenticated AND encrypted AND NOT credentials_delegated FROM pg_stat_gssapi WHERE pid = pg_backend_pid();', 0, 'gssencmode=prefer gssdelegation=1', 'succeeds with GSS-encrypted access preferred with host hba and credentials not delegated even though asked for (ticket not forwardable)', "connection authenticated: identity=\"test1\@$realm\" method=gss", "connection authorized: user=$username database=$dbname application_name=$application GSS (authenticated=yes, encrypted=yes, delegated_credentials=no, principal=test1\@$realm)"
);
test_access(
$node, 'test1', 'SELECT gss_authenticated AND encrypted AND NOT credentials_delegated FROM pg_stat_gssapi WHERE pid = pg_backend_pid();', 0, 'gssencmode=require gssdelegation=1', 'succeeds with GSS-encrypted access required with host hba and credentials not delegated even though asked for (ticket not forwardable)', "connection authenticated: identity=\"test1\@$realm\" method=gss", "connection authorized: user=$username database=$dbname application_name=$application GSS (authenticated=yes, encrypted=yes, delegated_credentials=no, principal=test1\@$realm)"
);
# Test that we can transport a reasonable amount of data.
test_query(
$node, 'test1', 'SELECT * FROM generate_series(1, 100000);',
qr/^1\n.*\n1024\n.*\n9999\n.*\n100000$/s, 'gssencmode=require', 'receiving 100K lines works');
# require_auth=gss succeeds if required.
$node->connect_ok(
$node->connstr('postgres')
. " user=test1 host=$host hostaddr=$hostaddr gssencmode=disable require_auth=gss", "GSS authentication requested, works with non-encrypted GSS");
$node->connect_ok(
$node->connstr('postgres')
. " user=test1 host=$host hostaddr=$hostaddr gssencmode=require require_auth=gss", "GSS authentication requested, works with encrypted GSS auth");
# require_auth=sspi fails if required.
$node->connect_fails(
$node->connstr('postgres')
. " user=test1 host=$host hostaddr=$hostaddr gssencmode=disable require_auth=sspi", "SSPI authentication requested, fails with non-encrypted GSS",
expected_stderr =>
qr/authentication method requirement "sspi" failed: server requested GSSAPI authentication/
);
$node->connect_fails(
$node->connstr('postgres')
. " user=test1 host=$host hostaddr=$hostaddr gssencmode=require require_auth=sspi", "SSPI authentication requested, fails with encrypted GSS",
expected_stderr =>
qr/authentication method requirement "sspi" failed: server did not complete authentication/
);
# Test that SYSTEM_USER works.
test_query($node, 'test1', 'SELECT SYSTEM_USER;',
qr/^gss:test1\@$realm$/s, 'gssencmode=require', 'testing system_user');
# Test that SYSTEM_USER works with parallel workers.
test_query(
$node, 'test1', qq(
SET min_parallel_table_scan_size TO 0;
SET parallel_setup_cost TO 0;
SET parallel_tuple_cost TO 0;
SET max_parallel_workers_per_gather TO 2;
SELECT bool_and(SYSTEM_USER = id) FROM ids;),
qr/^t$/s, 'gssencmode=require', 'testing system_user with parallel workers');
unlink($node->data_dir . '/pg_hba.conf');
$node->append_conf( 'pg_hba.conf',
qq{
local all test2 scram-sha-256
hostgssenc allall $hostaddr/32 gss map=mymap
});
# Re-create the ticket, with the forwardable flag set
$krb->create_ticket('test1', $test1_password, forwardable => 1);
test_access(
$node, 'test1', 'SELECT gss_authenticated AND encrypted AND NOT credentials_delegated from pg_stat_gssapi where pid = pg_backend_pid();', 0, 'gssencmode=prefer gssdelegation=1', 'succeeds with GSS-encrypted access preferred and hostgssenc hba and credentials not forwarded (server does not accept them, default)', "connection authenticated: identity=\"test1\@$realm\" method=gss", "connection authorized: user=$username database=$dbname application_name=$application GSS (authenticated=yes, encrypted=yes, delegated_credentials=no, principal=test1\@$realm)"
);
test_access(
$node, 'test1', 'SELECT gss_authenticated AND encrypted AND NOT credentials_delegated from pg_stat_gssapi where pid = pg_backend_pid();', 0, 'gssencmode=require gssdelegation=1', 'succeeds with GSS-encrypted access required and hostgssenc hba and credentials not forwarded (server does not accept them, default)', "connection authenticated: identity=\"test1\@$realm\" method=gss", "connection authorized: user=$username database=$dbname application_name=$application GSS (authenticated=yes, encrypted=yes, delegated_credentials=no, principal=test1\@$realm)"
);
test_access(
$node, 'test1', 'SELECT gss_authenticated AND encrypted AND NOT credentials_delegated from pg_stat_gssapi where pid = pg_backend_pid();', 0, 'gssencmode=prefer gssdelegation=1', 'succeeds with GSS-encrypted access preferred and hostgssenc hba and credentials not forwarded (server does not accept them, explicitly disabled)', "connection authenticated: identity=\"test1\@$realm\" method=gss", "connection authorized: user=$username database=$dbname application_name=$application GSS (authenticated=yes, encrypted=yes, delegated_credentials=no, principal=test1\@$realm)"
);
test_access(
$node, 'test1', 'SELECT gss_authenticated AND encrypted AND NOT credentials_delegated from pg_stat_gssapi where pid = pg_backend_pid();', 0, 'gssencmode=require gssdelegation=1', 'succeeds with GSS-encrypted access required and hostgssenc hba and credentials not forwarded (server does not accept them, explicitly disabled)', "connection authenticated: identity=\"test1\@$realm\" method=gss", "connection authorized: user=$username database=$dbname application_name=$application GSS (authenticated=yes, encrypted=yes, delegated_credentials=no, principal=test1\@$realm)"
);
test_access(
$node, 'test1', 'SELECT gss_authenticated AND encrypted AND credentials_delegated from pg_stat_gssapi where pid = pg_backend_pid();', 0, 'gssencmode=prefer gssdelegation=1', 'succeeds with GSS-encrypted access preferred and hostgssenc hba and credentials forwarded', "connection authenticated: identity=\"test1\@$realm\" method=gss", "connection authorized: user=$username database=$dbname application_name=$application GSS (authenticated=yes, encrypted=yes, delegated_credentials=yes, principal=test1\@$realm)"
);
test_access(
$node, 'test1', 'SELECT gss_authenticated AND encrypted AND credentials_delegated from pg_stat_gssapi where pid = pg_backend_pid();', 0, 'gssencmode=require gssdelegation=1', 'succeeds with GSS-encrypted access required and hostgssenc hba and credentials forwarded', "connection authenticated: identity=\"test1\@$realm\" method=gss", "connection authorized: user=$username database=$dbname application_name=$application GSS (authenticated=yes, encrypted=yes, delegated_credentials=yes, principal=test1\@$realm)"
);
test_access(
$node, 'test1', 'SELECT gss_authenticated AND encrypted AND NOT credentials_delegated FROM pg_stat_gssapi WHERE pid = pg_backend_pid();', 0, 'gssencmode=prefer', 'succeeds with GSS-encrypted access preferred and hostgssenc hba and credentials not forwarded', "connection authenticated: identity=\"test1\@$realm\" method=gss", "connection authorized: user=$username database=$dbname application_name=$application GSS (authenticated=yes, encrypted=yes, delegated_credentials=no, principal=test1\@$realm)"
);
test_access(
$node, 'test1', 'SELECT gss_authenticated AND encrypted AND NOT credentials_delegated FROM pg_stat_gssapi WHERE pid = pg_backend_pid();', 0, 'gssencmode=require gssdelegation=0', 'succeeds with GSS-encrypted access required and hostgssenc hba and credentials explicitly not forwarded', "connection authenticated: identity=\"test1\@$realm\" method=gss", "connection authorized: user=$username database=$dbname application_name=$application GSS (authenticated=yes, encrypted=yes, delegated_credentials=no, principal=test1\@$realm)"
);
my $psql_out = '';
my $psql_stderr = '';
my $psql_rc = '';
$psql_rc = $node->psql( 'postgres', "SELECT * FROM dblink('user=test1 dbname=$dbname host=$host hostaddr=$hostaddr port=$port','select 1') as t1(c1 int);",
connstr => "user=test1 host=$host hostaddr=$hostaddr gssencmode=require gssdelegation=0",
stdout => \$psql_out,
stderr => \$psql_stderr);
is($psql_rc, '3', 'dblink attempt fails without delegated credentials');
like(
$psql_stderr,
qr/password or GSSAPI delegated credentials required/, 'dblink does not work without delegated credentials');
like($psql_out, qr/^$/, 'dblink does not work without delegated credentials');
$psql_out = '';
$psql_stderr = '';
$psql_rc = $node->psql( 'postgres', "SELECT * FROM dblink('user=test2 dbname=$dbname port=$port passfile=$pgpass','select 1') as t1(c1 int);",
connstr => "user=test1 host=$host hostaddr=$hostaddr gssencmode=require gssdelegation=0",
stdout => \$psql_out,
stderr => \$psql_stderr);
is($psql_rc, '3', 'dblink does not work without delegated credentials and with passfile');
like(
$psql_stderr,
qr/password or GSSAPI delegated credentials required/, 'dblink does not work without delegated credentials and with passfile');
like($psql_out, qr/^$/, 'dblink does not work without delegated credentials and with passfile');
$psql_out = '';
$psql_stderr = '';
$psql_rc = $node->psql( 'postgres', "TABLE tf1;",
connstr => "user=test1 host=$host hostaddr=$hostaddr gssencmode=require gssdelegation=0",
stdout => \$psql_out,
stderr => \$psql_stderr);
is($psql_rc, '3', 'postgres_fdw does not work without delegated credentials');
like(
$psql_stderr,
qr/password or GSSAPI delegated credentials required/, 'postgres_fdw does not work without delegated credentials');
like($psql_out, qr/^$/, 'postgres_fdw does not work without delegated credentials');
$psql_out = '';
$psql_stderr = '';
$psql_rc = $node->psql( 'postgres', "TABLE tf2;",
connstr => "user=test1 host=$host hostaddr=$hostaddr gssencmode=require gssdelegation=0",
stdout => \$psql_out,
stderr => \$psql_stderr);
is($psql_rc, '3', 'postgres_fdw does not work without delegated credentials and with passfile'
);
like(
$psql_stderr,
qr/password or GSSAPI delegated credentials required/, 'postgres_fdw does not work without delegated credentials and with passfile'
);
like($psql_out, qr/^$/, 'postgres_fdw does not work without delegated credentials and with passfile'
);
test_access($node, 'test1', 'SELECT true', 2, 'gssencmode=disable', 'fails with GSS encryption disabled and hostgssenc hba');
# require_auth=gss succeeds if required.
$node->connect_ok(
$node->connstr('postgres')
. " user=test1 host=$host hostaddr=$hostaddr gssencmode=require require_auth=gss", "GSS authentication requested, works with GSS encryption");
$node->connect_ok(
$node->connstr('postgres')
. " user=test1 host=$host hostaddr=$hostaddr gssencmode=require require_auth=gss,scram-sha-256", "multiple authentication types requested, works with GSS encryption");
unlink($node->data_dir . '/pg_hba.conf');
$node->append_conf( 'pg_hba.conf',
qq{
local all test2 scram-sha-256
hostnogssenc allall $hostaddr/32 gss map=mymap
});
$node->restart;
test_access(
$node, 'test1', 'SELECT gss_authenticated AND NOT encrypted AND credentials_delegated FROM pg_stat_gssapi WHERE pid = pg_backend_pid();', 0, 'gssencmode=prefer gssdelegation=1', 'succeeds with GSS-encrypted access preferred and hostnogssenc hba, but no encryption', "connection authenticated: identity=\"test1\@$realm\" method=gss", "connection authorized: user=$username database=$dbname application_name=$application GSS (authenticated=yes, encrypted=no, delegated_credentials=yes, principal=test1\@$realm)"
);
test_access($node, 'test1', 'SELECT true', 2, 'gssencmode=require', 'fails with GSS-encrypted access required and hostnogssenc hba');
test_access(
$node, 'test1', 'SELECT gss_authenticated AND NOT encrypted AND credentials_delegated FROM pg_stat_gssapi WHERE pid = pg_backend_pid();', 0, 'gssencmode=disable gssdelegation=1', 'succeeds with GSS encryption disabled and hostnogssenc hba', "connection authenticated: identity=\"test1\@$realm\" method=gss", "connection authorized: user=$username database=$dbname application_name=$application GSS (authenticated=yes, encrypted=no, delegated_credentials=yes, principal=test1\@$realm)"
);
test_query(
$node, 'test1', "SELECT * FROM dblink('user=test1 dbname=$dbname host=$host hostaddr=$hostaddr port=$port','select 1') as t1(c1 int);",
qr/^1$/s, 'gssencmode=prefer gssdelegation=1', 'dblink works not-encrypted (server not configured to accept encrypted GSSAPI connections)'
);
test_query(
$node, 'test1', "TABLE tf1;",
qr/^1$/s, 'gssencmode=prefer gssdelegation=1', 'postgres_fdw works not-encrypted (server not configured to accept encrypted GSSAPI connections)'
);
$psql_out = '';
$psql_stderr = '';
$psql_rc = $node->psql( 'postgres', "SELECT * FROM dblink('user=test2 dbname=$dbname port=$port passfile=$pgpass','select 1') as t1(c1 int);",
connstr => "user=test1 host=$host hostaddr=$hostaddr gssencmode=prefer gssdelegation=1",
stdout => \$psql_out,
stderr => \$psql_stderr);
is($psql_rc, '3', 'dblink does not work with delegated credentials and with passfile');
like(
$psql_stderr,
qr/password or GSSAPI delegated credentials required/, 'dblink does not work with delegated credentials and with passfile');
like($psql_out, qr/^$/, 'dblink does not work with delegated credentials and with passfile');
$psql_out = '';
$psql_stderr = '';
$psql_rc = $node->psql( 'postgres', "TABLE tf2;",
connstr => "user=test1 host=$host hostaddr=$hostaddr gssencmode=prefer gssdelegation=1",
stdout => \$psql_out,
stderr => \$psql_stderr);
is($psql_rc, '3', 'postgres_fdw does not work with delegated credentials and with passfile'
);
like(
$psql_stderr,
qr/password or GSSAPI delegated credentials required/, 'postgres_fdw does not work with delegated credentials and with passfile'
);
like($psql_out, qr/^$/, 'postgres_fdw does not work with delegated credentials and with passfile'
);
# Reset pg_hba.conf, and cause a usermap failure with an authentication # that has passed.
unlink($node->data_dir . '/pg_hba.conf');
$node->append_conf( 'pg_hba.conf',
qq{
local all test2 scram-sha-256
host allall $hostaddr/32 gss include_realm=0 krb_realm=EXAMPLE.ORG
});
$node->restart;
test_access(
$node, 'test1', 'SELECT true', 2, '', 'fails with wrong krb_realm, but still authenticates', "connection authenticated: identity=\"test1\@$realm\" method=gss");
done_testing();
Messung V0.5 in Prozent
¤ Dauer der Verarbeitung: 0.26 Sekunden
(vorverarbeitet am 2026-09-28)
¤
Die Informationen auf dieser Webseite wurden
nach bestem Wissen sorgfältig zusammengestellt. Es wird jedoch weder Vollständigkeit, noch Richtigkeit,
noch Qualität der bereit gestellten Informationen zugesichert.
Bemerkung:
Die farbliche Syntaxdarstellung und die Messung sind noch experimentell.