Spracherkennung für: .out vermutete Sprache: Unknown {[0] [0] [0]} [Methode: Schwerpunktbildung, einfache Gewichte, sechs Dimensionen]
--
-- CONSTRAINTS
-- Constraints can be specified with:
-- - DEFAULT clause
-- - CHECK clauses
-- - PRIMARY KEY clauses
-- - UNIQUE clauses
-- - EXCLUDE clauses
-- - NOT NULL clauses
--
-- directory paths are passed to us in environment variables
\getenv abs_srcdir PG_ABS_SRCDIR
--
-- DEFAULT syntax
--
CREATE TABLE DEFAULT_TBL (i int DEFAULT 100,
x text DEFAULT 'vadim', f float8 DEFAULT 123.456);
INSERT INTO DEFAULT_TBL VALUES (1, 'thomas', 57.0613);
INSERT INTO DEFAULT_TBL VALUES (1, 'bruce');
INSERT INTO DEFAULT_TBL (i, f) VALUES (2, 987.654);
INSERT INTO DEFAULT_TBL (x) VALUES ('marc');
INSERT INTO DEFAULT_TBL VALUES (3, null, 1.0);
SELECT * FROM DEFAULT_TBL;
i | x | f
-----+--------+---------
1 | thomas | 57.0613
1 | bruce | 123.456
2 | vadim | 987.654
100 | marc | 123.456
3 | | 1
(5 rows)
CREATE SEQUENCE DEFAULT_SEQ;
CREATE TABLE DEFAULTEXPR_TBL (i1 int DEFAULT 100 + (200-199) * 2,
i2 int DEFAULT nextval('default_seq'));
INSERT INTO DEFAULTEXPR_TBL VALUES (-1, -2);
INSERT INTO DEFAULTEXPR_TBL (i1) VALUES (-3);
INSERT INTO DEFAULTEXPR_TBL (i2) VALUES (-4);
INSERT INTO DEFAULTEXPR_TBL (i2) VALUES (NULL);
SELECT * FROM DEFAULTEXPR_TBL;
i1 | i2
-----+----
-1 | -2
-3 | 1
102 | -4
102 |
(4 rows)
-- syntax errors
-- test for extraneous comma
CREATE TABLE error_tbl (i int DEFAULT (100, ));
ERROR: syntax error at or near ")"
LINE 1: CREATE TABLE error_tbl (i int DEFAULT (100, ));
^
-- this will fail because gram.y uses b_expr not a_expr for defaults,
-- to avoid a shift/reduce conflict that arises from NOT NULL being
-- part of the column definition syntax:
CREATE TABLE error_tbl (b1 bool DEFAULT 1 IN (1, 2));
ERROR: syntax error at or near "IN"
LINE 1: CREATE TABLE error_tbl (b1 bool DEFAULT 1 IN (1, 2));
^
-- this should work, however:
CREATE TABLE error_tbl (b1 bool DEFAULT (1 IN (1, 2)));
DROP TABLE error_tbl;
--
-- CHECK syntax
--
CREATE TABLE CHECK_TBL (x int,
CONSTRAINT CHECK_CON CHECK (x > 3));
INSERT INTO CHECK_TBL VALUES (5);
INSERT INTO CHECK_TBL VALUES (4);
INSERT INTO CHECK_TBL VALUES (3);
ERROR: new row for relation "check_tbl" violates check constraint "check_con"
DETAIL: Failing row contains (3).
INSERT INTO CHECK_TBL VALUES (2);
ERROR: new row for relation "check_tbl" violates check constraint "check_con"
DETAIL: Failing row contains (2).
INSERT INTO CHECK_TBL VALUES (6);
INSERT INTO CHECK_TBL VALUES (1);
ERROR: new row for relation "check_tbl" violates check constraint "check_con"
DETAIL: Failing row contains (1).
SELECT * FROM CHECK_TBL;
x
---
5
4
6
(3 rows)
CREATE TABLE NE_CHECK_TBL (x int,
CONSTRAINT CHECK_CON CHECK (x > 3) NOT ENFORCED);
INSERT INTO NE_CHECK_TBL VALUES (5);
INSERT INTO NE_CHECK_TBL VALUES (4);
INSERT INTO NE_CHECK_TBL VALUES (3);
INSERT INTO NE_CHECK_TBL VALUES (2);
INSERT INTO NE_CHECK_TBL VALUES (6);
INSERT INTO NE_CHECK_TBL VALUES (1);
SELECT * FROM NE_CHECK_TBL;
x
---
5
4
3
2
6
1
(6 rows)
CREATE SEQUENCE CHECK_SEQ;
CREATE TABLE CHECK2_TBL (x int, y text, z int,
CONSTRAINT SEQUENCE_CON
CHECK (x > 3 and y <> 'check failed' and z < 8));
INSERT INTO CHECK2_TBL VALUES (4, 'check ok', -2);
INSERT INTO CHECK2_TBL VALUES (1, 'x check failed', -2);
ERROR: new row for relation "check2_tbl" violates check constraint "sequence_con"
DETAIL: Failing row contains (1, x check failed, -2).
INSERT INTO CHECK2_TBL VALUES (5, 'z check failed', 10);
ERROR: new row for relation "check2_tbl" violates check constraint "sequence_con"
DETAIL: Failing row contains (5, z check failed, 10).
INSERT INTO CHECK2_TBL VALUES (0, 'check failed', -2);
ERROR: new row for relation "check2_tbl" violates check constraint "sequence_con"
DETAIL: Failing row contains (0, check failed, -2).
INSERT INTO CHECK2_TBL VALUES (6, 'check failed', 11);
ERROR: new row for relation "check2_tbl" violates check constraint "sequence_con"
DETAIL: Failing row contains (6, check failed, 11).
INSERT INTO CHECK2_TBL VALUES (7, 'check ok', 7);
SELECT * from CHECK2_TBL;
x | y | z
---+----------+----
4 | check ok | -2
7 | check ok | 7
(2 rows)
--
-- Check constraints on INSERT
--
CREATE SEQUENCE INSERT_SEQ;
CREATE TABLE INSERT_TBL (x INT DEFAULT nextval('insert_seq'),
y TEXT DEFAULT '-NULL-',
z INT DEFAULT -1 * currval('insert_seq'),
CONSTRAINT INSERT_TBL_CON CHECK (x >= 3 AND y <> 'check failed' AND x < 8),
CHECK (x + z = 0) ENFORCED, /* no change it is a default */
CONSTRAINT NE_INSERT_TBL_CON CHECK (x + z = 1) NOT ENFORCED);
INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(x,z) VALUES (2, -2);
ERROR: new row for relation "insert_tbl" violates check constraint "insert_tbl_con"
DETAIL: Failing row contains (2, -NULL-, -2).
SELECT * FROM INSERT_TBL;
x | y | z
---+---+---
(0 rows)
SELECT 'one' AS one, nextval('insert_seq');
one | nextval
-----+---------
one | 1
(1 row)
INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y) VALUES ('Y');
ERROR: new row for relation "insert_tbl" violates check constraint "insert_tbl_con"
DETAIL: Failing row contains (2, Y, -2).
INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y) VALUES ('Y');
INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(x,z) VALUES (1, -2);
ERROR: new row for relation "insert_tbl" violates check constraint "insert_tbl_check"
DETAIL: Failing row contains (1, -NULL-, -2).
INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(z,x) VALUES (-7, 7);
INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL VALUES (5, 'check failed', -5);
ERROR: new row for relation "insert_tbl" violates check constraint "insert_tbl_con"
DETAIL: Failing row contains (5, check failed, -5).
INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL VALUES (7, '!check failed', -7);
INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y) VALUES ('-!NULL-');
SELECT * FROM INSERT_TBL;
x | y | z
---+---------------+----
3 | Y | -3
7 | -NULL- | -7
7 | !check failed | -7
4 | -!NULL- | -4
(4 rows)
INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y,z) VALUES ('check failed', 4);
ERROR: new row for relation "insert_tbl" violates check constraint "insert_tbl_check"
DETAIL: Failing row contains (5, check failed, 4).
INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(x,y) VALUES (5, 'check failed');
ERROR: new row for relation "insert_tbl" violates check constraint "insert_tbl_con"
DETAIL: Failing row contains (5, check failed, -5).
INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(x,y) VALUES (5, '!check failed');
INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y) VALUES ('-!NULL-');
SELECT * FROM INSERT_TBL;
x | y | z
---+---------------+----
3 | Y | -3
7 | -NULL- | -7
7 | !check failed | -7
4 | -!NULL- | -4
5 | !check failed | -5
6 | -!NULL- | -6
(6 rows)
SELECT 'seven' AS one, nextval('insert_seq');
one | nextval
-------+---------
seven | 7
(1 row)
INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y) VALUES ('Y');
ERROR: new row for relation "insert_tbl" violates check constraint "insert_tbl_con"
DETAIL: Failing row contains (8, Y, -8).
SELECT 'eight' AS one, currval('insert_seq');
one | currval
-------+---------
eight | 8
(1 row)
-- According to SQL, it is OK to insert a record that gives rise to NULL
-- constraint-condition results. Postgres used to reject this, but it
-- was wrong:
INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL VALUES (null, null, null);
SELECT * FROM INSERT_TBL;
x | y | z
---+---------------+----
3 | Y | -3
7 | -NULL- | -7
7 | !check failed | -7
4 | -!NULL- | -4
5 | !check failed | -5
6 | -!NULL- | -6
| |
(7 rows)
--
-- Check constraints on system columns
--
CREATE TABLE SYS_COL_CHECK_TBL (city text, state text, is_capital bool,
altitude int,
CHECK (NOT (is_capital AND tableoid::regclass::text = 'sys_col_check_tbl')));
INSERT INTO SYS_COL_CHECK_TBL VALUES ('Seattle', 'Washington', false, 100);
INSERT INTO SYS_COL_CHECK_TBL VALUES ('Olympia', 'Washington', true, 100);
ERROR: new row for relation "sys_col_check_tbl" violates check constraint "sys_col_check_tbl_check"
DETAIL: Failing row contains (Olympia, Washington, t, 100).
SELECT *, tableoid::regclass::text FROM SYS_COL_CHECK_TBL;
city | state | is_capital | altitude | tableoid
---------+------------+------------+----------+-------------------
Seattle | Washington | f | 100 | sys_col_check_tbl
(1 row)
DROP TABLE SYS_COL_CHECK_TBL;
--
-- Check constraints on system columns other then TableOid should return error
--
CREATE TABLE SYS_COL_CHECK_TBL (city text, state text, is_capital bool,
altitude int,
CHECK (NOT (is_capital AND ctid::text = 'sys_col_check_tbl')));
ERROR: system column "ctid" reference in check constraint is invalid
LINE 3: CHECK (NOT (is_capital AND ctid::text = 'sys_col_check...
^
--
-- Check inheritance of defaults and constraints
--
CREATE TABLE INSERT_CHILD (cx INT default 42,
cy INT CHECK (cy > x))
INHERITS (INSERT_TBL);
INSERT INTO INSERT_CHILD(x,z,cy) VALUES (7,-7,11);
INSERT INTO INSERT_CHILD(x,z,cy) VALUES (7,-7,6);
ERROR: new row for relation "insert_child" violates check constraint "insert_child_check"
DETAIL: Failing row contains (7, -NULL-, -7, 42, 6).
INSERT INTO INSERT_CHILD(x,z,cy) VALUES (6,-7,7);
ERROR: new row for relation "insert_child" violates check constraint "insert_tbl_check"
DETAIL: Failing row contains (6, -NULL-, -7, 42, 7).
INSERT INTO INSERT_CHILD(x,y,z,cy) VALUES (6,'check failed',-6,7);
ERROR: new row for relation "insert_child" violates check constraint "insert_tbl_con"
DETAIL: Failing row contains (6, check failed, -6, 42, 7).
SELECT * FROM INSERT_CHILD;
x | y | z | cx | cy
---+--------+----+----+----
7 | -NULL- | -7 | 42 | 11
(1 row)
DROP TABLE INSERT_CHILD;
--
-- Check NO INHERIT type of constraints and inheritance
--
CREATE TABLE ATACC1 (TEST INT
CHECK (TEST > 0) NO INHERIT);
CREATE TABLE ATACC2 (TEST2 INT) INHERITS (ATACC1);
-- check constraint is not there on child
INSERT INTO ATACC2 (TEST) VALUES (-3);
-- check constraint is there on parent
INSERT INTO ATACC1 (TEST) VALUES (-3);
ERROR: new row for relation "atacc1" violates check constraint "atacc1_test_check"
DETAIL: Failing row contains (-3).
DROP TABLE ATACC1 CASCADE;
NOTICE: drop cascades to table atacc2
CREATE TABLE ATACC1 (TEST INT, TEST2 INT
CHECK (TEST > 0), CHECK (TEST2 > 10) NO INHERIT);
CREATE TABLE ATACC2 () INHERITS (ATACC1);
-- check constraint is there on child
INSERT INTO ATACC2 (TEST) VALUES (-3);
ERROR: new row for relation "atacc2" violates check constraint "atacc1_test_check"
DETAIL: Failing row contains (-3, null).
-- check constraint is there on parent
INSERT INTO ATACC1 (TEST) VALUES (-3);
ERROR: new row for relation "atacc1" violates check constraint "atacc1_test_check"
DETAIL: Failing row contains (-3, null).
-- check constraint is not there on child
INSERT INTO ATACC2 (TEST2) VALUES (3);
-- check constraint is there on parent
INSERT INTO ATACC1 (TEST2) VALUES (3);
ERROR: new row for relation "atacc1" violates check constraint "atacc1_test2_check"
DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 3).
DROP TABLE ATACC1 CASCADE;
NOTICE: drop cascades to table atacc2
--
-- Check constraints on INSERT INTO
--
DELETE FROM INSERT_TBL;
ALTER SEQUENCE INSERT_SEQ RESTART WITH 4;
CREATE TEMP TABLE tmp (xd INT, yd TEXT, zd INT);
INSERT INTO tmp VALUES (null, 'Y', null);
INSERT INTO tmp VALUES (5, '!check failed', null);
INSERT INTO tmp VALUES (null, 'try again', null);
INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y) select yd from tmp;
SELECT * FROM INSERT_TBL;
x | y | z
---+---------------+----
4 | Y | -4
5 | !check failed | -5
6 | try again | -6
(3 rows)
INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL SELECT * FROM tmp WHERE yd = 'try again';
INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y,z) SELECT yd, -7 FROM tmp WHERE yd = 'try again';
INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y,z) SELECT yd, -8 FROM tmp WHERE yd = 'try again';
ERROR: new row for relation "insert_tbl" violates check constraint "insert_tbl_con"
DETAIL: Failing row contains (8, try again, -8).
SELECT * FROM INSERT_TBL;
x | y | z
---+---------------+----
4 | Y | -4
5 | !check failed | -5
6 | try again | -6
| try again |
7 | try again | -7
(5 rows)
DROP TABLE tmp;
--
-- Check constraints on UPDATE
--
UPDATE INSERT_TBL SET x = NULL WHERE x = 5;
UPDATE INSERT_TBL SET x = 6 WHERE x = 6;
UPDATE INSERT_TBL SET x = -z, z = -x;
UPDATE INSERT_TBL SET x = z, z = x;
ERROR: new row for relation "insert_tbl" violates check constraint "insert_tbl_con"
DETAIL: Failing row contains (-4, Y, 4).
SELECT * FROM INSERT_TBL;
x | y | z
---+---------------+----
4 | Y | -4
| try again |
7 | try again | -7
5 | !check failed |
6 | try again | -6
(5 rows)
-- DROP TABLE INSERT_TBL;
--
-- Check constraints on COPY FROM
--
CREATE TABLE COPY_TBL (x INT, y TEXT, z INT,
CONSTRAINT COPY_CON
CHECK (x > 3 AND y <> 'check failed' AND x < 7 ));
\set filename :abs_srcdir '/data/constro.data'
COPY COPY_TBL FROM :'filename';
SELECT * FROM COPY_TBL;
x | y | z
---+---------------+---
4 | !check failed | 5
6 | OK | 4
(2 rows)
\set filename :abs_srcdir '/data/constrf.data'
COPY COPY_TBL FROM :'filename';
ERROR: new row for relation "copy_tbl" violates check constraint "copy_con"
DETAIL: Failing row contains (7, check failed, 6).
CONTEXT: COPY copy_tbl, line 2: "7 check failed 6"
SELECT * FROM COPY_TBL;
x | y | z
---+---------------+---
4 | !check failed | 5
6 | OK | 4
(2 rows)
--
-- Primary keys
--
CREATE TABLE PRIMARY_TBL (i int PRIMARY KEY, t text);
INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (1, 'one');
INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (2, 'two');
INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (1, 'three');
ERROR: duplicate key value violates unique constraint "primary_tbl_pkey"
DETAIL: Key (i)=(1) already exists.
INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (4, 'three');
INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (5, 'one');
INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL (t) VALUES ('six');
ERROR: null value in column "i" of relation "primary_tbl" violates not-null constraint
DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, six).
SELECT * FROM PRIMARY_TBL;
i | t
---+-------
1 | one
2 | two
4 | three
5 | one
(4 rows)
DROP TABLE PRIMARY_TBL;
CREATE TABLE PRIMARY_TBL (i int, t text,
PRIMARY KEY(i,t));
INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (1, 'one');
INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (2, 'two');
INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (1, 'three');
INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (4, 'three');
INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (5, 'one');
INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL (t) VALUES ('six');
ERROR: null value in column "i" of relation "primary_tbl" violates not-null constraint
DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, six).
SELECT * FROM PRIMARY_TBL;
i | t
---+-------
1 | one
2 | two
1 | three
4 | three
5 | one
(5 rows)
DROP TABLE PRIMARY_TBL;
--
-- Unique keys
--
CREATE TABLE UNIQUE_TBL (i int UNIQUE, t text);
INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (1, 'one');
INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (2, 'two');
INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (1, 'three');
ERROR: duplicate key value violates unique constraint "unique_tbl_i_key"
DETAIL: Key (i)=(1) already exists.
INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (4, 'four');
INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (5, 'one');
INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL (t) VALUES ('six');
INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL (t) VALUES ('seven');
INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (5, 'five-upsert-insert') ON CONFLICT (i) DO UPDATE SET t = 'five-upsert-update';
INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (6, 'six-upsert-insert') ON CONFLICT (i) DO UPDATE SET t = 'six-upsert-update';
-- should fail
INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (2, 'b') ON CONFLICT (i) DO UPDATE SET t = 'fails';
ERROR: ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE command cannot affect row a second time
HINT: Ensure that no rows proposed for insertion within the same command have duplicate constrained values.
SELECT * FROM UNIQUE_TBL;
i | t
---+--------------------
1 | one
2 | two
4 | four
| six
| seven
5 | five-upsert-update
6 | six-upsert-insert
(7 rows)
DROP TABLE UNIQUE_TBL;
CREATE TABLE UNIQUE_TBL (i int UNIQUE NULLS NOT DISTINCT, t text);
INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (1, 'one');
INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (2, 'two');
INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (1, 'three'); -- fail
ERROR: duplicate key value violates unique constraint "unique_tbl_i_key"
DETAIL: Key (i)=(1) already exists.
INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (4, 'four');
INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (5, 'one');
INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL (t) VALUES ('six');
INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL (t) VALUES ('seven'); -- fail
ERROR: duplicate key value violates unique constraint "unique_tbl_i_key"
DETAIL: Key (i)=(null) already exists.
INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL (t) VALUES ('eight') ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING; -- no-op
SELECT * FROM UNIQUE_TBL;
i | t
---+------
1 | one
2 | two
4 | four
5 | one
| six
(5 rows)
DROP TABLE UNIQUE_TBL;
CREATE TABLE UNIQUE_TBL (i int, t text,
UNIQUE(i,t));
INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (1, 'one');
INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (2, 'two');
INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (1, 'three');
INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (1, 'one');
ERROR: duplicate key value violates unique constraint "unique_tbl_i_t_key"
DETAIL: Key (i, t)=(1, one) already exists.
INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (5, 'one');
INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL (t) VALUES ('six');
SELECT * FROM UNIQUE_TBL;
i | t
---+-------
1 | one
2 | two
1 | three
5 | one
| six
(5 rows)
DROP TABLE UNIQUE_TBL;
--
-- Deferrable unique constraints
--
CREATE TABLE unique_tbl (i int UNIQUE DEFERRABLE, t text);
INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (0, 'one');
INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (1, 'two');
INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (2, 'tree');
INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (3, 'four');
INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (4, 'five');
BEGIN;
-- default is immediate so this should fail right away
UPDATE unique_tbl SET i = 1 WHERE i = 0;
ERROR: duplicate key value violates unique constraint "unique_tbl_i_key"
DETAIL: Key (i)=(1) already exists.
ROLLBACK;
-- check is done at end of statement, so this should succeed
UPDATE unique_tbl SET i = i+1;
SELECT * FROM unique_tbl;
i | t
---+------
1 | one
2 | two
3 | tree
4 | four
5 | five
(5 rows)
-- explicitly defer the constraint
BEGIN;
SET CONSTRAINTS unique_tbl_i_key DEFERRED;
INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (3, 'three');
DELETE FROM unique_tbl WHERE t = 'tree'; -- makes constraint valid again
COMMIT; -- should succeed
SELECT * FROM unique_tbl;
i | t
---+-------
1 | one
2 | two
4 | four
5 | five
3 | three
(5 rows)
-- try adding an initially deferred constraint
ALTER TABLE unique_tbl DROP CONSTRAINT unique_tbl_i_key;
ALTER TABLE unique_tbl ADD CONSTRAINT unique_tbl_i_key
UNIQUE (i) DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED;
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (1, 'five');
INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (5, 'one');
UPDATE unique_tbl SET i = 4 WHERE i = 2;
UPDATE unique_tbl SET i = 2 WHERE i = 4 AND t = 'four';
DELETE FROM unique_tbl WHERE i = 1 AND t = 'one';
DELETE FROM unique_tbl WHERE i = 5 AND t = 'five';
COMMIT;
SELECT * FROM unique_tbl;
i | t
---+-------
3 | three
1 | five
5 | one
4 | two
2 | four
(5 rows)
-- should fail at commit-time
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (3, 'Three'); -- should succeed for now
COMMIT; -- should fail
ERROR: duplicate key value violates unique constraint "unique_tbl_i_key"
DETAIL: Key (i)=(3) already exists.
-- make constraint check immediate
BEGIN;
SET CONSTRAINTS ALL IMMEDIATE;
INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (3, 'Three'); -- should fail
ERROR: duplicate key value violates unique constraint "unique_tbl_i_key"
DETAIL: Key (i)=(3) already exists.
COMMIT;
-- forced check when SET CONSTRAINTS is called
BEGIN;
SET CONSTRAINTS ALL DEFERRED;
INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (3, 'Three'); -- should succeed for now
SET CONSTRAINTS ALL IMMEDIATE; -- should fail
ERROR: duplicate key value violates unique constraint "unique_tbl_i_key"
DETAIL: Key (i)=(3) already exists.
COMMIT;
-- test deferrable UNIQUE with a partitioned table
CREATE TABLE parted_uniq_tbl (i int UNIQUE DEFERRABLE) partition by range (i);
CREATE TABLE parted_uniq_tbl_1 PARTITION OF parted_uniq_tbl FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (10);
CREATE TABLE parted_uniq_tbl_2 PARTITION OF parted_uniq_tbl FOR VALUES FROM (20) TO (30);
SELECT conname, conrelid::regclass FROM pg_constraint
WHERE conname LIKE 'parted_uniq%' ORDER BY conname;
conname | conrelid
-------------------------+-------------------
parted_uniq_tbl_1_i_key | parted_uniq_tbl_1
parted_uniq_tbl_2_i_key | parted_uniq_tbl_2
parted_uniq_tbl_i_key | parted_uniq_tbl
(3 rows)
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO parted_uniq_tbl VALUES (1);
SAVEPOINT f;
INSERT INTO parted_uniq_tbl VALUES (1); -- unique violation
ERROR: duplicate key value violates unique constraint "parted_uniq_tbl_1_i_key"
DETAIL: Key (i)=(1) already exists.
ROLLBACK TO f;
SET CONSTRAINTS parted_uniq_tbl_i_key DEFERRED;
INSERT INTO parted_uniq_tbl VALUES (1); -- OK now, fail at commit
COMMIT;
ERROR: duplicate key value violates unique constraint "parted_uniq_tbl_1_i_key"
DETAIL: Key (i)=(1) already exists.
DROP TABLE parted_uniq_tbl;
-- test naming a constraint in a partition when a conflict exists
CREATE TABLE parted_fk_naming (
id bigint NOT NULL default 1,
id_abc bigint,
CONSTRAINT dummy_constr FOREIGN KEY (id_abc)
REFERENCES parted_fk_naming (id),
PRIMARY KEY (id)
)
PARTITION BY LIST (id);
CREATE TABLE parted_fk_naming_1 (
id bigint NOT NULL default 1,
id_abc bigint,
PRIMARY KEY (id),
CONSTRAINT dummy_constr CHECK (true)
);
ALTER TABLE parted_fk_naming ATTACH PARTITION parted_fk_naming_1 FOR VALUES IN ('1');
SELECT conname FROM pg_constraint WHERE conrelid = 'parted_fk_naming_1'::regclass AND contype = 'f';
conname
----------------
dummy_constr_1
(1 row)
DROP TABLE parted_fk_naming;
--
-- Test various ways to create primary keys on partitions, linked to unique
-- indexes (without constraints) on the partitioned table. Ideally these should
-- fail, but we don't dare change released behavior, so instead cope with it at
-- DETACH time.
CREATE TEMP TABLE t (a integer, b integer) PARTITION BY HASH (a, b);
CREATE TEMP TABLE tp (a integer, b integer, PRIMARY KEY (a, b), UNIQUE (b, a));
ALTER TABLE t ATTACH PARTITION tp FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 1, REMAINDER 0);
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX t_a_idx ON t (a, b);
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX t_b_idx ON t (b, a);
ALTER INDEX t_a_idx ATTACH PARTITION tp_pkey;
ALTER INDEX t_b_idx ATTACH PARTITION tp_b_a_key;
SELECT conname, conparentid, conislocal, coninhcount
FROM pg_constraint WHERE conname IN ('tp_pkey', 'tp_b_a_key')
ORDER BY conname DESC;
conname | conparentid | conislocal | coninhcount
------------+-------------+------------+-------------
tp_pkey | 0 | t | 0
tp_b_a_key | 0 | t | 0
(2 rows)
ALTER TABLE t DETACH PARTITION tp;
DROP TABLE t, tp;
CREATE TEMP TABLE t (a integer) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
CREATE TEMP TABLE tp (a integer PRIMARY KEY);
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX t_a_idx ON t (a);
ALTER TABLE t ATTACH PARTITION tp FOR VALUES IN (1);
ALTER TABLE t DETACH PARTITION tp;
DROP TABLE t, tp;
CREATE TEMP TABLE t (a integer) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
CREATE TEMP TABLE tp (a integer PRIMARY KEY);
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX t_a_idx ON ONLY t (a);
ALTER TABLE t ATTACH PARTITION tp FOR VALUES IN (1);
ALTER TABLE t DETACH PARTITION tp;
DROP TABLE t, tp;
CREATE TABLE regress_constr_partitioned (a integer) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
CREATE TABLE regress_constr_partition1 PARTITION OF regress_constr_partitioned FOR VALUES IN (1);
ALTER TABLE regress_constr_partition1 ADD PRIMARY KEY (a);
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX ON regress_constr_partitioned (a);
BEGIN;
ALTER TABLE regress_constr_partitioned DETACH PARTITION regress_constr_partition1;
ROLLBACK;
-- Leave this one in funny state for pg_upgrade testing
-- test a HOT update that invalidates the conflicting tuple.
-- the trigger should still fire and catch the violation
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (3, 'Three'); -- should succeed for now
UPDATE unique_tbl SET t = 'THREE' WHERE i = 3 AND t = 'Three';
COMMIT; -- should fail
ERROR: duplicate key value violates unique constraint "unique_tbl_i_key"
DETAIL: Key (i)=(3) already exists.
SELECT * FROM unique_tbl;
i | t
---+-------
3 | three
1 | five
5 | one
4 | two
2 | four
(5 rows)
-- test a HOT update that modifies the newly inserted tuple,
-- but should succeed because we then remove the other conflicting tuple.
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES(3, 'tree'); -- should succeed for now
UPDATE unique_tbl SET t = 'threex' WHERE t = 'tree';
DELETE FROM unique_tbl WHERE t = 'three';
SELECT * FROM unique_tbl;
i | t
---+--------
1 | five
5 | one
4 | two
2 | four
3 | threex
(5 rows)
COMMIT;
SELECT * FROM unique_tbl;
i | t
---+--------
1 | five
5 | one
4 | two
2 | four
3 | threex
(5 rows)
-- enforceability cannot be specified or set for unique constraint
CREATE TABLE UNIQUE_EN_TBL(i int UNIQUE ENFORCED);
ERROR: misplaced ENFORCED clause
LINE 1: CREATE TABLE UNIQUE_EN_TBL(i int UNIQUE ENFORCED);
^
CREATE TABLE UNIQUE_NOTEN_TBL(i int UNIQUE NOT ENFORCED);
ERROR: misplaced NOT ENFORCED clause
LINE 1: CREATE TABLE UNIQUE_NOTEN_TBL(i int UNIQUE NOT ENFORCED);
^
ALTER TABLE unique_tbl ALTER CONSTRAINT unique_tbl_i_key ENFORCED;
ERROR: cannot alter enforceability of constraint "unique_tbl_i_key" of relation "unique_tbl"
ALTER TABLE unique_tbl ALTER CONSTRAINT unique_tbl_i_key NOT ENFORCED;
ERROR: cannot alter enforceability of constraint "unique_tbl_i_key" of relation "unique_tbl"
-- can't make an existing constraint NOT VALID
ALTER TABLE unique_tbl ALTER CONSTRAINT unique_tbl_i_key NOT VALID;
ERROR: constraints cannot be altered to be NOT VALID
LINE 1: ...ABLE unique_tbl ALTER CONSTRAINT unique_tbl_i_key NOT VALID;
^
DROP TABLE unique_tbl;
--
-- EXCLUDE constraints
--
CREATE TABLE circles (
c1 CIRCLE,
c2 TEXT,
EXCLUDE USING gist
(c1 WITH &&, (c2::circle) WITH &&)
WHERE (circle_center(c1) <> '(0,0)')
);
-- these should succeed because they don't match the index predicate
INSERT INTO circles VALUES('<(0,0), 5>', '<(0,0), 5>');
INSERT INTO circles VALUES('<(0,0), 5>', '<(0,0), 4>');
-- succeed
INSERT INTO circles VALUES('<(10,10), 10>', '<(0,0), 5>');
-- fail, overlaps
INSERT INTO circles VALUES('<(20,20), 10>', '<(0,0), 4>');
ERROR: conflicting key value violates exclusion constraint "circles_c1_c2_excl"
DETAIL: Key (c1, (c2::circle))=(<(20,20),10>, <(0,0),4>) conflicts with existing key (c1, (c2::circle))=(<(10,10),10>, <(0,0),5>).
-- succeed, because violation is ignored
INSERT INTO circles VALUES('<(20,20), 10>', '<(0,0), 4>')
ON CONFLICT ON CONSTRAINT circles_c1_c2_excl DO NOTHING;
-- fail, because DO UPDATE variant requires unique index
INSERT INTO circles VALUES('<(20,20), 10>', '<(0,0), 4>')
ON CONFLICT ON CONSTRAINT circles_c1_c2_excl DO UPDATE SET c2 = EXCLUDED.c2;
ERROR: ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE not supported with exclusion constraints
-- succeed because c1 doesn't overlap
INSERT INTO circles VALUES('<(20,20), 1>', '<(0,0), 5>');
-- succeed because c2 doesn't overlap
INSERT INTO circles VALUES('<(20,20), 10>', '<(10,10), 5>');
-- should fail on existing data without the WHERE clause
ALTER TABLE circles ADD EXCLUDE USING gist
(c1 WITH &&, (c2::circle) WITH &&);
ERROR: could not create exclusion constraint "circles_c1_c2_excl1"
DETAIL: Key (c1, (c2::circle))=(<(0,0),5>, <(0,0),5>) conflicts with key (c1, (c2::circle))=(<(0,0),5>, <(0,0),4>).
-- try reindexing an existing constraint
REINDEX INDEX circles_c1_c2_excl;
DROP TABLE circles;
-- Check deferred exclusion constraint
CREATE TABLE deferred_excl (
f1 int,
f2 int,
CONSTRAINT deferred_excl_con EXCLUDE (f1 WITH =) INITIALLY DEFERRED
);
INSERT INTO deferred_excl VALUES(1);
INSERT INTO deferred_excl VALUES(2);
INSERT INTO deferred_excl VALUES(1); -- fail
ERROR: conflicting key value violates exclusion constraint "deferred_excl_con"
DETAIL: Key (f1)=(1) conflicts with existing key (f1)=(1).
INSERT INTO deferred_excl VALUES(1) ON CONFLICT ON CONSTRAINT deferred_excl_con DO NOTHING; -- fail
ERROR: ON CONFLICT does not support deferrable unique constraints/exclusion constraints as arbiters
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO deferred_excl VALUES(2); -- no fail here
COMMIT; -- should fail here
ERROR: conflicting key value violates exclusion constraint "deferred_excl_con"
DETAIL: Key (f1)=(2) conflicts with existing key (f1)=(2).
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO deferred_excl VALUES(3);
INSERT INTO deferred_excl VALUES(3); -- no fail here
COMMIT; -- should fail here
ERROR: conflicting key value violates exclusion constraint "deferred_excl_con"
DETAIL: Key (f1)=(3) conflicts with existing key (f1)=(3).
-- bug #13148: deferred constraint versus HOT update
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO deferred_excl VALUES(2, 1); -- no fail here
DELETE FROM deferred_excl WHERE f1 = 2 AND f2 IS NULL; -- remove old row
UPDATE deferred_excl SET f2 = 2 WHERE f1 = 2;
COMMIT; -- should not fail
SELECT * FROM deferred_excl;
f1 | f2
----+----
1 |
2 | 2
(2 rows)
ALTER TABLE deferred_excl DROP CONSTRAINT deferred_excl_con;
-- This should fail, but worth testing because of HOT updates
UPDATE deferred_excl SET f1 = 3;
ALTER TABLE deferred_excl ADD EXCLUDE (f1 WITH =);
ERROR: could not create exclusion constraint "deferred_excl_f1_excl"
DETAIL: Key (f1)=(3) conflicts with key (f1)=(3).
DROP TABLE deferred_excl;
-- verify constraints created for NOT NULL clauses
CREATE TABLE notnull_tbl1 (a INTEGER NOT NULL NOT NULL);
\d+ notnull_tbl1
Table "public.notnull_tbl1"
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
a | integer | | not null | | plain | |
Not-null constraints:
"notnull_tbl1_a_not_null" NOT NULL "a"
-- specifying an existing constraint is a no-op
ALTER TABLE notnull_tbl1 ADD CONSTRAINT notnull_tbl1_a_not_null NOT NULL a;
-- but using a different constraint name is not allowed
ALTER TABLE notnull_tbl1 ADD CONSTRAINT nn NOT NULL a;
ERROR: cannot create not-null constraint "nn" on column "a" of table "notnull_tbl1"
DETAIL: A not-null constraint named "notnull_tbl1_a_not_null" already exists for this column.
\d+ notnull_tbl1
Table "public.notnull_tbl1"
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
a | integer | | not null | | plain | |
Not-null constraints:
"notnull_tbl1_a_not_null" NOT NULL "a"
-- duplicate name
ALTER TABLE notnull_tbl1 ADD COLUMN b INT CONSTRAINT notnull_tbl1_a_not_null NOT NULL;
ERROR: constraint "notnull_tbl1_a_not_null" for relation "notnull_tbl1" already exists
-- DROP NOT NULL gets rid of both the attnotnull flag and the constraint itself
ALTER TABLE notnull_tbl1 ALTER a DROP NOT NULL;
\d+ notnull_tbl1
Table "public.notnull_tbl1"
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
a | integer | | | | plain | |
-- SET NOT NULL puts both back
ALTER TABLE notnull_tbl1 ALTER a SET NOT NULL;
\d+ notnull_tbl1
Table "public.notnull_tbl1"
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
a | integer | | not null | | plain | |
Not-null constraints:
"notnull_tbl1_a_not_null" NOT NULL "a"
-- Doing it twice doesn't create a redundant constraint
ALTER TABLE notnull_tbl1 ALTER a SET NOT NULL;
select conname, contype, conkey from pg_constraint where conrelid = 'notnull_tbl1'::regclass;
conname | contype | conkey
-------------------------+---------+--------
notnull_tbl1_a_not_null | n | {1}
(1 row)
-- Using the "table constraint" syntax also works
ALTER TABLE notnull_tbl1 ALTER a DROP NOT NULL;
ALTER TABLE notnull_tbl1 ADD CONSTRAINT foobar NOT NULL a;
\d+ notnull_tbl1
Table "public.notnull_tbl1"
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
a | integer | | not null | | plain | |
Not-null constraints:
"foobar" NOT NULL "a"
DROP TABLE notnull_tbl1;
-- Verify that constraint names and NO INHERIT are properly considered when
-- multiple constraint are specified, either explicitly or via SERIAL/PK/etc,
-- and that conflicting cases are rejected. Mind that table constraints
-- handle this separately from column constraints.
create table notnull_tbl1 (a int primary key constraint foo not null);
\d+ notnull_tbl1
Table "public.notnull_tbl1"
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
a | integer | | not null | | plain | |
Indexes:
"notnull_tbl1_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (a)
Not-null constraints:
"foo" NOT NULL "a"
create table notnull_tbl2 (a serial, constraint foo not null a);
\d+ notnull_tbl2
Table "public.notnull_tbl2"
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description
--------+---------+-----------+----------+-----------------------------------------+---------+--------------+-------------
a | integer | | not null | nextval('notnull_tbl2_a_seq'::regclass) | plain | |
Not-null constraints:
"foo" NOT NULL "a"
create table notnull_tbl3 (constraint foo not null a, a int generated by default as identity);
\d+ notnull_tbl3
Table "public.notnull_tbl3"
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description
--------+---------+-----------+----------+----------------------------------+---------+--------------+-------------
a | integer | | not null | generated by default as identity | plain | |
Not-null constraints:
"foo" NOT NULL "a"
create table notnull_tbl4 (a int not null constraint foo not null);
\d+ notnull_tbl4
Table "public.notnull_tbl4"
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
a | integer | | not null | | plain | |
Not-null constraints:
"foo" NOT NULL "a"
create table notnull_tbl5 (a int constraint foo not null constraint foo not null);
\d+ notnull_tbl5
Table "public.notnull_tbl5"
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
a | integer | | not null | | plain | |
Not-null constraints:
"foo" NOT NULL "a"
create table notnull_tbl6 (like notnull_tbl1, constraint foo not null a);
\d+ notnull_tbl6
Table "public.notnull_tbl6"
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
a | integer | | not null | | plain | |
Not-null constraints:
"foo" NOT NULL "a"
drop table notnull_tbl2, notnull_tbl3, notnull_tbl4, notnull_tbl5, notnull_tbl6;
-- error cases:
create table notnull_tbl_fail (a serial constraint foo not null constraint bar not null);
ERROR: conflicting not-null constraint names "foo" and "bar"
create table notnull_tbl_fail (a serial constraint foo not null no inherit constraint foo not null);
ERROR: conflicting NO INHERIT declarations for not-null constraints on column "a"
create table notnull_tbl_fail (a int constraint foo not null, constraint foo not null a no inherit);
ERROR: conflicting NO INHERIT declaration for not-null constraint on column "a"
create table notnull_tbl_fail (a serial constraint foo not null, constraint bar not null a);
ERROR: conflicting not-null constraint names "foo" and "bar"
create table notnull_tbl_fail (a serial, constraint foo not null a, constraint bar not null a);
ERROR: conflicting not-null constraint names "foo" and "bar"
create table notnull_tbl_fail (a serial, constraint foo not null a no inherit);
ERROR: conflicting NO INHERIT declaration for not-null constraint on column "a"
create table notnull_tbl_fail (a serial not null no inherit);
ERROR: conflicting NO INHERIT declarations for not-null constraints on column "a"
create table notnull_tbl_fail (like notnull_tbl1, constraint foo2 not null a);
ERROR: conflicting not-null constraint names "foo" and "foo2"
create table notnull_tbl_fail (a int primary key constraint foo not null no inherit);
ERROR: conflicting NO INHERIT declarations for not-null constraints on column "a"
create table notnull_tbl_fail (a int not null no inherit primary key);
ERROR: conflicting NO INHERIT declarations for not-null constraints on column "a"
create table notnull_tbl_fail (a int primary key, not null a no inherit);
ERROR: conflicting NO INHERIT declaration for not-null constraint on column "a"
create table notnull_tbl_fail (a int, primary key(a), not null a no inherit);
ERROR: conflicting NO INHERIT declaration for not-null constraint on column "a"
create table notnull_tbl_fail (a int generated by default as identity, constraint foo not null a no inherit);
ERROR: conflicting NO INHERIT declaration for not-null constraint on column "a"
create table notnull_tbl_fail (a int generated by default as identity not null no inherit);
ERROR: conflicting NO INHERIT declarations for not-null constraints on column "a"
drop table notnull_tbl1;
-- NOT NULL NO INHERIT
CREATE TABLE ATACC1 (a int, NOT NULL a NO INHERIT);
CREATE TABLE ATACC2 () INHERITS (ATACC1);
\d+ ATACC2
Table "public.atacc2"
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
a | integer | | | | plain | |
Inherits: atacc1
DROP TABLE ATACC1, ATACC2;
CREATE TABLE ATACC1 (a int);
ALTER TABLE ATACC1 ADD NOT NULL a NO INHERIT;
CREATE TABLE ATACC2 () INHERITS (ATACC1);
\d+ ATACC2
Table "public.atacc2"
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
a | integer | | | | plain | |
Inherits: atacc1
DROP TABLE ATACC1, ATACC2;
CREATE TABLE ATACC1 (a int);
CREATE TABLE ATACC2 () INHERITS (ATACC1);
ALTER TABLE ATACC1 ADD NOT NULL a NO INHERIT;
\d+ ATACC2
Table "public.atacc2"
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
a | integer | | | | plain | |
Inherits: atacc1
CREATE TABLE ATACC3 (PRIMARY KEY (a)) INHERITS (ATACC1);
\d+ ATACC3
Table "public.atacc3"
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
a | integer | | not null | | plain | |
Indexes:
"atacc3_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (a)
Not-null constraints:
"atacc3_a_not_null" NOT NULL "a"
Inherits: atacc1
DROP TABLE ATACC1, ATACC2, ATACC3;
-- NOT NULL NO INHERIT is not possible on partitioned tables
CREATE TABLE ATACC1 (a int NOT NULL NO INHERIT) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
ERROR: not-null constraints on partitioned tables cannot be NO INHERIT
CREATE TABLE ATACC1 (a int, NOT NULL a NO INHERIT) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
ERROR: not-null constraints on partitioned tables cannot be NO INHERIT
-- it's not possible to override a no-inherit constraint with an inheritable one
CREATE TABLE ATACC2 (a int, CONSTRAINT a_is_not_null NOT NULL a NO INHERIT);
CREATE TABLE ATACC1 (a int);
CREATE TABLE ATACC3 (a int) INHERITS (ATACC2);
NOTICE: merging column "a" with inherited definition
ALTER TABLE ATACC2 INHERIT ATACC1;
-- can't override
ALTER TABLE ATACC1 ADD CONSTRAINT ditto NOT NULL a;
ERROR: cannot change NO INHERIT status of NOT NULL constraint "a_is_not_null" on relation "atacc2"
HINT: You might need to make the existing constraint inheritable using ALTER TABLE ... ALTER CONSTRAINT ... INHERIT.
-- dropping the NO INHERIT constraint allows this to work
ALTER TABLE ATACC2 DROP CONSTRAINT a_is_not_null;
ALTER TABLE ATACC1 ADD CONSTRAINT ditto NOT NULL a;
\d+ ATACC3
Table "public.atacc3"
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
a | integer | | not null | | plain | |
Not-null constraints:
"ditto" NOT NULL "a" (inherited)
Inherits: atacc2
DROP TABLE ATACC1, ATACC2, ATACC3;
-- Can't have two constraints with the same name
CREATE TABLE notnull_tbl2 (a INTEGER CONSTRAINT blah NOT NULL, b INTEGER CONSTRAINT blah NOT NULL);
ERROR: constraint "blah" for relation "notnull_tbl2" already exists
-- can't drop not-null in primary key
CREATE TABLE notnull_tbl2 (a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY);
ALTER TABLE notnull_tbl2 ALTER a DROP NOT NULL;
ERROR: column "a" is in a primary key
DROP TABLE notnull_tbl2;
CREATE TABLE notnull_tbl3 (a INTEGER NOT NULL, CHECK (a IS NOT NULL));
ALTER TABLE notnull_tbl3 ALTER A DROP NOT NULL;
ALTER TABLE notnull_tbl3 ADD b int, ADD CONSTRAINT pk PRIMARY KEY (a, b);
\d notnull_tbl3
Table "public.notnull_tbl3"
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
a | integer | | not null |
b | integer | | not null |
Indexes:
"pk" PRIMARY KEY, btree (a, b)
Check constraints:
"notnull_tbl3_a_check" CHECK (a IS NOT NULL)
ALTER TABLE notnull_tbl3 DROP CONSTRAINT pk;
\d notnull_tbl3
Table "public.notnull_tbl3"
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
a | integer | | not null |
b | integer | | not null |
Check constraints:
"notnull_tbl3_a_check" CHECK (a IS NOT NULL)
-- Primary keys cause not-null constraints to be created.
CREATE TABLE cnn_pk (a int, b int);
CREATE TABLE cnn_pk_child () INHERITS (cnn_pk);
ALTER TABLE cnn_pk ADD CONSTRAINT cnn_primarykey PRIMARY KEY (b);
\d+ cnn_pk*
Table "public.cnn_pk"
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
a | integer | | | | plain | |
b | integer | | not null | | plain | |
Indexes:
"cnn_primarykey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (b)
Not-null constraints:
"cnn_pk_b_not_null" NOT NULL "b"
Child tables: cnn_pk_child
Table "public.cnn_pk_child"
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
a | integer | | | | plain | |
b | integer | | not null | | plain | |
Not-null constraints:
"cnn_pk_b_not_null" NOT NULL "b" (inherited)
Inherits: cnn_pk
ALTER TABLE cnn_pk DROP CONSTRAINT cnn_primarykey;
\d+ cnn_pk*
Table "public.cnn_pk"
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
a | integer | | | | plain | |
b | integer | | not null | | plain | |
Not-null constraints:
"cnn_pk_b_not_null" NOT NULL "b"
Child tables: cnn_pk_child
Table "public.cnn_pk_child"
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
a | integer | | | | plain | |
b | integer | | not null | | plain | |
Not-null constraints:
"cnn_pk_b_not_null" NOT NULL "b" (inherited)
Inherits: cnn_pk
DROP TABLE cnn_pk, cnn_pk_child;
-- As above, but create the primary key ahead of time
CREATE TABLE cnn_pk (a int, b int, CONSTRAINT cnn_primarykey PRIMARY KEY (b));
CREATE TABLE cnn_pk_child () INHERITS (cnn_pk);
\d+ cnn_pk*
Table "public.cnn_pk"
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
a | integer | | | | plain | |
b | integer | | not null | | plain | |
Indexes:
"cnn_primarykey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (b)
Not-null constraints:
"cnn_pk_b_not_null" NOT NULL "b"
Child tables: cnn_pk_child
Table "public.cnn_pk_child"
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
a | integer | | | | plain | |
b | integer | | not null | | plain | |
Not-null constraints:
"cnn_pk_b_not_null" NOT NULL "b" (inherited)
Inherits: cnn_pk
ALTER TABLE cnn_pk DROP CONSTRAINT cnn_primarykey;
\d+ cnn_pk*
Table "public.cnn_pk"
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
a | integer | | | | plain | |
b | integer | | not null | | plain | |
Not-null constraints:
"cnn_pk_b_not_null" NOT NULL "b"
Child tables: cnn_pk_child
Table "public.cnn_pk_child"
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
a | integer | | | | plain | |
b | integer | | not null | | plain | |
Not-null constraints:
"cnn_pk_b_not_null" NOT NULL "b" (inherited)
Inherits: cnn_pk
DROP TABLE cnn_pk, cnn_pk_child;
-- As above, but create the primary key using a UNIQUE index
CREATE TABLE cnn_pk (a int, b int);
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX cnn_uq ON cnn_pk (b);
CREATE TABLE cnn_pk_child () INHERITS (cnn_pk);
ALTER TABLE cnn_pk ADD CONSTRAINT cnn_primarykey PRIMARY KEY USING INDEX cnn_uq;
NOTICE: ALTER TABLE / ADD CONSTRAINT USING INDEX will rename index "cnn_uq" to "cnn_primarykey"
\d+ cnn_pk*
Table "public.cnn_pk"
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
a | integer | | | | plain | |
b | integer | | not null | | plain | |
Indexes:
"cnn_primarykey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (b)
Not-null constraints:
"cnn_pk_b_not_null" NOT NULL "b"
Child tables: cnn_pk_child
Table "public.cnn_pk_child"
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
a | integer | | | | plain | |
b | integer | | not null | | plain | |
Not-null constraints:
"cnn_pk_b_not_null" NOT NULL "b" (inherited)
Inherits: cnn_pk
DROP TABLE cnn_pk, cnn_pk_child;
-- Unique constraints don't give raise to not-null constraints, however.
create table cnn_uq (a int);
alter table cnn_uq add unique (a);
\d+ cnn_uq
Table "public.cnn_uq"
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
a | integer | | | | plain | |
Indexes:
"cnn_uq_a_key" UNIQUE CONSTRAINT, btree (a)
drop table cnn_uq;
create table cnn_uq (a int);
create unique index cnn_uq_idx on cnn_uq (a);
alter table cnn_uq add unique using index cnn_uq_idx;
\d+ cnn_uq
Table "public.cnn_uq"
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
a | integer | | | | plain | |
Indexes:
"cnn_uq_idx" UNIQUE CONSTRAINT, btree (a)
-- can't create a primary key on a noinherit not-null
create table cnn_pk (a int not null no inherit);
alter table cnn_pk add primary key (a);
ERROR: cannot create primary key on column "a"
DETAIL: The constraint "cnn_pk_a_not_null" on column "a" of table "cnn_pk", marked NO INHERIT, is incompatible with a primary key.
HINT: You might need to make the existing constraint inheritable using ALTER TABLE ... ALTER CONSTRAINT ... INHERIT.
drop table cnn_pk;
-- Ensure partitions are scanned for null values when adding a PK
create table cnn2_parted(a int) partition by list (a);
create table cnn_part1 partition of cnn2_parted for values in (1, null);
insert into cnn_part1 values (null);
alter table cnn2_parted add primary key (a);
ERROR: column "a" of relation "cnn_part1" contains null values
drop table cnn2_parted;
-- columns in regular and LIKE inheritance should be marked not-nullable
-- for primary keys, even if those are deferred
CREATE TABLE notnull_tbl4 (a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY INITIALLY DEFERRED);
CREATE TABLE notnull_tbl4_lk (LIKE notnull_tbl4);
CREATE TABLE notnull_tbl4_lk2 (LIKE notnull_tbl4 INCLUDING INDEXES);
CREATE TABLE notnull_tbl4_lk3 (LIKE notnull_tbl4 INCLUDING INDEXES, NOT NULL a);
ALTER TABLE notnull_tbl4_lk3 RENAME CONSTRAINT notnull_tbl4_a_not_null TO a_nn;
CREATE TABLE notnull_tbl4_cld () INHERITS (notnull_tbl4);
CREATE TABLE notnull_tbl4_cld2 (PRIMARY KEY (a) DEFERRABLE) INHERITS (notnull_tbl4);
CREATE TABLE notnull_tbl4_cld3 (PRIMARY KEY (a) DEFERRABLE, CONSTRAINT a_nn NOT NULL a) INHERITS (notnull_tbl4);
\d+ notnull_tbl4
Table "public.notnull_tbl4"
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
a | integer | | not null | | plain | |
Indexes:
"notnull_tbl4_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (a) DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED
Not-null constraints:
"notnull_tbl4_a_not_null" NOT NULL "a"
Child tables: notnull_tbl4_cld,
notnull_tbl4_cld2,
notnull_tbl4_cld3
\d+ notnull_tbl4_lk
Table "public.notnull_tbl4_lk"
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
a | integer | | not null | | plain | |
Not-null constraints:
"notnull_tbl4_a_not_null" NOT NULL "a"
\d+ notnull_tbl4_lk2
Table "public.notnull_tbl4_lk2"
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
a | integer | | not null | | plain | |
Indexes:
"notnull_tbl4_lk2_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (a) DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED
Not-null constraints:
"notnull_tbl4_a_not_null" NOT NULL "a"
\d+ notnull_tbl4_lk3
Table "public.notnull_tbl4_lk3"
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
a | integer | | not null | | plain | |
Indexes:
"notnull_tbl4_lk3_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (a) DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED
Not-null constraints:
"a_nn" NOT NULL "a"
\d+ notnull_tbl4_cld
Table "public.notnull_tbl4_cld"
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
a | integer | | not null | | plain | |
Not-null constraints:
"notnull_tbl4_a_not_null" NOT NULL "a" (inherited)
Inherits: notnull_tbl4
\d+ notnull_tbl4_cld2
Table "public.notnull_tbl4_cld2"
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
a | integer | | not null | | plain | |
Indexes:
"notnull_tbl4_cld2_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (a) DEFERRABLE
Not-null constraints:
"notnull_tbl4_cld2_a_not_null" NOT NULL "a" (local, inherited)
Inherits: notnull_tbl4
\d+ notnull_tbl4_cld3
Table "public.notnull_tbl4_cld3"
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
a | integer | | not null | | plain | |
Indexes:
"notnull_tbl4_cld3_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (a) DEFERRABLE
Not-null constraints:
"a_nn" NOT NULL "a" (local, inherited)
Inherits: notnull_tbl4
-- leave these tables around for pg_upgrade testing
-- It's possible to remove a constraint from parents without affecting children
CREATE TABLE notnull_tbl5 (a int CONSTRAINT ann NOT NULL,
b int CONSTRAINT bnn NOT NULL);
CREATE TABLE notnull_tbl5_child () INHERITS (notnull_tbl5);
ALTER TABLE ONLY notnull_tbl5 DROP CONSTRAINT ann;
ALTER TABLE ONLY notnull_tbl5 ALTER b DROP NOT NULL;
\d+ notnull_tbl5_child
Table "public.notnull_tbl5_child"
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
a | integer | | not null | | plain | |
b | integer | | not null | | plain | |
Not-null constraints:
"ann" NOT NULL "a"
"bnn" NOT NULL "b"
Inherits: notnull_tbl5
CREATE TABLE notnull_tbl6 (a int CONSTRAINT ann NOT NULL,
b int CONSTRAINT bnn NOT NULL, check (a > 0)) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
CREATE TABLE notnull_tbl6_1 PARTITION OF notnull_tbl6 FOR VALUES IN (1);
ALTER TABLE ONLY notnull_tbl6 DROP CONSTRAINT ann;
ALTER TABLE ONLY notnull_tbl6 ALTER b DROP NOT NULL;
\d+ notnull_tbl6_1
Table "public.notnull_tbl6_1"
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
a | integer | | not null | | plain | |
b | integer | | not null | | plain | |
Partition of: notnull_tbl6 FOR VALUES IN (1)
Partition constraint: ((a IS NOT NULL) AND (a = 1))
Check constraints:
"notnull_tbl6_a_check" CHECK (a > 0)
Not-null constraints:
"ann" NOT NULL "a"
"bnn" NOT NULL "b"
-- NOT NULL NOT VALID
PREPARE get_nnconstraint_info(regclass[]) AS
SELECT conrelid::regclass as tabname, conname, convalidated, conislocal, coninhcount
FROM pg_constraint
WHERE conrelid = ANY($1)
ORDER BY conrelid::regclass::text COLLATE "C", conname;
CREATE TABLE notnull_tbl1 (a int, b int);
INSERT INTO notnull_tbl1 VALUES (NULL, 1), (300, 3);
ALTER TABLE notnull_tbl1 ADD CONSTRAINT nn NOT NULL a; -- error
ERROR: column "a" of relation "notnull_tbl1" contains null values
ALTER TABLE notnull_tbl1 ADD CONSTRAINT nn NOT NULL a NOT VALID; -- ok
-- even an invalid not-null forbids new nulls
INSERT INTO notnull_tbl1 VALUES (NULL, 4);
ERROR: null value in column "a" of relation "notnull_tbl1" violates not-null constraint
DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 4).
\d+ notnull_tbl1
Table "public.notnull_tbl1"
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
a | integer | | not null | | plain | |
b | integer | | | | plain | |
Not-null constraints:
"nn" NOT NULL "a" NOT VALID
-- If we have an invalid constraint, we can't have another
ALTER TABLE notnull_tbl1 ADD CONSTRAINT nn1 NOT NULL a NOT VALID NO INHERIT;
ERROR: cannot change NO INHERIT status of NOT NULL constraint "nn" on relation "notnull_tbl1"
HINT: You might need to make the existing constraint inheritable using ALTER TABLE ... ALTER CONSTRAINT ... INHERIT.
ALTER TABLE notnull_tbl1 ADD CONSTRAINT nn NOT NULL a;
ERROR: incompatible NOT VALID constraint "nn" on relation "notnull_tbl1"
HINT: You might need to validate it using ALTER TABLE ... VALIDATE CONSTRAINT.
-- cannot add primary key on a column with an invalid not-null
ALTER TABLE notnull_tbl1 ADD PRIMARY KEY (a);
ERROR: cannot create primary key on column "a"
DETAIL: The constraint "nn" on column "a" of table "notnull_tbl1", marked NOT VALID, is incompatible with a primary key.
HINT: You might need to validate it using ALTER TABLE ... VALIDATE CONSTRAINT.
-- cannot set column as generated-as-identity if it has an invalid not-null
ALTER TABLE notnull_tbl1 ALTER COLUMN a ADD GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY;
ERROR: incompatible NOT VALID constraint "nn" on relation "notnull_tbl1"
HINT: You might need to validate it using ALTER TABLE ... VALIDATE CONSTRAINT.
-- ALTER column SET NOT NULL validates an invalid constraint (but this fails
-- because of rows with null values)
ALTER TABLE notnull_tbl1 ALTER a SET NOT NULL;
ERROR: column "a" of relation "notnull_tbl1" contains null values
\d+ notnull_tbl1
Table "public.notnull_tbl1"
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
a | integer | | not null | | plain | |
b | integer | | | | plain | |
Not-null constraints:
"nn" NOT NULL "a" NOT VALID
-- Creating a derived table using LIKE gets the constraint, but it's valid
CREATE TABLE notnull_tbl1_copy (LIKE notnull_tbl1);
EXECUTE get_nnconstraint_info('{notnull_tbl1_copy}');
tabname | conname | convalidated | conislocal | coninhcount
-------------------+---------+--------------+------------+-------------
notnull_tbl1_copy | nn | t | t | 0
(1 row)
-- An inheritance child table gets the constraint, but it's valid
CREATE TABLE notnull_tbl1_child (a int, b int) INHERITS (notnull_tbl1);
NOTICE: merging column "a" with inherited definition
NOTICE: merging column "b" with inherited definition
EXECUTE get_nnconstraint_info('{notnull_tbl1_child, notnull_tbl1}');
tabname | conname | convalidated | conislocal | coninhcount
--------------------+---------+--------------+------------+-------------
notnull_tbl1 | nn | f | t | 0
notnull_tbl1_child | nn | t | f | 1
(2 rows)
-- Also try inheritance added after table creation
CREATE TABLE notnull_tbl1_child2 (c int, b int, a int);
ALTER TABLE notnull_tbl1_child2 INHERIT notnull_tbl1; -- nope
ERROR: column "a" in child table "notnull_tbl1_child2" must be marked NOT NULL
ALTER TABLE notnull_tbl1_child2 ADD NOT NULL a NOT VALID;
ALTER TABLE notnull_tbl1_child2 INHERIT notnull_tbl1;
EXECUTE get_nnconstraint_info('{notnull_tbl1_child2}');
tabname | conname | convalidated | conislocal | coninhcount
---------------------+--------------------------------+--------------+------------+-------------
notnull_tbl1_child2 | notnull_tbl1_child2_a_not_null | f | t | 1
(1 row)
--table rewrite won't validate invalid constraint
ALTER TABLE notnull_tbl1 ADD column d float8 default random();
-- VALIDATE CONSTRAINT scans the table
ALTER TABLE notnull_tbl1 VALIDATE CONSTRAINT nn; -- error, nulls exist
ERROR: column "a" of relation "notnull_tbl1" contains null values
UPDATE notnull_tbl1 SET a = 100 WHERE b = 1;
ALTER TABLE notnull_tbl1 VALIDATE CONSTRAINT nn; -- now ok
EXECUTE get_nnconstraint_info('{notnull_tbl1}');
tabname | conname | convalidated | conislocal | coninhcount
--------------+---------+--------------+------------+-------------
notnull_tbl1 | nn | t | t | 0
(1 row)
--- now we can add primary key
ALTER TABLE notnull_tbl1 ADD PRIMARY KEY (a);
DROP TABLE notnull_tbl1, notnull_tbl1_child, notnull_tbl1_child2;
-- dropping an invalid constraint is possible
CREATE TABLE notnull_tbl1 (a int, b int);
ALTER TABLE notnull_tbl1 ADD NOT NULL a NOT VALID,
ADD NOT NULL b NOT VALID;
ALTER TABLE notnull_tbl1 ALTER a DROP NOT NULL;
ALTER TABLE notnull_tbl1 DROP CONSTRAINT notnull_tbl1_b_not_null;
DROP TABLE notnull_tbl1;
-- ALTER .. NO INHERIT works for invalid constraints
CREATE TABLE notnull_tbl1 (a int);
CREATE TABLE notnull_tbl1_chld () INHERITS (notnull_tbl1);
ALTER TABLE notnull_tbl1 ADD CONSTRAINT nntbl1_a NOT NULL a NOT VALID;
ALTER TABLE notnull_tbl1 ALTER CONSTRAINT nntbl1_a NO INHERIT;
-- DROP CONSTRAINT recurses correctly on invalid constraints
ALTER TABLE notnull_tbl1 ALTER CONSTRAINT nntbl1_a INHERIT;
ALTER TABLE notnull_tbl1 DROP CONSTRAINT nntbl1_a;
DROP TABLE notnull_tbl1, notnull_tbl1_chld;
-- if a parent has a valid not null constraint then a child table cannot
-- have an invalid one
CREATE TABLE notnull_tbl1 (a int);
ALTER TABLE notnull_tbl1 ADD CONSTRAINT nn_parent NOT NULL a not valid;
CREATE TABLE notnull_chld0 (a int, CONSTRAINT nn_chld0 NOT NULL a);
ALTER TABLE notnull_tbl1 INHERIT notnull_chld0; --error
ERROR: constraint "nn_parent" conflicts with NOT VALID constraint on child table "notnull_tbl1"
ALTER TABLE notnull_chld0 DROP CONSTRAINT nn_chld0;
ALTER TABLE notnull_chld0 ADD CONSTRAINT nn_chld0 NOT NULL a not valid;
ALTER TABLE notnull_tbl1 INHERIT notnull_chld0; --now ok
-- parents and child not-null will all be validated.
ALTER TABLE notnull_tbl1 VALIDATE CONSTRAINT nn_parent;
EXECUTE get_nnconstraint_info('{notnull_tbl1, notnull_chld0}');
tabname | conname | convalidated | conislocal | coninhcount
---------------+-----------+--------------+------------+-------------
notnull_chld0 | nn_chld0 | f | t | 0
notnull_tbl1 | nn_parent | t | t | 1
(2 rows)
DROP TABLE notnull_tbl1, notnull_chld0;
-- Test invalid not null on inheritance table.
CREATE TABLE notnull_inhparent (i int);
CREATE TABLE notnull_inhchild (i int) INHERITS (notnull_inhparent);
NOTICE: merging column "i" with inherited definition
CREATE TABLE notnull_inhgrand () INHERITS (notnull_inhparent, notnull_inhchild);
NOTICE: merging multiple inherited definitions of column "i"
ALTER TABLE notnull_inhparent ADD CONSTRAINT nn NOT NULL i NOT VALID;
ALTER TABLE notnull_inhchild ADD CONSTRAINT nn1 NOT NULL i; -- error
ERROR: incompatible NOT VALID constraint "nn" on relation "notnull_inhchild"
HINT: You might need to validate it using ALTER TABLE ... VALIDATE CONSTRAINT.
EXECUTE get_nnconstraint_info('{notnull_inhparent, notnull_inhchild, notnull_inhgrand}');
tabname | conname | convalidated | conislocal | coninhcount
-------------------+---------+--------------+------------+-------------
notnull_inhchild | nn | f | f | 1
notnull_inhgrand | nn | f | f | 2
notnull_inhparent | nn | f | t | 0
(3 rows)
ALTER TABLE notnull_inhparent ALTER i SET NOT NULL; -- ok
EXECUTE get_nnconstraint_info('{notnull_inhparent, notnull_inhchild, notnull_inhgrand}');
tabname | conname | convalidated | conislocal | coninhcount
-------------------+---------+--------------+------------+-------------
notnull_inhchild | nn | t | f | 1
notnull_inhgrand | nn | t | f | 2
notnull_inhparent | nn | t | t | 0
(3 rows)
DROP TABLE notnull_inhparent, notnull_inhchild, notnull_inhgrand;
-- Verify NOT NULL VALID/NOT VALID with partition table.
DROP TABLE notnull_tbl1;
ERROR: table "notnull_tbl1" does not exist
CREATE TABLE notnull_tbl1 (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
ALTER TABLE notnull_tbl1 ADD CONSTRAINT notnull_con NOT NULL a NOT VALID; --ok
CREATE TABLE notnull_tbl1_1 PARTITION OF notnull_tbl1 FOR VALUES IN (1,2);
CREATE TABLE notnull_tbl1_2(a int, CONSTRAINT nn2 NOT NULL a, b int);
ALTER TABLE notnull_tbl1 ATTACH PARTITION notnull_tbl1_2 FOR VALUES IN (3,4);
CREATE TABLE notnull_tbl1_3(a int, b int);
INSERT INTO notnull_tbl1_3 values(NULL,1);
ALTER TABLE notnull_tbl1_3 add CONSTRAINT nn3 NOT NULL a NOT VALID;
ALTER TABLE notnull_tbl1 ATTACH PARTITION notnull_tbl1_3 FOR VALUES IN (NULL,5);
EXECUTE get_nnconstraint_info('{notnull_tbl1, notnull_tbl1_1, notnull_tbl1_2, notnull_tbl1_3}');
tabname | conname | convalidated | conislocal | coninhcount
----------------+-------------+--------------+------------+-------------
notnull_tbl1 | notnull_con | f | t | 0
notnull_tbl1_1 | notnull_con | t | f | 1
notnull_tbl1_2 | nn2 | t | f | 1
notnull_tbl1_3 | nn3 | f | f | 1
(4 rows)
ALTER TABLE notnull_tbl1 ALTER COLUMN a SET NOT NULL; --error, notnull_tbl1_3 have null values
ERROR: column "a" of relation "notnull_tbl1_3" contains null values
ALTER TABLE notnull_tbl1_3 VALIDATE CONSTRAINT nn3; --error
ERROR: column "a" of relation "notnull_tbl1_3" contains null values
TRUNCATE notnull_tbl1;
ALTER TABLE notnull_tbl1 ALTER COLUMN a SET NOT NULL; --OK
EXECUTE get_nnconstraint_info('{notnull_tbl1, notnull_tbl1_1, notnull_tbl1_2, notnull_tbl1_3}');
tabname | conname | convalidated | conislocal | coninhcount
----------------+-------------+--------------+------------+-------------
notnull_tbl1 | notnull_con | t | t | 0
notnull_tbl1_1 | notnull_con | t | f | 1
notnull_tbl1_2 | nn2 | t | f | 1
notnull_tbl1_3 | nn3 | t | f | 1
(4 rows)
DROP TABLE notnull_tbl1;
-- partitioned table have not-null, then the partitions can not be NOT NULL NOT VALID.
CREATE TABLE pp_nn (a int, b int, NOT NULL a) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
CREATE TABLE pp_nn_1(a int, b int);
ALTER TABLE pp_nn_1 ADD CONSTRAINT nn1 NOT NULL a NOT VALID;
ALTER TABLE pp_nn ATTACH PARTITION pp_nn_1 FOR VALUES IN (NULL,5); --error
ERROR: constraint "nn1" conflicts with NOT VALID constraint on child table "pp_nn_1"
ALTER TABLE pp_nn_1 VALIDATE CONSTRAINT nn1;
ALTER TABLE pp_nn ATTACH PARTITION pp_nn_1 FOR VALUES IN (NULL,5); --ok
DROP TABLE pp_nn;
-- Try a partition with an invalid constraint and create a PK on the parent.
CREATE TABLE pp_nn (a int) PARTITION BY HASH (a);
CREATE TABLE pp_nn_1 PARTITION OF pp_nn FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 2, REMAINDER 0);
ALTER TABLE pp_nn_1 ADD CONSTRAINT nn NOT NULL a NOT VALID;
ALTER TABLE ONLY pp_nn ADD PRIMARY KEY (a);
ERROR: cannot create primary key on column "a"
DETAIL: The constraint "nn" on column "a" of table "pp_nn_1", marked NOT VALID, is incompatible with a primary key.
HINT: You might need to validate it using ALTER TABLE ... VALIDATE CONSTRAINT.
DROP TABLE pp_nn;
-- same as above, but the constraint is NO INHERIT
CREATE TABLE pp_nn (a int) PARTITION BY HASH (a);
CREATE TABLE pp_nn_1 PARTITION OF pp_nn FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 2, REMAINDER 0);
ALTER TABLE pp_nn_1 ADD CONSTRAINT nn NOT NULL a NO INHERIT;
ALTER TABLE ONLY pp_nn ADD PRIMARY KEY (a);
ERROR: cannot create primary key on column "a"
DETAIL: The constraint "nn" on column "a" of table "pp_nn_1", marked NO INHERIT, is incompatible with a primary key.
HINT: You might need to make the existing constraint inheritable using ALTER TABLE ... ALTER CONSTRAINT ... INHERIT.
DROP TABLE pp_nn;
-- Create table with NOT NULL INVALID constraint, for pg_upgrade.
CREATE TABLE notnull_tbl1_upg (a int, b int);
INSERT INTO notnull_tbl1_upg VALUES (NULL, 1), (NULL, 2), (300, 3);
ALTER TABLE notnull_tbl1_upg ADD CONSTRAINT nn NOT NULL a NOT VALID;
-- Inherit test for pg_upgrade
CREATE TABLE notnull_parent_upg (a int);
CREATE TABLE notnull_child_upg () INHERITS (notnull_parent_upg);
ALTER TABLE notnull_child_upg ADD CONSTRAINT nn NOT NULL a;
ALTER TABLE notnull_parent_upg ADD CONSTRAINT nn NOT NULL a NOT VALID;
SELECT conrelid::regclass, contype, convalidated, conislocal
FROM pg_catalog.pg_constraint
WHERE conrelid in ('notnull_parent_upg'::regclass, 'notnull_child_upg'::regclass)
ORDER BY 1;
conrelid | contype | convalidated | conislocal
--------------------+---------+--------------+------------
notnull_parent_upg | n | f | t
notnull_child_upg | n | t | t
(2 rows)
-- Partition table test, for pg_upgrade
CREATE TABLE notnull_part1_upg (a int, b int) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
ALTER TABLE notnull_part1_upg ADD CONSTRAINT notnull_con NOT NULL a NOT VALID; --ok
CREATE TABLE notnull_part1_1_upg PARTITION OF notnull_part1_upg FOR VALUES IN (1,2);
CREATE TABLE notnull_part1_2_upg (a int, CONSTRAINT nn2 NOT NULL a, b int);
ALTER TABLE notnull_part1_upg ATTACH PARTITION notnull_part1_2_upg FOR VALUES IN (3,4);
CREATE TABLE notnull_part1_3_upg (a int, b int);
INSERT INTO notnull_part1_3_upg values(NULL,1);
ALTER TABLE notnull_part1_3_upg add CONSTRAINT nn3 NOT NULL a NOT VALID;
ALTER TABLE notnull_part1_upg ATTACH PARTITION notnull_part1_3_upg FOR VALUES IN (NULL,5);
EXECUTE get_nnconstraint_info('{notnull_part1_upg, notnull_part1_1_upg, notnull_part1_2_upg, notnull_part1_3_upg}');
tabname | conname | convalidated | conislocal | coninhcount
---------------------+-------------+--------------+------------+-------------
notnull_part1_1_upg | notnull_con | t | f | 1
notnull_part1_2_upg | nn2 | t | f | 1
notnull_part1_3_upg | nn3 | f | f | 1
notnull_part1_upg | notnull_con | f | t | 0
(4 rows)
-- Inheritance test tables for pg_upgrade
create table constr_parent (a int);
create table constr_child (a int) inherits (constr_parent);
NOTICE: merging column "a" with inherited definition
alter table constr_parent add not null a not valid;
alter table constr_child validate constraint constr_parent_a_not_null;
EXECUTE get_nnconstraint_info('{constr_parent, constr_child}');
tabname | conname | convalidated | conislocal | coninhcount
---------------+--------------------------+--------------+------------+-------------
constr_child | constr_parent_a_not_null | t | f | 1
constr_parent | constr_parent_a_not_null | f | t | 0
(2 rows)
create table constr_parent2 (a int);
create table constr_child2 () inherits (constr_parent2);
alter table constr_parent2 add not null a not valid;
alter table constr_child2 validate constraint constr_parent2_a_not_null;
EXECUTE get_nnconstraint_info('{constr_parent2, constr_child2}');
tabname | conname | convalidated | conislocal | coninhcount
----------------+---------------------------+--------------+------------+-------------
constr_child2 | constr_parent2_a_not_null | t | f | 1
constr_parent2 | constr_parent2_a_not_null | f | t | 0
(2 rows)
create table constr_parent3 (a int not null);
create table constr_child3 () inherits (constr_parent2, constr_parent3);
NOTICE: merging multiple inherited definitions of column "a"
EXECUTE get_nnconstraint_info('{constr_parent3, constr_child3}');
tabname | conname | convalidated | conislocal | coninhcount
----------------+---------------------------+--------------+------------+-------------
constr_child3 | constr_parent2_a_not_null | t | f | 2
constr_parent3 | constr_parent3_a_not_null | t | t | 0
(2 rows)
COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT constr_parent2_a_not_null ON constr_parent2 IS 'this constraint is invalid';
COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT constr_parent2_a_not_null ON constr_child2 IS 'this constraint is valid';
DEALLOCATE get_nnconstraint_info;
-- end NOT NULL NOT VALID
-- Comments
-- Setup a low-level role to enforce non-superuser checks.
CREATE ROLE regress_constraint_comments;
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_constraint_comments;
CREATE TABLE constraint_comments_tbl (a int CONSTRAINT the_constraint CHECK (a > 0));
CREATE DOMAIN constraint_comments_dom AS int CONSTRAINT the_constraint CHECK (value > 0);
COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT the_constraint ON constraint_comments_tbl IS 'yes, the comment';
COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT the_constraint ON DOMAIN constraint_comments_dom IS 'yes, another comment';
-- no such constraint
COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT no_constraint ON constraint_comments_tbl IS 'yes, the comment';
ERROR: constraint "no_constraint" for table "constraint_comments_tbl" does not exist
COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT no_constraint ON DOMAIN constraint_comments_dom IS 'yes, another comment';
ERROR: constraint "no_constraint" for domain constraint_comments_dom does not exist
-- no such table/domain
COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT the_constraint ON no_comments_tbl IS 'bad comment';
ERROR: relation "no_comments_tbl" does not exist
COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT the_constraint ON DOMAIN no_comments_dom IS 'another bad comment';
ERROR: type "no_comments_dom" does not exist
COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT the_constraint ON constraint_comments_tbl IS NULL;
COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT the_constraint ON DOMAIN constraint_comments_dom IS NULL;
-- unauthorized user
RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
CREATE ROLE regress_constraint_comments_noaccess;
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_constraint_comments_noaccess;
COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT the_constraint ON constraint_comments_tbl IS 'no, the comment';
ERROR: must be owner of relation constraint_comments_tbl
COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT the_constraint ON DOMAIN constraint_comments_dom IS 'no, another comment';
ERROR: must be owner of type constraint_comments_dom
RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
DROP TABLE constraint_comments_tbl;
DROP DOMAIN constraint_comments_dom;
DROP ROLE regress_constraint_comments;
DROP ROLE regress_constraint_comments_noaccess;
-- Leave some constraints for the pg_upgrade test to pick up
CREATE DOMAIN constraint_comments_dom AS int;
ALTER DOMAIN constraint_comments_dom ADD CONSTRAINT inv_ck CHECK (value > 0) NOT VALID;
COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT inv_ck ON DOMAIN constraint_comments_dom IS 'comment on invalid constraint';
-- Create a table that exercises pg_upgrade
CREATE TABLE regress_notnull1 (a integer);
CREATE TABLE regress_notnull2 () INHERITS (regress_notnull1);
ALTER TABLE ONLY regress_notnull2 ALTER COLUMN a SET NOT NULL;