SELECT t1.a, t2.e FROM J1_TBL t1 (a, b, c), J2_TBL t2 (d, e) WHERE t1.a = t2.d;
-- -- CROSS JOIN -- Qualifications are not allowed on cross joins, -- which degenerate into a standard unqualified inner join. --
SELECT * FROM J1_TBL CROSSJOIN J2_TBL;
-- ambiguous column SELECT i, k, t FROM J1_TBL CROSSJOIN J2_TBL;
-- resolve previous ambiguity by specifying the table name SELECT t1.i, k, t FROM J1_TBL t1 CROSSJOIN J2_TBL t2;
SELECT ii, tt, kk FROM (J1_TBL CROSSJOIN J2_TBL) AS tx (ii, jj, tt, ii2, kk);
SELECT tx.ii, tx.jj, tx.kk FROM (J1_TBL t1 (a, b, c) CROSSJOIN J2_TBL t2 (d, e)) AS tx (ii, jj, tt, ii2, kk);
SELECT * FROM J1_TBL CROSSJOIN J2_TBL a CROSSJOIN J2_TBL b;
-- -- -- Inner joins (equi-joins) -- --
-- -- Inner joins (equi-joins) with USING clause -- The USING syntax changes the shape of the resulting table -- by including a column in the USING clause only once in the result. --
-- Inner equi-join on specified column SELECT * FROM J1_TBL INNERJOIN J2_TBL USING (i);
-- Same as above, slightly different syntax SELECT * FROM J1_TBL JOIN J2_TBL USING (i);
SELECT * FROM J1_TBL t1 (a, b, c) JOIN J2_TBL t2 (a, d) USING (a) ORDERBY a, d;
SELECT * FROM J1_TBL t1 (a, b, c) JOIN J2_TBL t2 (a, b) USING (b) ORDERBY b, t1.a;
-- test join using aliases SELECT * FROM J1_TBL JOIN J2_TBL USING (i) WHERE J1_TBL.t = 'one'; -- ok SELECT * FROM J1_TBL JOIN J2_TBL USING (i) AS x WHERE J1_TBL.t = 'one'; -- ok SELECT * FROM (J1_TBL JOIN J2_TBL USING (i)) AS x WHERE J1_TBL.t = 'one'; -- error SELECT * FROM J1_TBL JOIN J2_TBL USING (i) AS x WHERE x.i = 1; -- ok SELECT * FROM J1_TBL JOIN J2_TBL USING (i) AS x WHERE x.t = 'one'; -- error SELECT * FROM (J1_TBL JOIN J2_TBL USING (i) AS x) AS xx WHERE x.i = 1; -- error (XXX could use better hint) SELECT * FROM J1_TBL a1 JOIN J2_TBL a2 USING (i) AS a1; -- error SELECT x.* FROM J1_TBL JOIN J2_TBL USING (i) AS x WHERE J1_TBL.t = 'one'; SELECT ROW(x.*) FROM J1_TBL JOIN J2_TBL USING (i) AS x WHERE J1_TBL.t = 'one'; SELECT row_to_json(x.*) FROM J1_TBL JOIN J2_TBL USING (i) AS x WHERE J1_TBL.t = 'one';
-- -- NATURAL JOIN -- Inner equi-join on all columns with the same name --
SELECT * FROM J1_TBL NATURALJOIN J2_TBL;
SELECT * FROM J1_TBL t1 (a, b, c) NATURALJOIN J2_TBL t2 (a, d);
SELECT * FROM J1_TBL t1 (a, b, c) NATURALJOIN J2_TBL t2 (d, a);
-- mismatch number of columns -- currently, Postgres will fill in with underlying names SELECT * FROM J1_TBL t1 (a, b) NATURALJOIN J2_TBL t2 (a);
-- -- Inner joins (equi-joins) --
SELECT * FROM J1_TBL JOIN J2_TBL ON (J1_TBL.i = J2_TBL.i);
SELECT * FROM J1_TBL JOIN J2_TBL ON (J1_TBL.i = J2_TBL.k);
-- -- Non-equi-joins --
SELECT * FROM J1_TBL JOIN J2_TBL ON (J1_TBL.i <= J2_TBL.k);
-- -- Outer joins -- Note that OUTER is a noise word --
SELECT * FROM J1_TBL LEFTOUTERJOIN J2_TBL USING (i) ORDERBY i, k, t;
SELECT * FROM J1_TBL LEFTJOIN J2_TBL USING (i) ORDERBY i, k, t;
SELECT * FROM J1_TBL RIGHTOUTERJOIN J2_TBL USING (i);
SELECT * FROM J1_TBL RIGHTJOIN J2_TBL USING (i);
SELECT * FROM J1_TBL FULL OUTERJOIN J2_TBL USING (i) ORDERBY i, k, t;
SELECT * FROM J1_TBL FULL JOIN J2_TBL USING (i) ORDERBY i, k, t;
SELECT * FROM J1_TBL LEFTJOIN J2_TBL USING (i) WHERE (k = 1);
SELECT * FROM J1_TBL LEFTJOIN J2_TBL USING (i) WHERE (i = 1);
-- -- semijoin selectivity for <> -- explain (costs off) select * from tenk1 a, tenk1 b whereexists(select * from tenk1 c where b.twothousand = c.twothousand and b.fivethous <> c.fivethous) and a.tenthous = b.tenthous and a.tenthous < 5000;
-- -- More complicated constructs --
-- -- Multiway full join --
CREATETABLE t1 (name TEXT, n INTEGER); CREATETABLE t2 (name TEXT, n INTEGER); CREATETABLE t3 (name TEXT, n INTEGER);
SELECT * FROM t1 FULL JOIN t2 USING (name) FULL JOIN t3 USING (name);
-- -- Test interactions of join syntax and subqueries --
-- Basic cases (we expect planner to pull up the subquery here) SELECT * FROM
(SELECT * FROM t2) as s2 INNERJOIN
(SELECT * FROM t3) s3 USING (name);
SELECT * FROM
(SELECT * FROM t2) as s2 LEFTJOIN
(SELECT * FROM t3) s3 USING (name);
SELECT * FROM
(SELECT * FROM t2) as s2
FULL JOIN
(SELECT * FROM t3) s3 USING (name);
-- Cases with non-nullable expressions in subquery results; -- make sure these go to null as expected SELECT * FROM
(SELECT name, n as s2_n, 2as s2_2 FROM t2) as s2 NATURALINNERJOIN
(SELECT name, n as s3_n, 3as s3_2 FROM t3) s3;
SELECT * FROM
(SELECT name, n as s2_n, 2as s2_2 FROM t2) as s2 NATURALLEFTJOIN
(SELECT name, n as s3_n, 3as s3_2 FROM t3) s3;
SELECT * FROM
(SELECT name, n as s2_n, 2as s2_2 FROM t2) as s2 NATURAL FULL JOIN
(SELECT name, n as s3_n, 3as s3_2 FROM t3) s3;
SELECT * FROM
(SELECT name, n as s1_n, 1as s1_1 FROM t1) as s1 NATURALINNERJOIN
(SELECT name, n as s2_n, 2as s2_2 FROM t2) as s2 NATURALINNERJOIN
(SELECT name, n as s3_n, 3as s3_2 FROM t3) s3;
SELECT * FROM
(SELECT name, n as s1_n, 1as s1_1 FROM t1) as s1 NATURAL FULL JOIN
(SELECT name, n as s2_n, 2as s2_2 FROM t2) as s2 NATURAL FULL JOIN
(SELECT name, n as s3_n, 3as s3_2 FROM t3) s3;
SELECT * FROM
(SELECT name, n as s1_n FROM t1) as s1 NATURAL FULL JOIN
(SELECT * FROM
(SELECT name, n as s2_n FROM t2) as s2 NATURAL FULL JOIN
(SELECT name, n as s3_n FROM t3) as s3
) ss2;
SELECT * FROM
(SELECT name, n as s1_n FROM t1) as s1 NATURAL FULL JOIN
(SELECT * FROM
(SELECT name, n as s2_n, 2as s2_2 FROM t2) as s2 NATURAL FULL JOIN
(SELECT name, n as s3_n FROM t3) as s3
) ss2;
-- Constants as join keys can also be problematic SELECT * FROM
(SELECT name, n as s1_n FROM t1) as s1
FULL JOIN
(SELECT name, 2as s2_n FROM t2) as s2 ON (s1_n = s2_n);
-- Test for propagation of nullability constraints into sub-joins
create temp table x (x1 int, x2 int); insertinto x values (1,11); insertinto x values (2,22); insertinto x values (3,null); insertinto x values (4,44); insertinto x values (5,null);
create temp table y (y1 int, y2 int); insertinto y values (1,111); insertinto y values (2,222); insertinto y values (3,333); insertinto y values (4,null);
select * from x; select * from y;
select * from x leftjoin y on (x1 = y1 and x2 isnotnull); select * from x leftjoin y on (x1 = y1 and y2 isnotnull);
select * from (x leftjoin y on (x1 = y1)) leftjoin x xx(xx1,xx2) on (x1 = xx1); select * from (x leftjoin y on (x1 = y1)) leftjoin x xx(xx1,xx2) on (x1 = xx1 and x2 isnotnull); select * from (x leftjoin y on (x1 = y1)) leftjoin x xx(xx1,xx2) on (x1 = xx1 and y2 isnotnull); select * from (x leftjoin y on (x1 = y1)) leftjoin x xx(xx1,xx2) on (x1 = xx1 and xx2 isnotnull); -- these should NOT give the same answers as above select * from (x leftjoin y on (x1 = y1)) leftjoin x xx(xx1,xx2) on (x1 = xx1) where (x2 isnotnull); select * from (x leftjoin y on (x1 = y1)) leftjoin x xx(xx1,xx2) on (x1 = xx1) where (y2 isnotnull); select * from (x leftjoin y on (x1 = y1)) leftjoin x xx(xx1,xx2) on (x1 = xx1) where (xx2 isnotnull);
-- -- regression test: check for bug with propagation of implied equality -- to outside an IN -- select count(*) from tenk1 a where unique1 in
(select unique1 from tenk1 b join tenk1 c using (unique1) where b.unique2 = 42);
-- -- regression test: check for failure to generate a plan with multiple -- degenerate IN clauses -- select count(*) from tenk1 x where
x.unique1 in (select a.f1 from int4_tbl a,float8_tbl b where a.f1=b.f1) and
x.unique1 = 0and
x.unique1 in (select aa.f1 from int4_tbl aa,float8_tbl bb where aa.f1=bb.f1);
-- try that with GEQO too
begin; set geqo = on; set geqo_threshold = 2; select count(*) from tenk1 x where
x.unique1 in (select a.f1 from int4_tbl a,float8_tbl b where a.f1=b.f1) and
x.unique1 = 0and
x.unique1 in (select aa.f1 from int4_tbl aa,float8_tbl bb where aa.f1=bb.f1);
rollback;
-- -- regression test: be sure we cope with proven-dummy append rels -- explain (costs off) select aa, bb, unique1, unique1 from tenk1 rightjoin b_star on aa = unique1 where bb < bb and bb isnull;
select aa, bb, unique1, unique1 from tenk1 rightjoin b_star on aa = unique1 where bb < bb and bb isnull;
-- -- regression test: check handling of empty-FROM subquery underneath outer join -- explain (costs off) select * from int8_tbl i1 leftjoin (int8_tbl i2 join
(select123as x) ss on i2.q1 = x) on i1.q2 = i2.q2 orderby1, 2;
select * from int8_tbl i1 leftjoin (int8_tbl i2 join
(select123as x) ss on i2.q1 = x) on i1.q2 = i2.q2 orderby1, 2;
-- -- regression test: check a case where join_clause_is_movable_into() -- used to give an imprecise result, causing an assertion failure -- select count(*) from
(select t3.tenthous as x1, coalesce(t1.stringu1, t2.stringu1) as x2 from tenk1 t1 leftjoin tenk1 t2 on t1.unique1 = t2.unique1 join tenk1 t3 on t1.unique2 = t3.unique2) ss,
tenk1 t4,
tenk1 t5 where t4.thousand = t5.unique1 and ss.x1 = t4.tenthous and ss.x2 = t5.stringu1;
-- -- regression test: check a case where we formerly missed including an EC -- enforcement clause because it was expected to be handled at scan level -- explain (costs off) select a.f1, b.f1, t.thousand, t.tenthous from
tenk1 t,
(select sum(f1)+1as f1 from int4_tbl i4a) a,
(select sum(f1) as f1 from int4_tbl i4b) b where b.f1 = t.thousand and a.f1 = b.f1 and (a.f1+b.f1+999) = t.tenthous;
select a.f1, b.f1, t.thousand, t.tenthous from
tenk1 t,
(select sum(f1)+1as f1 from int4_tbl i4a) a,
(select sum(f1) as f1 from int4_tbl i4b) b where b.f1 = t.thousand and a.f1 = b.f1 and (a.f1+b.f1+999) = t.tenthous;
-- -- Test hash joins with multiple hash keys and subplans. --
-- First ensure we get a hash join with multiple hash keys. explain (costs off) select t1.unique1,t2.unique1 from tenk1 t1 innerjoin tenk1 t2 on t1.two = t2.two and t1.unique1 = (select min(unique1) from tenk1 where t2.unique1=unique1) where t1.unique1 < 10and t2.unique1 < 10 orderby t1.unique1;
-- Ensure we get the expected result select t1.unique1,t2.unique1 from tenk1 t1 innerjoin tenk1 t2 on t1.two = t2.two and t1.unique1 = (select min(unique1) from tenk1 where t2.unique1=unique1) where t1.unique1 < 10and t2.unique1 < 10 orderby t1.unique1;
-- -- checks for correct handling of quals in multiway outer joins -- explain (costs off) select t1.f1 from int4_tbl t1, int4_tbl t2 leftjoin int4_tbl t3 on t3.f1 > 0 leftjoin int4_tbl t4 on t3.f1 > 1 where t4.f1 isnull;
select t1.f1 from int4_tbl t1, int4_tbl t2 leftjoin int4_tbl t3 on t3.f1 > 0 leftjoin int4_tbl t4 on t3.f1 > 1 where t4.f1 isnull;
explain (costs off) select * from int4_tbl t1 leftjoin int4_tbl t2 ontrue leftjoin int4_tbl t3 on t2.f1 > 0 leftjoin int4_tbl t4 on t3.f1 > 0;
explain (costs off) select * from onek t1 leftjoin onek t2 on t1.unique1 = t2.unique1 leftjoin onek t3 on t2.unique1 != t3.unique1 leftjoin onek t4 on t3.unique1 = t4.unique1;
explain (costs off) select * from int4_tbl t1 leftjoin (select now() from int4_tbl t2 leftjoin int4_tbl t3 on t2.f1 = t3.f1 leftjoin int4_tbl t4 on t3.f1 = t4.f1) s ontrue innerjoin int4_tbl t5 ontrue;
explain (costs off) select * from int4_tbl t1 leftjoin int4_tbl t2 ontrue leftjoin int4_tbl t3 ontrue leftjoin int4_tbl t4 on t2.f1 = t3.f1;
explain (costs off) select * from int4_tbl t1 leftjoin int4_tbl t2 ontrue leftjoin int4_tbl t3 on t2.f1 = t3.f1 leftjoin int4_tbl t4 on t3.f1 != t4.f1;
explain (costs off) select * from int4_tbl t1 leftjoin (int4_tbl t2 leftjoin int4_tbl t3 on t2.f1 > 0) on t2.f1 > 1 leftjoin int4_tbl t4 on t2.f1 > 2and t3.f1 > 3 where t1.f1 = coalesce(t2.f1, 1);
explain (costs off) select * from int4_tbl t1 leftjoin ((select t2.f1 from int4_tbl t2 leftjoin int4_tbl t3 on t2.f1 > 0 where t3.f1 isnull) s leftjoin tenk1 t4 on s.f1 > 1) on s.f1 = t1.f1;
explain (costs off) select * from int4_tbl t1 leftjoin ((select t2.f1 from int4_tbl t2 leftjoin int4_tbl t3 on t2.f1 > 0 where t2.f1 <> coalesce(t3.f1, -1)) s leftjoin tenk1 t4 on s.f1 > 1) on s.f1 = t1.f1;
explain (costs off) select * from onek t1 leftjoin onek t2 on t1.unique1 = t2.unique1 leftjoin onek t3 on t2.unique1 = t3.unique1 leftjoin onek t4 on t3.unique1 = t4.unique1 and t2.unique2 = t4.unique2;
explain (costs off) select * from int8_tbl t1 leftjoin
(int8_tbl t2 leftjoin int8_tbl t3 full join int8_tbl t4 onfalseonfalse) leftjoin int8_tbl t5 on t2.q1 = t5.q1 on t2.q2 = 123;
explain (costs off) select * from int8_tbl t1 leftjoin int8_tbl t2 ontrue leftjoin lateral
(select * from int8_tbl t3 where t3.q1 = t2.q1 offset 0) s on t2.q1 = 1;
explain (costs off) select * from int8_tbl t1 leftjoin int8_tbl t2 ontrue leftjoin lateral
(select * from generate_series(t2.q1, 100)) s on t2.q1 = 1;
explain (costs off) select * from int8_tbl t1 leftjoin int8_tbl t2 ontrue leftjoin lateral
(select t2.q1 from int8_tbl t3) s on t2.q1 = 1;
explain (costs off) select * from onek t1 leftjoin onek t2 ontrue leftjoin lateral
(select * from onek t3 where t3.two = t2.two offset 0) s on t2.unique1 = 1;
-- -- check a case where we formerly got confused by conflicting sort orders -- in redundant merge join path keys -- explain (costs off) select * from
j1_tbl full join
(select * from j2_tbl orderby j2_tbl.i desc, j2_tbl.k asc) j2_tbl on j1_tbl.i = j2_tbl.i and j1_tbl.i = j2_tbl.k;
select * from
j1_tbl full join
(select * from j2_tbl orderby j2_tbl.i desc, j2_tbl.k asc) j2_tbl on j1_tbl.i = j2_tbl.i and j1_tbl.i = j2_tbl.k;
-- -- a different check for handling of redundant sort keys in merge joins -- explain (costs off) select count(*) from
(select * from tenk1 x orderby x.thousand, x.twothousand, x.fivethous) x leftjoin
(select * from tenk1 y orderby y.unique2) y on x.thousand = y.unique2 and x.twothousand = y.hundred and x.fivethous = y.unique2;
select count(*) from
(select * from tenk1 x orderby x.thousand, x.twothousand, x.fivethous) x leftjoin
(select * from tenk1 y orderby y.unique2) y on x.thousand = y.unique2 and x.twothousand = y.hundred and x.fivethous = y.unique2;
set enable_hashjoin = 0; set enable_nestloop = 0; set enable_hashagg = 0;
-- -- Check that we use the pathkeys from a prefix of the group by / order by -- clause for the join pathkeys when that prefix covers all join quals. We -- expect this to lead to an incremental sort for the group by / order by. -- explain (costs off) select x.thousand, x.twothousand, count(*) from tenk1 x innerjoin tenk1 y on x.thousand = y.thousand groupby x.thousand, x.twothousand orderby x.thousand desc, x.twothousand;
DELETEFROM t3 USING t1 table1 WHERE t3.x = table1.a; SELECT * FROM t3; DELETEFROM t3 USING t1 JOIN t2 USING (a) WHERE t3.x > t1.a; SELECT * FROM t3; DELETEFROM t3 USING t3 t3_other WHERE t3.x = t3_other.x AND t3.y = t3_other.y; SELECT * FROM t3;
-- Test join against inheritance tree
create temp table t2a () inherits (t2);
insertinto t2a values (200, 2001);
select * from t1 leftjoin t2 on (t1.a = t2.a);
-- Test matching of column name with wrong alias
select t1.x from t1 join t3 on (t1.a = t3.x);
-- Test matching of locking clause with wrong alias
select t1.*, t2.*, unnamed_join.* from
t1 join t2 on (t1.a = t2.a), t3 as unnamed_join forupdate of unnamed_join;
select foo.*, unnamed_join.* from
t1 join t2 using (a) as foo, t3 as unnamed_join forupdate of unnamed_join;
select foo.*, unnamed_join.* from
t1 join t2 using (a) as foo, t3 as unnamed_join forupdate of foo;
select bar.*, unnamed_join.* from
(t1 join t2 using (a) as foo) as bar, t3 as unnamed_join forupdate of foo;
select bar.*, unnamed_join.* from
(t1 join t2 using (a) as foo) as bar, t3 as unnamed_join forupdate of bar;
-- -- regression test for 8.1 merge right join bug --
set enable_hashjoin to off; set enable_nestloop to off;
-- these should give the same results
select tt1.*, tt2.* from tt1 leftjoin tt2 on tt1.joincol = tt2.joincol;
select tt1.*, tt2.* from tt2 rightjoin tt1 on tt1.joincol = tt2.joincol;
reset enable_hashjoin;
reset enable_nestloop;
-- -- regression test for bug #18522 (merge-right-anti-join in inner_unique cases) --
create temp table tbl_ra(a intunique, b int); insertinto tbl_ra select i, i%100from generate_series(1,1000)i; createindexon tbl_ra (b); analyze tbl_ra;
set enable_hashjoin to off; set enable_nestloop to off;
-- ensure we get a merge right anti join explain (costs off) select * from tbl_ra t1 wherenotexists (select1from tbl_ra t2 where t2.b = t1.a) and t1.b < 2;
-- and check we get the expected results select * from tbl_ra t1 wherenotexists (select1from tbl_ra t2 where t2.b = t1.a) and t1.b < 2;
reset enable_hashjoin;
reset enable_nestloop;
-- -- regression test for bug with hash-right-semi join --
create temp table tbl_rs(a int, b int); insertinto tbl_rs select i, i from generate_series(1,10)i; analyze tbl_rs;
-- ensure we get a hash right semi join explain (costs off) select * from tbl_rs t1 join
lateral (select * from tbl_rs t2 where t2.a in
(select t1.a+t3.a from tbl_rs t3) and t2.a < 5) ontrue;
-- and check we get the expected results select * from tbl_rs t1 join
lateral (select * from tbl_rs t2 where t2.a in
(select t1.a+t3.a from tbl_rs t3) and t2.a < 5) ontrue;
-- -- regression test for bug with parallel-hash-right-semi join --
begin;
-- encourage use of parallel plans set local parallel_setup_cost=0; set local parallel_tuple_cost=0; set local min_parallel_table_scan_size=0; set local max_parallel_workers_per_gather=4;
-- ensure we don't get parallel hash right semi join explain (costs off) select * from tenk1 t1 whereexists (select1from tenk1 t2 where fivethous = t1.fivethous) and t1.fivethous < 5;
rollback;
-- -- regression test for bug #13908 (hash join with skew tuples & nbatch increase) --
set work_mem to'64kB'; set enable_mergejoin to off; set enable_memoize to off;
explain (costs off) select count(*) from tenk1 a, tenk1 b where a.hundred = b.thousand and (b.fivethous % 10) < 10; select count(*) from tenk1 a, tenk1 b where a.hundred = b.thousand and (b.fivethous % 10) < 10;
EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT a.f1 FROM tt4 a LEFTJOIN ( SELECT b.f1 FROM tt3 b LEFTJOIN tt3 c ON (b.f1 = c.f1) WHERE COALESCE(c.f1, 0) = 0
) AS d ON (a.f1 = d.f1) WHERE COALESCE(d.f1, 0) = 0 ORDERBY1;
SELECT a.f1 FROM tt4 a LEFTJOIN ( SELECT b.f1 FROM tt3 b LEFTJOIN tt3 c ON (b.f1 = c.f1) WHERE COALESCE(c.f1, 0) = 0
) AS d ON (a.f1 = d.f1) WHERE COALESCE(d.f1, 0) = 0 ORDERBY1;
reset enable_nestloop;
-- -- basic semijoin and antijoin recognition tests --
explain (costs off) select a.* from tenk1 a where unique1 in (select unique2 from tenk1 b);
-- sadly, this is not an antijoin explain (costs off) select a.* from tenk1 a where unique1 notin (select unique2 from tenk1 b);
explain (costs off) select a.* from tenk1 a whereexists (select1from tenk1 b where a.unique1 = b.unique2);
explain (costs off) select a.* from tenk1 a wherenotexists (select1from tenk1 b where a.unique1 = b.unique2);
explain (costs off) select a.* from tenk1 a leftjoin tenk1 b on a.unique1 = b.unique2 where b.unique2 isnull;
-- check that we avoid de-duplicating columns redundantly set enable_memoize to off; explain (costs off) select1from tenk1 where (hundred, thousand) in (select twothousand, twothousand from onek);
reset enable_memoize;
-- -- regression test for bogus RTE_GROUP entries --
explain (costs off) select a.* from tenk1 a whereexists (select1from tenk1 b where a.unique1 = b.unique2 groupby b.unique1);
-- -- regression test for proper handling of outer joins within antijoins --
create temp table tt4x(c1 int, c2 int, c3 int);
explain (costs off) select * from tt4x t1 wherenotexists ( select1from tt4x t2 leftjoin tt4x t3 on t2.c3 = t3.c1 leftjoin ( select t5.c1 as c1 from tt4x t4 leftjoin tt4x t5 on t4.c2 = t5.c1
) a1 on t3.c2 = a1.c1 where t1.c1 = t2.c2
);
-- -- regression test for problems of the sort depicted in bug #3494 --
select yy.pkyy as yy_pkyy, yy.pkxx as yy_pkxx, yya.pkyy as yya_pkyy,
xxa.pkxx as xxa_pkxx, xxb.pkxx as xxb_pkxx from yy leftjoin (SELECT * FROM yy where pkyy = 101) as yya ON yy.pkyy = yya.pkyy leftjoin xx xxa on yya.pkxx = xxa.pkxx leftjoin xx xxb on coalesce (xxa.pkxx, 1) = xxb.pkxx;
-- -- regression test for improper pushing of constants across outer-join clauses -- (as seen in early 8.2.x releases) --
select * from
zt2 leftjoin zt3 on (f2 = f3) leftjoin zt1 on (f3 = f1) where f2 = 53;
create temp view zv1 asselect *,'dummy'::text AS junk from zt1;
select * from
zt2 leftjoin zt3 on (f2 = f3) leftjoin zv1 on (f3 = f1) where f2 = 53;
-- -- regression test for improper extraction of OR indexqual conditions -- (as seen in early 8.3.x releases) --
select a.unique2, a.ten, b.tenthous, b.unique2, b.hundred from tenk1 a leftjoin tenk1 b on a.unique2 = b.tenthous where a.unique1 = 42and
((b.unique2 isnulland a.ten = 2) or b.hundred = 3);
-- -- test proper positioning of one-time quals in EXISTS (8.4devel bug) --
prepare foo(bool) as select count(*) from tenk1 a leftjoin tenk1 b on (a.unique2 = b.unique1 andexists
(select1from tenk1 c where c.thousand = b.unique2 and $1));
execute foo(true);
execute foo(false);
-- -- test for sane behavior with noncanonical merge clauses, per bug #4926 --
begin;
set enable_mergejoin = 1; set enable_hashjoin = 0; set enable_nestloop = 0;
create temp table a (i integer); create temp table b (x integer, y integer);
select * from a leftjoin b on i = x and i = y and x = i;
rollback;
-- -- test handling of merge clauses using record_ops --
begin;
explain (costs off) select a.idv, b.idv from tidv a, tidv b where a.idv = b.idv;
set enable_mergejoin = 0; set enable_hashjoin = 0;
explain (costs off) select a.idv, b.idv from tidv a, tidv b where a.idv = b.idv;
rollback;
-- -- test NULL behavior of whole-row Vars, per bug #5025 -- select t1.q2, count(t2.*) from int8_tbl t1 leftjoin int8_tbl t2 on (t1.q2 = t2.q1) groupby t1.q2 orderby1;
select t1.q2, count(t2.*) from int8_tbl t1 leftjoin (select * from int8_tbl) t2 on (t1.q2 = t2.q1) groupby t1.q2 orderby1;
select t1.q2, count(t2.*) from int8_tbl t1 leftjoin (select * from int8_tbl offset 0) t2 on (t1.q2 = t2.q1) groupby t1.q2 orderby1;
select t1.q2, count(t2.*) from int8_tbl t1 leftjoin
(select q1, casewhen q2=1then1else q2 end as q2 from int8_tbl) t2 on (t1.q2 = t2.q1) groupby t1.q2 orderby1;
-- -- test incorrect failure to NULL pulled-up subexpressions --
begin;
create temp table a (
code charnotnull, constraint a_pk primarykey (code)
); create temp table b (
a charnotnull,
num integernotnull, constraint b_pk primarykey (a, num)
); create temp table c (
name charnotnull,
a char, constraint c_pk primarykey (name)
);
insertinto a (code) values ('p'); insertinto a (code) values ('q'); insertinto b (a, num) values ('p', 1); insertinto b (a, num) values ('p', 2); insertinto c (name, a) values ('A', 'p'); insertinto c (name, a) values ('B', 'q'); insertinto c (name, a) values ('C', null);
select c.name, ss.code, ss.b_cnt, ss.const from c leftjoin
(select a.code, coalesce(b_grp.cnt, 0) as b_cnt, -1as const from a leftjoin
(select count(1) as cnt, b.a from b groupby b.a) as b_grp on a.code = b_grp.a
) as ss on (c.a = ss.code) orderby c.name;
rollback;
-- -- test incorrect handling of placeholders that only appear in targetlists, -- per bug #6154 -- SELECT * FROM
( SELECT1as key1 ) sub1 LEFTJOIN
( SELECT sub3.key3, sub4.value2, COALESCE(sub4.value2, 66) as value3 FROM
( SELECT1as key3 ) sub3 LEFTJOIN
( SELECT sub5.key5, COALESCE(sub6.value1, 1) as value2 FROM
( SELECT1as key5 ) sub5 LEFTJOIN
( SELECT2as key6, 42as value1 ) sub6 ON sub5.key5 = sub6.key6
) sub4 ON sub4.key5 = sub3.key3
) sub2 ON sub1.key1 = sub2.key3;
-- test the path using join aliases, too SELECT * FROM
( SELECT1as key1 ) sub1 LEFTJOIN
( SELECT sub3.key3, value2, COALESCE(value2, 66) as value3 FROM
( SELECT1as key3 ) sub3 LEFTJOIN
( SELECT sub5.key5, COALESCE(sub6.value1, 1) as value2 FROM
( SELECT1as key5 ) sub5 LEFTJOIN
( SELECT2as key6, 42as value1 ) sub6 ON sub5.key5 = sub6.key6
) sub4 ON sub4.key5 = sub3.key3
) sub2 ON sub1.key1 = sub2.key3;
-- -- test case where a PlaceHolderVar is used as a nestloop parameter --
EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT qq, unique1 FROM
( SELECT COALESCE(q1, 0) AS qq FROM int8_tbl a ) AS ss1
FULL OUTERJOIN
( SELECT COALESCE(q2, -1) AS qq FROM int8_tbl b ) AS ss2 USING (qq) INNERJOIN tenk1 c ON qq = unique2;
SELECT qq, unique1 FROM
( SELECT COALESCE(q1, 0) AS qq FROM int8_tbl a ) AS ss1
FULL OUTERJOIN
( SELECT COALESCE(q2, -1) AS qq FROM int8_tbl b ) AS ss2 USING (qq) INNERJOIN tenk1 c ON qq = unique2;
-- -- nested nestloops can require nested PlaceHolderVars --
explain (costs off) select nt3.id from nt3 as nt3 leftjoin
(select nt2.*, (nt2.b1 and ss1.a3) AS b3 from nt2 as nt2 leftjoin
(select nt1.*, (nt1.id isnotnull) as a3 from nt1) as ss1 on ss1.id = nt2.nt1_id
) as ss2 on ss2.id = nt3.nt2_id where nt3.id = 1and ss2.b3;
select nt3.id from nt3 as nt3 leftjoin
(select nt2.*, (nt2.b1 and ss1.a3) AS b3 from nt2 as nt2 leftjoin
(select nt1.*, (nt1.id isnotnull) as a3 from nt1) as ss1 on ss1.id = nt2.nt1_id
) as ss2 on ss2.id = nt3.nt2_id where nt3.id = 1and ss2.b3;
-- -- test case where a PlaceHolderVar is propagated into a subquery --
explain (costs off) select * from
int8_tbl t1 leftjoin
(select q1 as x, 42as y from int8_tbl t2) ss on t1.q2 = ss.x where 1 = (select1from int8_tbl t3 where ss.y isnotnulllimit1) orderby1,2;
select * from
int8_tbl t1 leftjoin
(select q1 as x, 42as y from int8_tbl t2) ss on t1.q2 = ss.x where 1 = (select1from int8_tbl t3 where ss.y isnotnulllimit1) orderby1,2;
-- -- variant where a PlaceHolderVar is needed at a join, but not above the join --
explain (costs off) select * from
int4_tbl as i41,
lateral
(select1as x from
(select i41.f1 as lat,
i42.f1 as loc from
int8_tbl as i81, int4_tbl as i42) as ss1 rightjoin int4_tbl as i43 on (i43.f1 > 1) where ss1.loc = ss1.lat) as ss2 where i41.f1 > 0;
select * from
int4_tbl as i41,
lateral
(select1as x from
(select i41.f1 as lat,
i42.f1 as loc from
int8_tbl as i81, int4_tbl as i42) as ss1 rightjoin int4_tbl as i43 on (i43.f1 > 1) where ss1.loc = ss1.lat) as ss2 where i41.f1 > 0;
-- -- test the corner cases FULL JOIN ON TRUE and FULL JOIN ON FALSE -- select * from int4_tbl a full join int4_tbl b ontrue; select * from int4_tbl a full join int4_tbl b onfalse;
-- -- test for ability to use a cartesian join when necessary --
explain (costs off) select * from
tenk1 join int4_tbl on f1 = twothousand,
q1, q2 where q1 = thousand or q2 = thousand;
explain (costs off) select * from
tenk1 join int4_tbl on f1 = twothousand,
q1, q2 where thousand = (q1 + q2);
-- -- test ability to generate a suitable plan for a star-schema query --
explain (costs off) select * from
tenk1, int8_tbl a, int8_tbl b where thousand = a.q1 and tenthous = b.q1 and a.q2 = 1and b.q2 = 2;
-- -- test a corner case in which we shouldn't apply the star-schema optimization --
explain (costs off) select t1.unique2, t1.stringu1, t2.unique1, t2.stringu2 from
tenk1 t1 innerjoin int4_tbl i1 leftjoin (select v1.x2, v2.y1, 11AS d1 from (select1,0from onerow) v1(x1,x2) leftjoin (select3,1from onerow) v2(y1,y2) on v1.x1 = v2.y2) subq1 on (i1.f1 = subq1.x2) on (t1.unique2 = subq1.d1) leftjoin tenk1 t2 on (subq1.y1 = t2.unique1) where t1.unique2 < 42and t1.stringu1 > t2.stringu2;
select t1.unique2, t1.stringu1, t2.unique1, t2.stringu2 from
tenk1 t1 innerjoin int4_tbl i1 leftjoin (select v1.x2, v2.y1, 11AS d1 from (select1,0from onerow) v1(x1,x2) leftjoin (select3,1from onerow) v2(y1,y2) on v1.x1 = v2.y2) subq1 on (i1.f1 = subq1.x2) on (t1.unique2 = subq1.d1) leftjoin tenk1 t2 on (subq1.y1 = t2.unique1) where t1.unique2 < 42and t1.stringu1 > t2.stringu2;
-- variant that isn't quite a star-schema case
explain (verbose, costs off) select ss1.d1 from
tenk1 as t1 innerjoin tenk1 as t2 on t1.tenthous = t2.ten innerjoin
int8_tbl as i8 leftjoin int4_tbl as i4 innerjoin (select64::information_schema.cardinal_number as d1 from tenk1 t3,
lateral (select abs(t3.unique1) + random()) ss0(x) where t3.fivethous < 0) as ss1 on i4.f1 = ss1.d1 on i8.q1 = i4.f1 on t1.tenthous = ss1.d1 where t1.unique1 < i4.f1;
select ss1.d1 from
tenk1 as t1 innerjoin tenk1 as t2 on t1.tenthous = t2.ten innerjoin
int8_tbl as i8 leftjoin int4_tbl as i4 innerjoin (select64::information_schema.cardinal_number as d1 from tenk1 t3,
lateral (select abs(t3.unique1) + random()) ss0(x) where t3.fivethous < 0) as ss1 on i4.f1 = ss1.d1 on i8.q1 = i4.f1 on t1.tenthous = ss1.d1 where t1.unique1 < i4.f1;
-- this variant is foldable by the remove-useless-RESULT-RTEs code
explain (costs off) select t1.unique2, t1.stringu1, t2.unique1, t2.stringu2 from
tenk1 t1 innerjoin int4_tbl i1 leftjoin (select v1.x2, v2.y1, 11AS d1 from (values(1,0)) v1(x1,x2) leftjoin (values(3,1)) v2(y1,y2) on v1.x1 = v2.y2) subq1 on (i1.f1 = subq1.x2) on (t1.unique2 = subq1.d1) leftjoin tenk1 t2 on (subq1.y1 = t2.unique1) where t1.unique2 < 42and t1.stringu1 > t2.stringu2;
select t1.unique2, t1.stringu1, t2.unique1, t2.stringu2 from
tenk1 t1 innerjoin int4_tbl i1 leftjoin (select v1.x2, v2.y1, 11AS d1 from (values(1,0)) v1(x1,x2) leftjoin (values(3,1)) v2(y1,y2) on v1.x1 = v2.y2) subq1 on (i1.f1 = subq1.x2) on (t1.unique2 = subq1.d1) leftjoin tenk1 t2 on (subq1.y1 = t2.unique1) where t1.unique2 < 42and t1.stringu1 > t2.stringu2;
-- Here's a variant that we can't fold too aggressively, though, -- or we end up with noplace to evaluate the lateral PHV explain (verbose, costs off) select * from
(select1as x) ss1 leftjoin (select2as y) ss2 on (true),
lateral (select ss2.y as z limit1) ss3; select * from
(select1as x) ss1 leftjoin (select2as y) ss2 on (true),
lateral (select ss2.y as z limit1) ss3;
-- This example demonstrates the folly of our old "have_dangerous_phv" logic
begin; set local from_collapse_limit to2; explain (verbose, costs off) select * from int8_tbl t1 leftjoin
(select coalesce(t2.q1 + x, 0) from int8_tbl t2,
lateral (select t3.q1 as x from int8_tbl t3,
lateral (select t2.q1, t3.q1 offset 0) s)) ontrue;
rollback;
-- ... not that the initial replacement didn't have some bugs too
begin; create temp table t(i intprimarykey);
explain (verbose, costs off) select * from t t1 leftjoin (select1as x, * from t t2(i2)) t2ss on t1.i = t2ss.i2 leftjoin t t3(i3) onfalse leftjoin t t4(i4) on t4.i4 > t2ss.x;
explain (verbose, costs off) select * from
(select k from
(select i, coalesce(i, j) as k from
(select i from t unionallselect0) join (select1as j limit1) on i = j) rightjoin (select2as x) ontrue join (select3as y) on i isnotnull
),
lateral (select k as kl limit1);
rollback;
-- PHVs containing SubLinks are quite tricky to get right explain (verbose, costs off) select * from int8_tbl i8 innerjoin
(select (selecttrue) as x from int4_tbl i4, lateral (select i4.f1 as y limit1) ss1 where i4.f1 = 0) ss2 ontrue rightjoin (selectfalseas z) ss3 ontrue,
lateral (select i8.q2 as q2l where x limit1) ss4 where i8.q2 = 123;
explain (verbose, costs off) select * from int8_tbl i8 innerjoin
(select (selecttrue) as x from int4_tbl i4, lateral (select1as y limit1) ss1 where i4.f1 = 0) ss2 ontrue rightjoin (selectfalseas z) ss3 ontrue,
lateral (select i8.q2 as q2l where x limit1) ss4 where i8.q2 = 123;
-- Test proper handling of appendrel PHVs during useless-RTE removal explain (costs off) select * from
(select0as z) as t1 leftjoin
(selecttrueas a) as t2 ontrue,
lateral (selecttrueas b unionall select a as b) as t3 where b;
select * from
(select0as z) as t1 leftjoin
(selecttrueas a) as t2 ontrue,
lateral (selecttrueas b unionall select a as b) as t3 where b;
-- Test PHV in a semijoin qual, which confused useless-RTE removal (bug #17700) explain (verbose, costs off) with ctetable asnot materialized ( select1as f1 ) select * from ctetable c1 where f1 in ( select c3.f1 from ctetable c2 full join ctetable c3 ontrue );
with ctetable asnot materialized ( select1as f1 ) select * from ctetable c1 where f1 in ( select c3.f1 from ctetable c2 full join ctetable c3 ontrue );
-- Test PHV that winds up in a Result node, despite having nonempty nullingrels explain (verbose, costs off) select table_catalog, table_name from int4_tbl t1 innerjoin (int8_tbl t2 leftjoin information_schema.column_udt_usage onnull) onnull;
-- Test handling of qual pushdown to appendrel members with non-Var outputs explain (verbose, costs off) select * from int4_tbl leftjoin ( select text 'foo'unionallselect text 'bar'
) ss(x) ontrue where ss.x isnull;
-- Test computation of varnullingrels when translating appendrel Var
begin;
create temp table t_append (a intnotnull, b int); insertinto t_append values (1, 1); insertinto t_append values (2, 3);
explain (verbose, costs off) select t1.a, s.a from t_append t1 leftjoin t_append t2 on t1.a = t2.b join lateral ( select t1.a as a unionallselect t2.a as a
) s ontrue where s.a isnotnull;
select t1.a, s.a from t_append t1 leftjoin t_append t2 on t1.a = t2.b join lateral ( select t1.a as a unionallselect t2.a as a
) s ontrue where s.a isnotnull;
rollback;
-- -- test inlining of immutable functions -- create function f_immutable_int4(i integer) returns integeras
$$ begin return i; end; $$ language plpgsql immutable;
-- check optimization of function scan with join explain (costs off) select unique1 from tenk1, (select * from f_immutable_int4(1) x) x where x = unique1;
explain (verbose, costs off) select unique1, x.* from tenk1, (select *, random() from f_immutable_int4(1) x) x where x = unique1;
explain (costs off) select unique1 from tenk1, f_immutable_int4(1) x where x = unique1;
explain (costs off) select unique1 from tenk1, lateral f_immutable_int4(1) x where x = unique1;
explain (costs off) select unique1 from tenk1, lateral f_immutable_int4(1) x where x in (select17);
explain (costs off) select unique1, x from tenk1 join f_immutable_int4(1) x on unique1 = x;
explain (costs off) select unique1, x from tenk1 leftjoin f_immutable_int4(1) x on unique1 = x;
explain (costs off) select unique1, x from tenk1 rightjoin f_immutable_int4(1) x on unique1 = x;
explain (costs off) select unique1, x from tenk1 full join f_immutable_int4(1) x on unique1 = x;
-- check that pullup of a const function allows further const-folding explain (costs off) select unique1 from tenk1, f_immutable_int4(1) x where x = 42;
-- test inlining of immutable functions with PlaceHolderVars explain (costs off) select nt3.id from nt3 as nt3 leftjoin
(select nt2.*, (nt2.b1 or i4 = 42) AS b3 from nt2 as nt2 leftjoin
f_immutable_int4(0) i4 on i4 = nt2.nt1_id
) as ss2 on ss2.id = nt3.nt2_id where nt3.id = 1and ss2.b3;
drop function f_immutable_int4(int);
-- test inlining when function returns composite
create function mki8(bigint, bigint) returns int8_tbl as
$$select row($1,$2)::int8_tbl$$ language sql;
create function mki4(int) returns int4_tbl as
$$select row($1)::int4_tbl$$ language sql;
explain (verbose, costs off) select * from mki8(1,2); select * from mki8(1,2);
explain (verbose, costs off) select * from mki4(42); select * from mki4(42);
drop function mki8(bigint, bigint); drop function mki4(int);
-- test const-folding of a whole-row Var into a per-field Var -- (need to inline a function to reach this case, else parser does it) create function f_field_select(t onek) returns int4as
$$ select t.unique2; $$ language sql immutable;
explain (verbose, costs off) select (t2.*).unique1, f_field_select(t2) from tenk1 t1 leftjoin onek t2 on t1.unique1 = t2.unique1 leftjoin int8_tbl t3 ontrue;
drop function f_field_select(t onek);
-- -- test extraction of restriction OR clauses from join OR clause -- (we used to only do this for indexable clauses) --
explain (costs off) select * from tenk1 a join tenk1 b on
(a.unique1 = 1and b.unique1 = 2) or (a.unique2 = 3and b.hundred = 4); explain (costs off) select * from tenk1 a join tenk1 b on
(a.unique1 = 1and b.unique1 = 2) or (a.unique2 = 3and b.ten = 4); explain (costs off) select * from tenk1 a join tenk1 b on
(a.unique1 = 1and b.unique1 = 2) or
((a.unique2 = 3or a.unique2 = 7) and b.hundred = 4);
explain (costs off) select * from tenk1 a join tenk1 b on
(a.unique1 = 1and b.unique1 = 2) or
((a.unique2 = 3or a.unique2 = 7) and b.hundred = 4); explain (costs off) select * from tenk1 a join tenk1 b on
(a.unique1 < 20or a.unique1 = 3or a.unique1 = 1and b.unique1 = 2) or
((a.unique2 = 3or a.unique2 = 7) and b.hundred = 4);
-- -- test placement of movable quals in a parameterized join tree --
explain (costs off) select * from tenk1 t1 leftjoin
(tenk1 t2 join tenk1 t3 on t2.thousand = t3.unique2) on t1.hundred = t2.hundred and t1.ten = t3.ten where t1.unique1 = 1;
explain (costs off) select * from tenk1 t1 leftjoin
(tenk1 t2 join tenk1 t3 on t2.thousand = t3.unique2) on t1.hundred = t2.hundred and t1.ten + t2.ten = t3.ten where t1.unique1 = 1;
explain (costs off) select count(*) from
tenk1 a join tenk1 b on a.unique1 = b.unique2 leftjoin tenk1 c on a.unique2 = b.unique1 and c.thousand = a.thousand join int4_tbl on b.thousand = f1;
select count(*) from
tenk1 a join tenk1 b on a.unique1 = b.unique2 leftjoin tenk1 c on a.unique2 = b.unique1 and c.thousand = a.thousand join int4_tbl on b.thousand = f1;
explain (costs off) select b.unique1 from
tenk1 a join tenk1 b on a.unique1 = b.unique2 leftjoin tenk1 c on b.unique1 = 42and c.thousand = a.thousand join int4_tbl i1 on b.thousand = f1 rightjoin int4_tbl i2 on i2.f1 = b.tenthous orderby1;
select b.unique1 from
tenk1 a join tenk1 b on a.unique1 = b.unique2 leftjoin tenk1 c on b.unique1 = 42and c.thousand = a.thousand join int4_tbl i1 on b.thousand = f1 rightjoin int4_tbl i2 on i2.f1 = b.tenthous orderby1;
explain (costs off) select * from
( select unique1, q1, coalesce(unique1, -1) + q1 as fault from int8_tbl leftjoin tenk1 on (q2 = unique2)
) ss where fault = 122 orderby fault;
select * from
( select unique1, q1, coalesce(unique1, -1) + q1 as fault from int8_tbl leftjoin tenk1 on (q2 = unique2)
) ss where fault = 122 orderby fault;
explain (costs off) select * from
(values (1, array[10,20]), (2, array[20,30])) as v1(v1x,v1ys) leftjoin (values (1, 10), (2, 20)) as v2(v2x,v2y) on v2x = v1x leftjoin unnest(v1ys) as u1(u1y) on u1y = v2y;
select * from
(values (1, array[10,20]), (2, array[20,30])) as v1(v1x,v1ys) leftjoin (values (1, 10), (2, 20)) as v2(v2x,v2y) on v2x = v1x leftjoin unnest(v1ys) as u1(u1y) on u1y = v2y;
-- -- test handling of potential equivalence clauses above outer joins --
explain (costs off) select q1, unique2, thousand, hundred from int8_tbl a leftjoin tenk1 b on q1 = unique2 where coalesce(thousand,123) = q1 and q1 = coalesce(hundred,123);
select q1, unique2, thousand, hundred from int8_tbl a leftjoin tenk1 b on q1 = unique2 where coalesce(thousand,123) = q1 and q1 = coalesce(hundred,123);
explain (costs off) select f1, unique2, casewhen unique2 isnullthen f1 else0 end from int4_tbl a leftjoin tenk1 b on f1 = unique2 where (casewhen unique2 isnullthen f1 else0 end) = 0;
select f1, unique2, casewhen unique2 isnullthen f1 else0 end from int4_tbl a leftjoin tenk1 b on f1 = unique2 where (casewhen unique2 isnullthen f1 else0 end) = 0;
-- -- another case with equivalence clauses above outer joins (bug #8591) --
explain (costs off) select a.unique1, b.unique1, c.unique1, coalesce(b.twothousand, a.twothousand) from tenk1 a leftjoin tenk1 b on b.thousand = a.unique1 leftjoin tenk1 c on c.unique2 = coalesce(b.twothousand, a.twothousand) where a.unique2 < 10and coalesce(b.twothousand, a.twothousand) = 44;
select a.unique1, b.unique1, c.unique1, coalesce(b.twothousand, a.twothousand) from tenk1 a leftjoin tenk1 b on b.thousand = a.unique1 leftjoin tenk1 c on c.unique2 = coalesce(b.twothousand, a.twothousand) where a.unique2 < 10and coalesce(b.twothousand, a.twothousand) = 44;
-- related case
explain (costs off) select * from int8_tbl t1 leftjoin int8_tbl t2 on t1.q2 = t2.q1,
lateral (select * from int8_tbl t3 where t2.q1 = t2.q2) ss;
select * from int8_tbl t1 leftjoin int8_tbl t2 on t1.q2 = t2.q1,
lateral (select * from int8_tbl t3 where t2.q1 = t2.q2) ss;
-- -- check handling of join aliases when flattening multiple levels of subquery --
explain (verbose, costs off) select foo1.join_key as foo1_id, foo3.join_key AS foo3_id, bug_field from
(values (0),(1)) foo1(join_key) leftjoin
(select join_key, bug_field from
(select ss1.join_key, ss1.bug_field from
(select f1 as join_key, 666as bug_field from int4_tbl i1) ss1
) foo2 leftjoin
(select unique2 as join_key from tenk1 i2) ss2 using (join_key)
) foo3 using (join_key);
select foo1.join_key as foo1_id, foo3.join_key AS foo3_id, bug_field from
(values (0),(1)) foo1(join_key) leftjoin
(select join_key, bug_field from
(select ss1.join_key, ss1.bug_field from
(select f1 as join_key, 666as bug_field from int4_tbl i1) ss1
) foo2 leftjoin
(select unique2 as join_key from tenk1 i2) ss2 using (join_key)
) foo3 using (join_key);
-- -- check handling of a variable-free join alias -- explain (verbose, costs off) select * from
int4_tbl i0 leftjoin
( (select *, 123as x from int4_tbl i1) ss1 leftjoin
(select *, q2 as x from int8_tbl i2) ss2 using (x)
) ss0 on (i0.f1 = ss0.f1) orderby i0.f1, x;
select * from
int4_tbl i0 leftjoin
( (select *, 123as x from int4_tbl i1) ss1 leftjoin
(select *, q2 as x from int8_tbl i2) ss2 using (x)
) ss0 on (i0.f1 = ss0.f1) orderby i0.f1, x;
-- -- test successful handling of nested outer joins with degenerate join quals --
explain (verbose, costs off) select t1.* from
text_tbl t1 leftjoin (select *, '***'::text as d1 from int8_tbl i8b1) b1 leftjoin int8_tbl i8 leftjoin (select *, null::intas d2 from int8_tbl i8b2) b2 on (i8.q1 = b2.q1) on (b2.d2 = b1.q2) on (t1.f1 = b1.d1) leftjoin int4_tbl i4 on (i8.q2 = i4.f1);
select t1.* from
text_tbl t1 leftjoin (select *, '***'::text as d1 from int8_tbl i8b1) b1 leftjoin int8_tbl i8 leftjoin (select *, null::intas d2 from int8_tbl i8b2) b2 on (i8.q1 = b2.q1) on (b2.d2 = b1.q2) on (t1.f1 = b1.d1) leftjoin int4_tbl i4 on (i8.q2 = i4.f1);
explain (verbose, costs off) select t1.* from
text_tbl t1 leftjoin (select *, '***'::text as d1 from int8_tbl i8b1) b1 leftjoin int8_tbl i8 leftjoin (select *, null::intas d2 from int8_tbl i8b2, int4_tbl i4b2) b2 on (i8.q1 = b2.q1) on (b2.d2 = b1.q2) on (t1.f1 = b1.d1) leftjoin int4_tbl i4 on (i8.q2 = i4.f1);
select t1.* from
text_tbl t1 leftjoin (select *, '***'::text as d1 from int8_tbl i8b1) b1 leftjoin int8_tbl i8 leftjoin (select *, null::intas d2 from int8_tbl i8b2, int4_tbl i4b2) b2 on (i8.q1 = b2.q1) on (b2.d2 = b1.q2) on (t1.f1 = b1.d1) leftjoin int4_tbl i4 on (i8.q2 = i4.f1);
explain (verbose, costs off) select t1.* from
text_tbl t1 leftjoin (select *, '***'::text as d1 from int8_tbl i8b1) b1 leftjoin int8_tbl i8 leftjoin (select *, null::intas d2 from int8_tbl i8b2, int4_tbl i4b2 where q1 = f1) b2 on (i8.q1 = b2.q1) on (b2.d2 = b1.q2) on (t1.f1 = b1.d1) leftjoin int4_tbl i4 on (i8.q2 = i4.f1);
select t1.* from
text_tbl t1 leftjoin (select *, '***'::text as d1 from int8_tbl i8b1) b1 leftjoin int8_tbl i8 leftjoin (select *, null::intas d2 from int8_tbl i8b2, int4_tbl i4b2 where q1 = f1) b2 on (i8.q1 = b2.q1) on (b2.d2 = b1.q2) on (t1.f1 = b1.d1) leftjoin int4_tbl i4 on (i8.q2 = i4.f1);
explain (verbose, costs off) select * from
text_tbl t1 innerjoin int8_tbl i8 on i8.q2 = 456 rightjoin text_tbl t2 on t1.f1 = 'doh!' leftjoin int4_tbl i4 on i8.q1 = i4.f1;
select * from
text_tbl t1 innerjoin int8_tbl i8 on i8.q2 = 456 rightjoin text_tbl t2 on t1.f1 = 'doh!' leftjoin int4_tbl i4 on i8.q1 = i4.f1;
-- check handling of a variable-free qual for a non-commutable outer join explain (costs off) select nspname from (select1as x) ss1 leftjoin
( select n.nspname, c.relname from pg_class c leftjoin pg_namespace n on n.oid = c.relnamespace where c.relkind = 'r'
) ss2 onfalse;
-- check handling of apparently-commutable outer joins with non-commutable -- joins between them explain (costs off) select1from
int4_tbl i4 leftjoin int8_tbl i8 on i4.f1 isnotnull leftjoin (select1as a) ss1 onnull join int4_tbl i42 on ss1.a isnullor i8.q1 <> i8.q2 rightjoin (select2as b) ss2 on ss2.b < i4.f1;
-- -- test for appropriate join order in the presence of lateral references --
explain (verbose, costs off) select * from
text_tbl t1 leftjoin int8_tbl i8 on i8.q2 = 123,
lateral (select i8.q1, t2.f1 from text_tbl t2 limit1) as ss where t1.f1 = ss.f1;
select * from
text_tbl t1 leftjoin int8_tbl i8 on i8.q2 = 123,
lateral (select i8.q1, t2.f1 from text_tbl t2 limit1) as ss where t1.f1 = ss.f1;
explain (verbose, costs off) select * from
text_tbl t1 leftjoin int8_tbl i8 on i8.q2 = 123,
lateral (select i8.q1, t2.f1 from text_tbl t2 limit1) as ss1,
lateral (select ss1.* from text_tbl t3 limit1) as ss2 where t1.f1 = ss2.f1;
select * from
text_tbl t1 leftjoin int8_tbl i8 on i8.q2 = 123,
lateral (select i8.q1, t2.f1 from text_tbl t2 limit1) as ss1,
lateral (select ss1.* from text_tbl t3 limit1) as ss2 where t1.f1 = ss2.f1;
explain (verbose, costs off) select1from
text_tbl as tt1 innerjoin text_tbl as tt2 on (tt1.f1 = 'foo') leftjoin text_tbl as tt3 on (tt3.f1 = 'foo') leftjoin text_tbl as tt4 on (tt3.f1 = tt4.f1),
lateral (select tt4.f1 as c0 from text_tbl as tt5 limit1) as ss1 where tt1.f1 = ss1.c0;
select1from
text_tbl as tt1 innerjoin text_tbl as tt2 on (tt1.f1 = 'foo') leftjoin text_tbl as tt3 on (tt3.f1 = 'foo') leftjoin text_tbl as tt4 on (tt3.f1 = tt4.f1),
lateral (select tt4.f1 as c0 from text_tbl as tt5 limit1) as ss1 where tt1.f1 = ss1.c0;
explain (verbose, costs off) select1from
int4_tbl as i4 innerjoin
((select42as n from int4_tbl x1 leftjoin int8_tbl x2 on f1 = q1) as ss1 rightjoin (select1as z) as ss2 ontrue) onfalse,
lateral (select i4.f1, ss1.n from int8_tbl as i8 limit1) as ss3;
select1from
int4_tbl as i4 innerjoin
((select42as n from int4_tbl x1 leftjoin int8_tbl x2 on f1 = q1) as ss1 rightjoin (select1as z) as ss2 ontrue) onfalse,
lateral (select i4.f1, ss1.n from int8_tbl as i8 limit1) as ss3;
-- -- check a case where we formerly generated invalid parameterized paths --
begin;
create temp table t (a intunique);
explain (costs off) select1from t t1 join lateral (select t1.a from (select1) foo offset 0) as s1 ontrue join
(select1from t t2 innerjoin (t t3 leftjoin (t t4 leftjoin t t5 on t4.a = 1) on t3.a = t4.a) onfalse where t3.a = coalesce(t5.a,1)) as s2 ontrue;
rollback;
-- -- check a case in which a PlaceHolderVar forces join order --
explain (verbose, costs off) select ss2.* from
int4_tbl i41 leftjoin int8_tbl i8 join (select i42.f1 as c1, i43.f1 as c2, 42as c3 from int4_tbl i42, int4_tbl i43) ss1 on i8.q1 = ss1.c2 on i41.f1 = ss1.c1,
lateral (select i41.*, i8.*, ss1.* from text_tbl limit1) ss2 where ss1.c2 = 0;
select ss2.* from
int4_tbl i41 leftjoin int8_tbl i8 join (select i42.f1 as c1, i43.f1 as c2, 42as c3 from int4_tbl i42, int4_tbl i43) ss1 on i8.q1 = ss1.c2 on i41.f1 = ss1.c1,
lateral (select i41.*, i8.*, ss1.* from text_tbl limit1) ss2 where ss1.c2 = 0;
-- -- test successful handling of full join underneath left join (bug #14105) --
explain (costs off) select * from
(select1as id) as xx leftjoin
(tenk1 as a1 full join (select1as id) as yy on (a1.unique1 = yy.id)) on (xx.id = coalesce(yy.id));
select * from
(select1as id) as xx leftjoin
(tenk1 as a1 full join (select1as id) as yy on (a1.unique1 = yy.id)) on (xx.id = coalesce(yy.id));
-- -- test ability to push constants through outer join clauses --
explain (costs off) select * from int4_tbl a leftjoin tenk1 b on f1 = unique2 where f1 = 0;
explain (costs off) select * from tenk1 a full join tenk1 b using(unique2) where unique2 = 42;
-- -- test that quals attached to an outer join have correct semantics, -- specifically that they don't re-use expressions computed below the join; -- we force a mergejoin so that coalesce(b.q1, 1) appears as a join input --
set enable_hashjoin to off; set enable_nestloop to off;
explain (verbose, costs off) select a.q2, b.q1 from int8_tbl a leftjoin int8_tbl b on a.q2 = coalesce(b.q1, 1) where coalesce(b.q1, 1) > 0; select a.q2, b.q1 from int8_tbl a leftjoin int8_tbl b on a.q2 = coalesce(b.q1, 1) where coalesce(b.q1, 1) > 0;
reset enable_hashjoin;
reset enable_nestloop;
-- -- test join strength reduction with a SubPlan providing the proof --
explain (costs off) select a.unique1, b.unique2 from onek a leftjoin onek b on a.unique1 = b.unique2 where (b.unique2, random() > 0) = any (select q1, random() > 0from int8_tbl c where c.q1 < b.unique1);
select a.unique1, b.unique2 from onek a leftjoin onek b on a.unique1 = b.unique2 where (b.unique2, random() > 0) = any (select q1, random() > 0from int8_tbl c where c.q1 < b.unique1);
-- -- test full-join strength reduction --
explain (costs off) select a.unique1, b.unique2 from onek a full join onek b on a.unique1 = b.unique2 where a.unique1 = 42;
select a.unique1, b.unique2 from onek a full join onek b on a.unique1 = b.unique2 where a.unique1 = 42;
explain (costs off) select a.unique1, b.unique2 from onek a full join onek b on a.unique1 = b.unique2 where b.unique2 = 43;
select a.unique1, b.unique2 from onek a full join onek b on a.unique1 = b.unique2 where b.unique2 = 43;
explain (costs off) select a.unique1, b.unique2 from onek a full join onek b on a.unique1 = b.unique2 where a.unique1 = 42and b.unique2 = 42;
select a.unique1, b.unique2 from onek a full join onek b on a.unique1 = b.unique2 where a.unique1 = 42and b.unique2 = 42;
-- -- test result-RTE removal underneath a full join --
explain (costs off) select * from
(select * from int8_tbl i81 join (values(123,2)) v(v1,v2) on q2=v1) ss1
full join
(select * from (values(456,2)) w(v1,v2) join int8_tbl i82 on q2=v1) ss2 ontrue;
select * from
(select * from int8_tbl i81 join (values(123,2)) v(v1,v2) on q2=v1) ss1
full join
(select * from (values(456,2)) w(v1,v2) join int8_tbl i82 on q2=v1) ss2 ontrue;
-- -- test join removal --
begin;
CREATE TEMP TABLE a (id intPRIMARYKEY, b_id int); CREATE TEMP TABLE b (id intPRIMARYKEY, c_id int); CREATE TEMP TABLE c (id intPRIMARYKEY); CREATE TEMP TABLE d (a int, b int); CREATE TEMP TABLE e (id1 int, id2 int, PRIMARYKEY(id1, id2)); INSERTINTO a VALUES (0, 0), (1, NULL); INSERTINTO b VALUES (0, 0), (1, NULL); INSERTINTO c VALUES (0), (1); INSERTINTO d VALUES (1,3), (2,2), (3,1); INSERTINTO e VALUES (0,0), (2,2), (3,1);
-- all these cases should be optimizable into a simple seqscan explain (costs off) SELECT a.* FROM a LEFTJOIN b ON a.b_id = b.id; explain (costs off) SELECT b.* FROM b LEFTJOIN c ON b.c_id = c.id; explain (costs off) SELECT a.* FROM a LEFTJOIN (b leftjoin c on b.c_id = c.id) ON (a.b_id = b.id); explain (costs off) SELECT a.* FROM a LEFTJOIN b ON a.id = b.id LEFTJOIN e ON e.id1 = a.b_id AND b.c_id = e.id2;
-- check optimization of outer join within another special join explain (costs off) select id from a where id in ( select b.id from b leftjoin c on b.id = c.id
);
-- check optimization with oddly-nested outer joins explain (costs off) select a1.id from
(a a1 leftjoin a a2 ontrue) leftjoin
(a a3 leftjoin a a4 on a3.id = a4.id) on a2.id = a3.id;
explain (costs off) select a1.id from
(a a1 leftjoin a a2 on a1.id = a2.id) leftjoin
(a a3 leftjoin a a4 on a3.id = a4.id) on a2.id = a3.id;
explain (costs off) select1from a t1 leftjoin a t2 ontrue innerjoin a t3 ontrue leftjoin a t4 on t2.id = t4.id and t2.id = t3.id;
-- another example (bug #17781) explain (costs off) select ss1.f1 from int4_tbl as t1 leftjoin (int4_tbl as t2 rightjoin int4_tbl as t3 onnull leftjoin (int4_tbl as t4 rightjoin int8_tbl as t5 onnull) on t2.f1 = t4.f1 leftjoin ((selectnullas f1 from int4_tbl as t6) as ss1 innerjoin int8_tbl as t7 onnull) on t5.q1 = t7.q2) onfalse;
-- variant with Var rather than PHV coming from t6 explain (costs off) select ss1.f1 from int4_tbl as t1 leftjoin (int4_tbl as t2 rightjoin int4_tbl as t3 onnull leftjoin (int4_tbl as t4 rightjoin int8_tbl as t5 onnull) on t2.f1 = t4.f1 leftjoin ((select f1 from int4_tbl as t6) as ss1 innerjoin int8_tbl as t7 onnull) on t5.q1 = t7.q2) onfalse;
-- per further discussion of bug #17781 explain (costs off) select ss1.x from (select f1/2as x from int4_tbl i4 leftjoin a on a.id = i4.f1) ss1 rightjoin int8_tbl i8 ontrue wherecurrent_userisnotnull; -- this is to add a Result node
-- and further discussion of bug #17781 explain (costs off) select * from int8_tbl t1 leftjoin (int8_tbl t2 leftjoin onek t3 on t2.q1 > t3.unique1) on t1.q2 = t2.q2 leftjoin onek t4 on t2.q2 < t3.unique2;
-- bug #19460: we need to clean up RestrictInfos more than we had been doing explain (costs off) select * from
(select1::intas id) as lhs
full join
(select dummy_source.id from (selectnull::intas id) as dummy_source leftjoin (select a.id from a where a.id = 42) as sub on sub.id = dummy_source.id
) as rhs on lhs.id = rhs.id;
explain (costs off) select * from
(select1::intas id) as lhs
full join
(select dummy_source.id from (select2::intas id) as dummy_source leftjoin (select a.id from a) as sub on sub.id = dummy_source.id
) as rhs on lhs.id = rhs.id;
-- More tests of correct placement of pseudoconstant quals
-- simple constant-false condition explain (costs off) select * from int8_tbl t1 leftjoin
(int8_tbl t2 innerjoin int8_tbl t3 onfalse leftjoin int8_tbl t4 on t2.q2 = t4.q2) on t1.q1 = t2.q1;
-- deduce constant-false from an EquivalenceClass explain (costs off) select * from int8_tbl t1 leftjoin
(int8_tbl t2 innerjoin int8_tbl t3 on (t2.q1-t3.q2) = 0and (t2.q1-t3.q2) = 1 leftjoin int8_tbl t4 on t2.q2 = t4.q2) on t1.q1 = t2.q1;
-- pseudoconstant based on an outer-level Param explain (costs off) selectexists( select * from int8_tbl t1 leftjoin
(int8_tbl t2 innerjoin int8_tbl t3 on x0.f1 = 1 leftjoin int8_tbl t4 on t2.q2 = t4.q2) on t1.q1 = t2.q1
) from int4_tbl x0;
-- check that join removal works for a left join when joining a subquery -- that is guaranteed to be unique by its GROUP BY clause explain (costs off) select d.* from d leftjoin (select * from b groupby b.id, b.c_id) s on d.a = s.id and d.b = s.c_id;
-- similarly, but keying off a DISTINCT clause explain (costs off) select d.* from d leftjoin (selectdistinct * from b) s on d.a = s.id and d.b = s.c_id;
-- join removal is not possible when the GROUP BY contains a column that is -- not in the join condition. (Note: as of 9.6, we notice that b.id is a -- primary key and so drop b.c_id from the GROUP BY of the resulting plan; -- but this happens too late for join removal in the outer plan level.) explain (costs off) select d.* from d leftjoin (select * from b groupby b.id, b.c_id) s on d.a = s.id;
-- similarly, but keying off a DISTINCT clause explain (costs off) select d.* from d leftjoin (selectdistinct * from b) s on d.a = s.id;
-- join removal is not possible here explain (costs off) select1from a t1 leftjoin (a t2 leftjoin a t3 on t2.id = 1) on t2.id = 1;
-- check join removal works when uniqueness of the join condition is enforced -- by a UNION explain (costs off) select d.* from d leftjoin (select id from a unionselect id from b) s on d.a = s.id;
-- check join removal with a cross-type comparison operator explain (costs off) select i8.* from int8_tbl i8 leftjoin (select f1 from int4_tbl groupby f1) i4 on i8.q1 = i4.f1;
-- check join removal with lateral references explain (costs off) select1from (select a.id FROM a leftjoin b on a.b_id = b.id) q,
lateral generate_series(1, q.id) gs(i) where q.id = gs.i;
-- check join removal within RHS of an outer join explain (costs off) select c.id, ss.a from c leftjoin (select d.a from onerow, d leftjoin b on d.a = b.id) ss on c.id = ss.a;
-- check the case when the placeholder relates to an outer join and its -- inner in the press field but actually uses only the outer side of the join explain (costs off) SELECT q.val FROM b LEFTJOIN ( SELECT (q1.z ISNOTNULL) AS val FROM b LEFTJOIN ( SELECT (t1.b_id ISNOTNULL) AS z FROM a t1 LEFTJOIN a t2 USING (id)
) AS q1 ONtrue
) AS q ONtrue;
CREATE TEMP TABLE parted_b (id intPRIMARYKEY) partition by range(id); CREATE TEMP TABLE parted_b1 partition of parted_b forvaluesfrom (0) to (10);
-- test join removals on a partitioned table explain (costs off) select a.* from a leftjoin parted_b pb on a.b_id = pb.id;
-- this case is optimizable select p.* from parent p leftjoin child c on (p.k = c.k); explain (costs off) select p.* from parent p leftjoin child c on (p.k = c.k);
-- this case is not select p.*, linked from parent p leftjoin (select c.*, trueas linked from child c) as ss on (p.k = ss.k); explain (costs off) select p.*, linked from parent p leftjoin (select c.*, trueas linked from child c) as ss on (p.k = ss.k);
-- check for a 9.0rc1 bug: join removal breaks pseudoconstant qual handling select p.* from
parent p leftjoin child c on (p.k = c.k) where p.k = 1and p.k = 2; explain (costs off) select p.* from
parent p leftjoin child c on (p.k = c.k) where p.k = 1and p.k = 2;
select p.* from
(parent p leftjoin child c on (p.k = c.k)) join parent x on p.k = x.k where p.k = 1and p.k = 2; explain (costs off) select p.* from
(parent p leftjoin child c on (p.k = c.k)) join parent x on p.k = x.k where p.k = 1and p.k = 2;
-- bug 5255: this is not optimizable by join removal
begin;
CREATE TEMP TABLE a (id intPRIMARYKEY); CREATE TEMP TABLE b (id intPRIMARYKEY, a_id int); INSERTINTO a VALUES (0), (1); INSERTINTO b VALUES (0, 0), (1, NULL);
SELECT * FROM b LEFTJOIN a ON (b.a_id = a.id) WHERE (a.id ISNULLOR a.id > 0); SELECT b.* FROM b LEFTJOIN a ON (b.a_id = a.id) WHERE (a.id ISNULLOR a.id > 0);
rollback;
-- another join removal bug: this is not optimizable, either
begin;
SELECT * FROM
(SELECT1AS x) ss1 LEFTJOIN
(SELECT q1, q2, COALESCE(dat1, q1) AS y FROM int8_tbl LEFTJOIN innertab ON q2 = id) ss2 ONtrue;
-- join removal bug #17769: can't remove if there's a pushed-down reference EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT q2 FROM
(SELECT * FROM int8_tbl LEFTJOIN innertab ON q2 = id) ss WHERE COALESCE(dat1, 0) = q1;
-- join removal bug #17773: otherwise-removable PHV appears in a qual condition EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF) SELECT q2 FROM
(SELECT q2, 'constant'::text AS x FROM int8_tbl LEFTJOIN innertab ON q2 = id) ss RIGHTJOIN int4_tbl ONNULL WHERE x >= x;
-- join removal bug #17786: check that OR conditions are cleaned up EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT f1, x FROM int4_tbl JOIN ((SELECT42AS x FROM int8_tbl LEFTJOIN innertab ON q1 = id) AS ss1 RIGHTJOIN tenk1 ONNULL) ON tenk1.unique1 = ss1.x OR tenk1.unique2 = ss1.x;
rollback;
-- another join removal bug: we must clean up correctly when removing a PHV
begin;
create temp table uniquetbl (f1 text unique);
explain (costs off) select t1.* from
uniquetbl as t1 leftjoin (select *, '***'::text as d1 from uniquetbl) t2 on t1.f1 = t2.f1 leftjoin uniquetbl t3 on t2.d1 = t3.f1;
explain (costs off) select t0.* from
text_tbl t0 leftjoin
(selectcase t1.ten when0then'doh!'::text elsenull::text end as case1,
t1.stringu2 from tenk1 t1 join int4_tbl i4 ON i4.f1 = t1.unique2 leftjoin uniquetbl u1 ON u1.f1 = t1.string4) ss on t0.f1 = ss.case1 where ss.stringu2 !~* ss.case1;
select t0.* from
text_tbl t0 leftjoin
(selectcase t1.ten when0then'doh!'::text elsenull::text end as case1,
t1.stringu2 from tenk1 t1 join int4_tbl i4 ON i4.f1 = t1.unique2 leftjoin uniquetbl u1 ON u1.f1 = t1.string4) ss on t0.f1 = ss.case1 where ss.stringu2 !~* ss.case1;
rollback;
-- another join removal bug: we must clean up EquivalenceClasses too
begin;
create temp table t (a intunique); insertinto t values (1);
explain (costs off) select1 from t t1 leftjoin (select2as c from t t2 leftjoin t t3 on t2.a = t3.a) s ontrue where t1.a = s.c;
select1 from t t1 leftjoin (select2as c from t t2 leftjoin t t3 on t2.a = t3.a) s ontrue where t1.a = s.c;
rollback;
-- check handling of semijoins after join removal: we must suppress -- unique-ification of known-constant values
begin;
create temp table t (a intunique, b int); insertinto t values (1, 2);
explain (verbose, costs off) select t1.a from t t1 leftjoin t t2 on t1.a = t2.a join t t3 ontrue whereexists (select1from t t4 join t t5 on t4.b = t5.b join t t6 on t5.b = t6.b where t1.a = t4.a and t3.a = t5.a and t4.a = 1);
select t1.a from t t1 leftjoin t t2 on t1.a = t2.a join t t3 ontrue whereexists (select1from t t4 join t t5 on t4.b = t5.b join t t6 on t5.b = t6.b where t1.a = t4.a and t3.a = t5.a and t4.a = 1);
rollback;
-- check handling of semijoins if all RHS columns are equated to constants: we -- should suppress unique-ification in this case.
begin;
create temp table t (a int, b int); insertinto t values (1, 2);
explain (costs off) select * from t t1, t t2 whereexists
(select1from t t3 where t1.a = t3.a and t2.b = t3.b and t3.a = 1and t3.b = 2);
select * from t t1, t t2 whereexists
(select1from t t3 where t1.a = t3.a and t2.b = t3.b and t3.a = 1and t3.b = 2);
rollback;
-- check handling of semijoin unique-ification for child relations if all RHS -- columns are equated to constants.
begin;
create temp table p (a int, b int) partition by range (a); create temp table p1 partition of p forvaluesfrom (0) to (10); create temp table p2 partition of p forvaluesfrom (10) to (20); insertinto p values (1, 2); insertinto p values (10, 20);
set enable_partitionwise_join toon;
explain (costs off) select * from p t1 whereexists
(select1from p t2 where t1.a = t2.a and t1.a = 1);
select * from p t1 whereexists
(select1from p t2 where t1.a = t2.a and t1.a = 1);
rollback;
-- test cases where we can remove a join, but not a PHV computed at it
begin;
create temp table t (a intunique, b int); insertinto t values (1,1), (2,2);
explain (costs off) select1 from t t1 leftjoin (select t2.a, 1as c from t t2 leftjoin t t3 on t2.a = t3.a) s ontrue leftjoin t t4 ontrue where s.a < s.c;
explain (costs off) select t1.a, s.* from t t1 leftjoin lateral (select t2.a, coalesce(t1.a, 1) as c from t t2 leftjoin t t3 on t2.a = t3.a) s ontrue leftjoin t t4 ontrue where s.a < s.c;
select t1.a, s.* from t t1 leftjoin lateral (select t2.a, coalesce(t1.a, 1) as c from t t2 leftjoin t t3 on t2.a = t3.a) s ontrue leftjoin t t4 ontrue where s.a < s.c;
rollback;
-- test case to expose miscomputation of required relid set for a PHV explain (verbose, costs off) select i8.*, ss.v, t.unique2 from int8_tbl i8 leftjoin int4_tbl i4 on i4.f1 = 1 leftjoin lateral (select i4.f1 + 1as v) as ss ontrue leftjoin tenk1 t on t.unique2 = ss.v where q2 = 456;
select i8.*, ss.v, t.unique2 from int8_tbl i8 leftjoin int4_tbl i4 on i4.f1 = 1 leftjoin lateral (select i4.f1 + 1as v) as ss ontrue leftjoin tenk1 t on t.unique2 = ss.v where q2 = 456;
-- and check a related issue where we miscompute required relids for -- a PHV that's been translated to a child rel create temp table parttbl (a integerprimarykey) partition by range (a); create temp table parttbl1 partition of parttbl forvaluesfrom (1) to (100); insertinto parttbl values (11), (12); explain (costs off) select * from
(select *, 12as phv from parttbl) as ss rightjoin int4_tbl ontrue where ss.a = ss.phv and f1 = 0;
select * from
(select *, 12as phv from parttbl) as ss rightjoin int4_tbl ontrue where ss.a = ss.phv and f1 = 0;
select * from
int8_tbl x join (int4_tbl x crossjoin int4_tbl y) j on q1 = f1; -- error select * from
int8_tbl x join (int4_tbl x crossjoin int4_tbl y) j on q1 = y.f1; -- error select * from
int8_tbl x join (int4_tbl x crossjoin int4_tbl y(ff)) j on q1 = f1; -- ok
-- -- test that semi- or inner self-joins on a unique column are removed --
-- enable only nestloop to get more predictable plans set enable_hashjoin to off; set enable_mergejoin to off;
createtable sj (a intunique, b int, c intunique); insertinto sj values (1, null, 2), (null, 2, null), (2, 1, 1); analyze sj;
-- Trivial self-join case. explain (costs off) select p.* from sj p, sj q where q.a = p.a and q.b = q.a - 1; select p.* from sj p, sj q where q.a = p.a and q.b = q.a - 1;
-- Self-join removal performs after a subquery pull-up process and could remove -- such kind of self-join too. Check this option. explain (costs off) select * from sj p whereexists (select * from sj q where q.a = p.a and q.b < 10); select * from sj p whereexists (select * from sj q where q.a = p.a and q.b < 10);
-- Don't remove self-join for the case of equality of two different unique columns. explain (costs off) select * from sj t1, sj t2 where t1.a = t2.c and t1.b isnotnull;
-- Ensure that relations with TABLESAMPLE clauses are not considered as -- candidates to be removed explain (costs off) select * from sj t1 join lateral
(select * from sj tablesample system(t1.b)) s on t1.a = s.a;
-- Ensure that SJE does not form a self-referential lateral dependency explain (costs off) select * from sj t1 leftjoin lateral
(select t1.a as t1a, * from sj t2) s ontrue where t1.a = s.a;
-- Degenerated case. explain (costs off) select * from
(select a as x from sj wherefalse) as q1,
(select a as y from sj wherefalse) as q2 where q1.x = q2.y;
-- We can't use a cross-EC generated self join qual because of current logic of -- the generate_join_implied_equalities routine. explain (costs off) select * from sj t1, sj t2 where t1.a = t1.b and t1.b = t2.b and t2.b = t2.a; explain (costs off) select * from sj t1, sj t2, sj t3 where t1.a = t1.b and t1.b = t2.b and t2.b = t2.a and
t1.b = t3.b and t3.b = t3.a;
-- Double self-join removal. -- Use a condition on "b + 1", not on "b", for the second join, so that -- the equivalence class is different from the first one, and we can -- test the non-ec code path. explain (costs off) select * from sj t1 join sj t2 on t1.a = t2.a and t1.b = t2.b join sj t3 on t2.a = t3.a and t2.b + 1 = t3.b + 1;
-- subselect that references the removed relation explain (costs off) select t1.a, (select a from sj where a = t2.a and a = t1.a) from sj t1, sj t2 where t1.a = t2.a;
-- self-join under outer join explain (costs off) select * from sj x join sj y on x.a = y.a leftjoin int8_tbl z on x.a = z.q1;
explain (costs off) select * from sj x join sj y on x.a = y.a leftjoin int8_tbl z on y.a = z.q1;
explain (costs off) select * from ( select t1.*, t2.a as ax from sj t1 join sj t2 on (t1.a = t2.a and t1.c * t1.c = t2.c + 2and t2.b isnull)
) as q1 leftjoin
(select t3.* from sj t3, sj t4 where t3.c = t4.c) as q2 on q1.ax = q2.a;
-- Test that placeholders are updated correctly after join removal explain (costs off) select * from (values (1)) x leftjoin (select coalesce(y.q1, 1) from int8_tbl y rightjoin sj j1 innerjoin sj j2 on j1.a = j2.a ontrue) z ontrue;
-- Test that references to the removed rel in lateral subqueries are replaced -- correctly after join removal explain (verbose, costs off) select t3.a from sj t1 join sj t2 on t1.a = t2.a join lateral (select t1.a offset 0) t3 ontrue;
explain (verbose, costs off) select t3.a from sj t1 join sj t2 on t1.a = t2.a join lateral (select * from (select t1.a offset 0) offset 0) t3 ontrue;
explain (verbose, costs off) select t4.a from sj t1 join sj t2 on t1.a = t2.a join lateral (select t3.a from sj t3, (select t1.a) offset 0) t4 ontrue;
-- Check updating of semi_rhs_exprs links from upper-level semi join to -- the removing relation explain (verbose, costs off) select t1.a from sj t1 where t1.b in ( select t2.b from sj t2 join sj t3 on t2.c=t3.c);
-- -- SJE corner case: uniqueness of an inner is [partially] derived from -- baserestrictinfo clauses. -- XXX: We really should allow SJE for these corner cases? --
INSERTINTO sj VALUES (3, 1, 3);
-- Don't remove SJ EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM sj j1, sj j2 WHERE j1.b = j2.b AND j1.a = 2AND j2.a = 3; -- Return one row SELECT * FROM sj j1, sj j2 WHERE j1.b = j2.b AND j1.a = 2AND j2.a = 3;
-- Remove SJ, define uniqueness by a constant EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM sj j1, sj j2 WHERE j1.b = j2.b AND j1.a = 2AND j2.a = 2; -- Return one row SELECT * FROM sj j1, sj j2 WHERE j1.b = j2.b AND j1.a = 2AND j2.a = 2;
-- Remove SJ, define uniqueness by a constant expression EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM sj j1, sj j2 WHERE j1.b = j2.b AND j1.a = (EXTRACT(DOW FROMcurrent_timestamp(0))/15 + 3)::int AND (EXTRACT(DOW FROMcurrent_timestamp(0))/15 + 3)::int = j2.a; -- Return one row SELECT * FROM sj j1, sj j2 WHERE j1.b = j2.b AND j1.a = (EXTRACT(DOW FROMcurrent_timestamp(0))/15 + 3)::int AND (EXTRACT(DOW FROMcurrent_timestamp(0))/15 + 3)::int = j2.a;
-- Remove SJ EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM sj j1, sj j2 WHERE j1.b = j2.b AND j1.a = 1AND j2.a = 1; -- Return no rows SELECT * FROM sj j1, sj j2 WHERE j1.b = j2.b AND j1.a = 1AND j2.a = 1;
-- Shuffle a clause. Remove SJ EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM sj j1, sj j2 WHERE j1.b = j2.b AND1 = j1.a AND j2.a = 1; -- Return no rows SELECT * FROM sj j1, sj j2 WHERE j1.b = j2.b AND1 = j1.a AND j2.a = 1;
-- SJE Corner case: a 'a.x=a.x' clause, have replaced with 'a.x IS NOT NULL' -- after SJ elimination it shouldn't be a mergejoinable clause. EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT t4.* FROM (SELECT t1.*, t2.a AS a1 FROM sj t1, sj t2 WHERE t1.b = t2.b) AS t3 JOIN sj t4 ON (t4.a = t3.a) WHERE t3.a1 = 42; SELECT t4.* FROM (SELECT t1.*, t2.a AS a1 FROM sj t1, sj t2 WHERE t1.b = t2.b) AS t3 JOIN sj t4 ON (t4.a = t3.a) WHERE t3.a1 = 42;
-- Functional index CREATEUNIQUEINDEX sj_fn_idx ON sj((a * a));
-- Remove SJ EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM sj j1, sj j2 WHERE j1.b = j2.b AND j1.a*j1.a = 1AND j2.a*j2.a = 1; -- Don't remove SJ EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM sj j1, sj j2 WHERE j1.b = j2.b AND j1.a*j1.a = 1AND j2.a*j2.a = 2;
-- Restriction contains expressions in both sides, Remove SJ. EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM sj j1, sj j2 WHERE j1.b = j2.b AND (j1.a*j1.a) = (EXTRACT(DOW FROMcurrent_timestamp(0))/15 + 3)::int AND (EXTRACT(DOW FROMcurrent_timestamp(0))/15 + 3)::int = (j2.a*j2.a); -- Empty set of rows should be returned SELECT * FROM sj j1, sj j2 WHERE j1.b = j2.b AND (j1.a*j1.a) = (EXTRACT(DOW FROMcurrent_timestamp(0))/15 + 3)::int AND (EXTRACT(DOW FROMcurrent_timestamp(0))/15 + 3)::int = (j2.a*j2.a);
-- Restriction contains volatile function - disable SJE feature. EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM sj j1, sj j2 WHERE j1.b = j2.b AND (j1.a*j1.c/3) = (random()/3 + 3)::int AND (random()/3 + 3)::int = (j2.a*j2.c/3); -- Return one row SELECT * FROM sj j1, sj j2 WHERE j1.b = j2.b AND (j1.a*j1.c/3) = (random()/3 + 3)::int AND (random()/3 + 3)::int = (j2.a*j2.c/3);
-- Multiple filters CREATEUNIQUEINDEX sj_temp_idx1 ON sj(a,b,c);
-- Remove SJ EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM sj j1, sj j2 WHERE j1.b = j2.b AND j1.a = 2AND j1.c = 3AND j2.a = 2AND3 = j2.c;
-- Don't remove SJ EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM sj j1, sj j2 WHERE j1.b = j2.b AND2 = j1.a AND j1.c = 3AND j2.a = 1AND3 = j2.c;
CREATEUNIQUEINDEX sj_temp_idx ON sj(a,b);
-- Don't remove SJ EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM sj j1, sj j2 WHERE j1.b = j2.b AND j1.a = 2;
-- Don't remove SJ EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM sj j1, sj j2 WHERE j1.b = j2.b AND (j1.a = 1OR j2.a = 1);
DROPINDEX sj_fn_idx, sj_temp_idx1, sj_temp_idx;
-- Test that OR predicated are updated correctly after join removal CREATETABLE tab_with_flag ( id INTPRIMARYKEY, is_flag SMALLINT); CREATEINDEX idx_test_is_flag ON tab_with_flag (is_flag);
EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT COUNT(*) FROM tab_with_flag WHERE
(is_flag ISNULLOR is_flag = 0) AND id IN (SELECT id FROM tab_with_flag WHERE id IN (2, 3)); DROPTABLE tab_with_flag;
-- HAVING clause explain (costs off) select p.b from sj p join sj q on p.a = q.a groupby p.b having sum(p.a) = 1;
-- update lateral references and range table entry reference explain (verbose, costs off) select1from (select x.* from sj x, sj y where x.a = y.a) q,
lateral generate_series(1, q.a) gs(i);
explain (verbose, costs off) select1from (select y.* from sj x, sj y where x.a = y.a) q,
lateral generate_series(1, q.a) gs(i);
-- Test that a non-EC-derived join clause is processed correctly. Use an -- outer join so that we can't form an EC. explain (costs off) select * from sj p join sj q on p.a = q.a leftjoin sj r on p.a + q.a = r.a;
-- FIXME this constant false filter doesn't look good. Should we merge -- equivalence classes? explain (costs off) select * from sj p, sj q where p.a = q.a and p.b = 1and q.b = 2;
-- Check that attr_needed is updated correctly after self-join removal. In this -- test, the join of j1 with j2 is removed. k1.b is required at either j1 or j2. -- If this info is lost, join targetlist for (k1, k2) will not contain k1.b. -- Use index scan for k1 so that we don't get 'b' from physical tlist used for -- seqscan. Also disable reordering of joins because this test depends on a -- particular join tree. createtable sk (a int, b int); createindexon sk(a); set join_collapse_limit to1; set enable_seqscan to off; explain (costs off) select1from
(sk k1 join sk k2 on k1.a = k2.a) join (sj j1 join sj j2 on j1.a = j2.a) on j1.b = k1.b; explain (costs off) select1from
(sk k1 join sk k2 on k1.a = k2.a) join (sj j1 join sj j2 on j1.a = j2.a) on j2.b = k1.b;
reset join_collapse_limit;
reset enable_seqscan;
-- Check that clauses from the join filter list is not lost on the self-join removal CREATETABLE emp1 (id SERIAL PRIMARYKEYNOTNULL, code int); EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM emp1 e1, emp1 e2 WHERE e1.id = e2.id AND e2.code <> e1.code;
-- Shuffle self-joined relations. Only in the case of iterative deletion -- attempts explains of these queries will be identical. CREATEUNIQUEINDEXON emp1((id*id));
EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT count(*) FROM emp1 c1, emp1 c2, emp1 c3 WHERE c1.id=c2.id AND c1.id*c2.id=c3.id*c3.id;
EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT count(*) FROM emp1 c1, emp1 c2, emp1 c3 WHERE c1.id=c3.id AND c1.id*c3.id=c2.id*c2.id;
EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT count(*) FROM emp1 c1, emp1 c2, emp1 c3 WHERE c3.id=c2.id AND c3.id*c2.id=c1.id*c1.id;
-- Check the usage of a parse tree by the set operations (bug #18170) EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT c1.code FROM emp1 c1 LEFTJOIN emp1 c2 ON c1.id = c2.id WHERE c2.id ISNOTNULL
EXCEPT ALL SELECT c3.code FROM emp1 c3;
-- Check that SJE removes references from PHVs correctly explain (costs off) select * from emp1 t1 leftjoin
(select coalesce(t3.code, 1) from emp1 t2 leftjoin (emp1 t3 join emp1 t4 on t3.id = t4.id) ontrue) ontrue;
-- Try PHV, which could potentially be removed completely by SJE, but that's -- not implemented yet. explain (verbose, costs off) select1from emp1 t1 leftjoin
((select1as x, * from emp1 t2) s1 innerjoin
(select * from emp1 t3) s2 on s1.id = s2.id) ontrue where s1.x = 1;
-- Check that PHVs do not impose any constraints on removing self joins explain (verbose, costs off) select * from emp1 t1 join emp1 t2 on t1.id = t2.id leftjoin
lateral (select t1.id as t1id, * from generate_series(1,1) t3) s ontrue;
explain (verbose, costs off) select * from generate_series(1,10) t1(id) leftjoin
lateral (select t1.id as t1id, t2.id from emp1 t2 join emp1 t3 on t2.id = t3.id) ontrue;
-- This is a degenerate case of PHV usage: it is evaluated and needed inside -- a baserel scan operation that the SJE removes. The PHV in this test should -- be in the filter of parameterized Index Scan: the replace_nestloop_params() -- code will detect if the placeholder list doesn't have a reference to this -- parameter. -- -- NOTE: enable_hashjoin and enable_mergejoin must be disabled. CREATETABLE tbl_phv(x int, y intPRIMARYKEY); CREATEINDEX tbl_phv_idx ON tbl_phv(x); INSERTINTO tbl_phv (x, y) SELECT gs, gs FROM generate_series(1,100) AS gs;
VACUUM ANALYZE tbl_phv; EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF, VERBOSE) SELECT1FROM tbl_phv t1 LEFTJOIN
(SELECT1 extra, x, y FROM tbl_phv tl) t3 JOIN
(SELECT y FROM tbl_phv tr) t4 ON t4.y = t3.y ONtrueWHERE t3.extra ISNOTNULLAND t3.x = t1.x % 2; DROPTABLEIFEXISTS tbl_phv;
-- Check that SJE replaces join clauses involving the removed rel correctly explain (costs off) select * from emp1 t1 innerjoin emp1 t2 on t1.id = t2.id leftjoin emp1 t3 on t1.id > 1and t1.id < 2;
-- Check that SJE doesn't replace the target relation EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) WITH t1 AS (SELECT * FROM emp1) UPDATE emp1 SET code = t1.code + 1FROM t1 WHERE t1.id = emp1.id RETURNING emp1.id, emp1.code, t1.code;
-- Check that SJE correctly replaces relations in OR-clauses EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM emp1 t1 INNERJOIN emp1 t2 ON t1.id = t2.id LEFTJOIN emp1 t3 ON t1.code = 1AND (t2.code = t3.code OR t2.code = 1);
INSERTINTO emp1 VALUES (1, 1), (2, 1);
WITH t1 AS (SELECT * FROM emp1) UPDATE emp1 SET code = t1.code + 1FROM t1 WHERE t1.id = emp1.id RETURNING emp1.id, emp1.code, t1.code;
TRUNCATE emp1;
EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) UPDATE sj sq SET b = 1FROM sj as sz WHERE sq.a = sz.a;
CREATE RULE sj_del_rule ASONDELETETO sj
DO INSTEAD UPDATE sj SET a = 1WHERE a = old.a; EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) DELETEFROM sj; DROP RULE sj_del_rule ON sj CASCADE;
-- Check that SJE does not mistakenly omit qual clauses (bug #18187) insertinto emp1 values (1, 1); explain (costs off) select1from emp1 full join
(select * from emp1 t1 join
emp1 t2 join emp1 t3 on t2.id = t3.id ontrue wherefalse) s ontrue wherefalse; select1from emp1 full join
(select * from emp1 t1 join
emp1 t2 join emp1 t3 on t2.id = t3.id ontrue wherefalse) s ontrue wherefalse;
-- Check that SJE does not mistakenly re-use knowledge of relation uniqueness -- made with different set of quals insertinto emp1 values (2, 1); explain (costs off) select * from emp1 t1 whereexists (select * from emp1 t2 where t2.id = t1.code and t2.code > 0); select * from emp1 t1 whereexists (select * from emp1 t2 where t2.id = t1.code and t2.code > 0);
-- We can remove the join even if we find the join can't duplicate rows and -- the base quals of each side are different. In the following case we end up -- moving quals over to s1 to make it so it can't match any rows. createtable sl(a int, b int, c int); createuniqueindexon sl(a, b);
vacuum analyze sl;
-- Both sides are unique, but base quals are different explain (costs off) select * from sl t1, sl t2 where t1.a = t2.a and t1.b = 1and t2.b = 2;
-- Check NullTest in baserestrictinfo list explain (costs off) select * from sl t1, sl t2 where t1.a = t2.a and t1.b = 1and t2.b = 2 and t1.c ISNOTNULLand t2.c ISNOTNULL and t2.b ISNOTNULLand t1.b ISNOTNULL and t1.a ISNOTNULLand t2.a ISNOTNULL; explain (verbose, costs off) select * from sl t1, sl t2 where t1.b = t2.b and t2.a = 3and t1.a = 3 and t1.c ISNOTNULLand t2.c ISNOTNULL and t2.b ISNOTNULLand t1.b ISNOTNULL and t1.a ISNOTNULLand t2.a ISNOTNULL;
-- Join qual isn't mergejoinable, but inner is unique. EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT n2.a FROM sj n1, sj n2 WHERE n1.a <> n2.a AND n2.a = 1;
EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM
(SELECT n2.a FROM sj n1, sj n2 WHERE n1.a <> n2.a) q0, sl WHERE q0.a = 1;
-- Do not forget to replace relid in bare Var join clause (bug #19435) ALTERTABLE sl ADDCOLUMN bool_col boolean; EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT1AS c1 FROM sl sl1 LEFTJOIN (sl AS sl2 NATURALJOIN sl AS sl3) ON sl2.bool_col LEFTJOIN sl AS sl4 ON sl2.bool_col;
-- Check optimization disabling if it will violate special join conditions. -- Two identical joined relations satisfies self join removal conditions but -- stay in different special join infos. CREATETABLE sj_t1 (id serial, a int); CREATETABLE sj_t2 (id serial, a int); CREATETABLE sj_t3 (id serial, a int); CREATETABLE sj_t4 (id serial, a int);
CREATEUNIQUEINDEXON sj_t3 USING btree (a,id); CREATEUNIQUEINDEXON sj_t2 USING btree (id);
EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM sj_t1 JOIN ( SELECT sj_t2.id AS id FROM sj_t2 WHEREEXISTS
( SELECTTRUEFROM sj_t3,sj_t4 WHERE sj_t3.a = 1AND sj_t3.id = sj_t2.id
)
) t2t3t4 ON sj_t1.id = t2t3t4.id JOIN ( SELECT sj_t2.id AS id FROM sj_t2 WHEREEXISTS
( SELECTTRUEFROM sj_t3,sj_t4 WHERE sj_t3.a = 1AND sj_t3.id = sj_t2.id
)
) _t2t3t4 ON sj_t1.id = _t2t3t4.id;
-- -- Test RowMarks-related code --
-- Both sides have explicit LockRows marks EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT a1.a FROM sj a1,sj a2 WHERE (a1.a=a2.a) FORUPDATE;
reset enable_hashjoin;
reset enable_mergejoin;
-- -- Test hints given on incorrect column references are useful --
select t1.uunique1 from
tenk1 t1 join tenk2 t2 on t1.two = t2.two; -- error, prefer "t1" suggestion select t2.uunique1 from
tenk1 t1 join tenk2 t2 on t1.two = t2.two; -- error, prefer "t2" suggestion select uunique1 from
tenk1 t1 join tenk2 t2 on t1.two = t2.two; -- error, suggest both at once select ctid from
tenk1 t1 join tenk2 t2 on t1.two = t2.two; -- error, need qualification
-- -- Take care to reference the correct RTE --
select atts.relid::regclass, s.* from pg_stats s join
pg_attribute a on s.attname = a.attname and s.tablename =
a.attrelid::regclass::text join (select unnest(indkey) attnum,
indexrelid from pg_index i) atts on atts.attnum = a.attnum where
schemaname != 'pg_catalog';
-- Test bug in rangetable flattening explain (verbose, costs off) select1from
(select * from int8_tbl where q1 <> (select42) offset 0) ss wherefalse;
-- -- Test LATERAL --
select unique2, x.* from tenk1 a, lateral (select * from int4_tbl b where f1 = a.unique1) x; explain (costs off) select unique2, x.* from tenk1 a, lateral (select * from int4_tbl b where f1 = a.unique1) x; select unique2, x.* from int4_tbl x, lateral (select unique2 from tenk1 where f1 = unique1) ss; explain (costs off) select unique2, x.* from int4_tbl x, lateral (select unique2 from tenk1 where f1 = unique1) ss; explain (costs off) select unique2, x.* from int4_tbl x crossjoin lateral (select unique2 from tenk1 where f1 = unique1) ss; select unique2, x.* from int4_tbl x leftjoin lateral (select unique1, unique2 from tenk1 where f1 = unique1) ss ontrue; explain (costs off) select unique2, x.* from int4_tbl x leftjoin lateral (select unique1, unique2 from tenk1 where f1 = unique1) ss ontrue;
-- check scoping of lateral versus parent references -- the first of these should return int8_tbl.q2, the second int8_tbl.q1 select *, (select r from (select q1 as q2) x, (select q2 as r) y) from int8_tbl; select *, (select r from (select q1 as q2) x, lateral (select q2 as r) y) from int8_tbl;
-- lateral with function in FROM select count(*) from tenk1 a, lateral generate_series(1,two) g; explain (costs off) select count(*) from tenk1 a, lateral generate_series(1,two) g; explain (costs off) select count(*) from tenk1 a crossjoin lateral generate_series(1,two) g; -- don't need the explicit LATERAL keyword for functions explain (costs off) select count(*) from tenk1 a, generate_series(1,two) g;
-- lateral with UNION ALL subselect explain (costs off) select * from generate_series(100,200) g,
lateral (select * from int8_tbl a where g = q1 unionall select * from int8_tbl b where g = q2) ss; select * from generate_series(100,200) g,
lateral (select * from int8_tbl a where g = q1 unionall select * from int8_tbl b where g = q2) ss;
-- lateral with VALUES explain (costs off) select count(*) from tenk1 a,
tenk1 b join lateral (values(a.unique1)) ss(x) on b.unique2 = ss.x; select count(*) from tenk1 a,
tenk1 b join lateral (values(a.unique1)) ss(x) on b.unique2 = ss.x;
-- lateral with VALUES, no flattening possible explain (costs off) select count(*) from tenk1 a,
tenk1 b join lateral (values(a.unique1),(-1)) ss(x) on b.unique2 = ss.x; select count(*) from tenk1 a,
tenk1 b join lateral (values(a.unique1),(-1)) ss(x) on b.unique2 = ss.x;
-- lateral injecting a strange outer join condition explain (costs off) select * from int8_tbl a,
int8_tbl x leftjoin lateral (select a.q1 from int4_tbl y) ss(z) on x.q2 = ss.z orderby a.q1, a.q2, x.q1, x.q2, ss.z; select * from int8_tbl a,
int8_tbl x leftjoin lateral (select a.q1 from int4_tbl y) ss(z) on x.q2 = ss.z orderby a.q1, a.q2, x.q1, x.q2, ss.z;
-- lateral reference to a join alias variable select * from (select f1/2as x from int4_tbl) ss1 join int4_tbl i4 on x = f1,
lateral (select x) ss2(y); select * from (select f1 as x from int4_tbl) ss1 join int4_tbl i4 on x = f1,
lateral (values(x)) ss2(y); select * from ((select f1/2as x from int4_tbl) ss1 join int4_tbl i4 on x = f1) j,
lateral (select x) ss2(y);
-- lateral references requiring pullup select * from (values(1)) x(lb),
lateral generate_series(lb,4) x4; select * from (select f1/1000000000from int4_tbl) x(lb),
lateral generate_series(lb,4) x4; select * from (values(1)) x(lb),
lateral (values(lb)) y(lbcopy); select * from (values(1)) x(lb),
lateral (select lb from int4_tbl) y(lbcopy); select * from
int8_tbl x leftjoin (select q1,coalesce(q2,0) q2 from int8_tbl) y on x.q2 = y.q1,
lateral (values(x.q1,y.q1,y.q2)) v(xq1,yq1,yq2); select * from
int8_tbl x leftjoin (select q1,coalesce(q2,0) q2 from int8_tbl) y on x.q2 = y.q1,
lateral (select x.q1,y.q1,y.q2) v(xq1,yq1,yq2); select x.* from
int8_tbl x leftjoin (select q1,coalesce(q2,0) q2 from int8_tbl) y on x.q2 = y.q1,
lateral (select x.q1,y.q1,y.q2) v(xq1,yq1,yq2); select v.* from
(int8_tbl x leftjoin (select q1,coalesce(q2,0) q2 from int8_tbl) y on x.q2 = y.q1) leftjoin int4_tbl z on z.f1 = x.q2,
lateral (select x.q1,y.q1 unionallselect x.q2,y.q2) v(vx,vy); select v.* from
(int8_tbl x leftjoin (select q1,(select coalesce(q2,0)) q2 from int8_tbl) y on x.q2 = y.q1) leftjoin int4_tbl z on z.f1 = x.q2,
lateral (select x.q1,y.q1 unionallselect x.q2,y.q2) v(vx,vy); select v.* from
(int8_tbl x leftjoin (select q1,(select coalesce(q2,0)) q2 from int8_tbl) y on x.q2 = y.q1) leftjoin int4_tbl z on z.f1 = x.q2,
lateral (select x.q1,y.q1 from onerow unionallselect x.q2,y.q2 from onerow) v(vx,vy);
explain (verbose, costs off) select * from
int8_tbl a leftjoin
lateral (select *, a.q2 as x from int8_tbl b) ss on a.q2 = ss.q1; select * from
int8_tbl a leftjoin
lateral (select *, a.q2 as x from int8_tbl b) ss on a.q2 = ss.q1; explain (verbose, costs off) select * from
int8_tbl a leftjoin
lateral (select *, coalesce(a.q2, 42) as x from int8_tbl b) ss on a.q2 = ss.q1; select * from
int8_tbl a leftjoin
lateral (select *, coalesce(a.q2, 42) as x from int8_tbl b) ss on a.q2 = ss.q1;
-- lateral can result in join conditions appearing below their -- real semantic level explain (verbose, costs off) select * from int4_tbl i leftjoin
lateral (select * from int2_tbl j where i.f1 = j.f1) k ontrue; select * from int4_tbl i leftjoin
lateral (select * from int2_tbl j where i.f1 = j.f1) k ontrue; explain (verbose, costs off) select * from int4_tbl i leftjoin
lateral (select coalesce(i) from int2_tbl j where i.f1 = j.f1) k ontrue; select * from int4_tbl i leftjoin
lateral (select coalesce(i) from int2_tbl j where i.f1 = j.f1) k ontrue; explain (verbose, costs off) select * from int4_tbl a,
lateral ( select * from int4_tbl b leftjoin int8_tbl c on (b.f1 = q1 and a.f1 = q2)
) ss; select * from int4_tbl a,
lateral ( select * from int4_tbl b leftjoin int8_tbl c on (b.f1 = q1 and a.f1 = q2)
) ss;
-- lateral reference in a PlaceHolderVar evaluated at join level explain (verbose, costs off) select * from
int8_tbl a leftjoin lateral
(select b.q1 as bq1, c.q1 as cq1, least(a.q1,b.q1,c.q1) from
int8_tbl b crossjoin int8_tbl c) ss on a.q2 = ss.bq1; select * from
int8_tbl a leftjoin lateral
(select b.q1 as bq1, c.q1 as cq1, least(a.q1,b.q1,c.q1) from
int8_tbl b crossjoin int8_tbl c) ss on a.q2 = ss.bq1;
-- case requiring nested PlaceHolderVars explain (verbose, costs off) select * from
int8_tbl c leftjoin (
int8_tbl a leftjoin (select q1, coalesce(q2,42) as x from int8_tbl b) ss1 on a.q2 = ss1.q1 crossjoin
lateral (select q1, coalesce(ss1.x,q2) as y from int8_tbl d) ss2
) on c.q2 = ss2.q1,
lateral (select ss2.y offset 0) ss3;
-- another case requiring nested PlaceHolderVars explain (verbose, costs off) select * from
(select0as val0) as ss0 leftjoin (select1as val) as ss1 ontrue leftjoin lateral (select ss1.val as val_filtered wherefalse) as ss2 ontrue;
select * from
(select0as val0) as ss0 leftjoin (select1as val) as ss1 ontrue leftjoin lateral (select ss1.val as val_filtered wherefalse) as ss2 ontrue;
-- case that breaks the old ph_may_need optimization explain (verbose, costs off) select c.*,a.*,ss1.q1,ss2.q1,ss3.* from
int8_tbl c leftjoin (
int8_tbl a leftjoin
(select q1, coalesce(q2,f1) as x from int8_tbl b, int4_tbl b2 where q1 < f1) ss1 on a.q2 = ss1.q1 crossjoin
lateral (select q1, coalesce(ss1.x,q2) as y from int8_tbl d) ss2
) on c.q2 = ss2.q1,
lateral (select * from int4_tbl i where ss2.y > f1) ss3;
-- check processing of postponed quals (bug #9041) explain (verbose, costs off) select * from
(select1as x offset 0) x crossjoin (select2as y offset 0) y leftjoin lateral ( select * from (select3as z offset 0) z where z.z = x.x
) zz on zz.z = y.y;
-- a new postponed-quals issue (bug #17768) explain (costs off) select * from int4_tbl t1,
lateral (select * from int4_tbl t2 innerjoin int4_tbl t3 on t1.f1 = 1 innerjoin (int4_tbl t4 leftjoin int4_tbl t5 ontrue) ontrue) ss;
-- check dummy rels with lateral references (bug #15694) explain (verbose, costs off) select * from int8_tbl i8 leftjoin lateral
(select *, i8.q2 from int4_tbl wherefalse) ss ontrue; explain (verbose, costs off) select * from int8_tbl i8 leftjoin lateral
(select *, i8.q2 from int4_tbl i1, int4_tbl i2 wherefalse) ss ontrue;
-- check handling of nested appendrels inside LATERAL select * from
((select2as v) unionall (select3as v)) as q1 crossjoin lateral
((select * from
((select4as v) unionall (select5as v)) as q3) unionall
(select q1.v)
) as q2;
-- check the number of columns specified SELECT * FROM (int8_tbl i crossjoin int4_tbl j) ss(a,b,c,d);
-- check we don't try to do a unique-ified semijoin with LATERAL explain (verbose, costs off) select * from
(values (0,9998), (1,1000)) v(id,x),
lateral (select f1 from int4_tbl where f1 = any (select unique1 from tenk1 where unique2 = v.x offset 0)) ss; select * from
(values (0,9998), (1,1000)) v(id,x),
lateral (select f1 from int4_tbl where f1 = any (select unique1 from tenk1 where unique2 = v.x offset 0)) ss;
-- check proper extParam/allParam handling (this isn't exactly a LATERAL issue, -- but we can make the test case much more compact with LATERAL) explain (verbose, costs off) select * from (values (0), (1)) v(id),
lateral (select * from int8_tbl t1,
lateral (select * from
(select * from int8_tbl t2 where (q1, random() > 0) = any (select q2, random() > 0from int8_tbl t3 where q2 = (select greatest(t1.q1,t2.q2)) and (select v.id=0)) offset 0) ss2) ss where t1.q1 = ss.q2) ss0;
select * from (values (0), (1)) v(id),
lateral (select * from int8_tbl t1,
lateral (select * from
(select * from int8_tbl t2 where (q1, random() > 0) = any (select q2, random() > 0from int8_tbl t3 where q2 = (select greatest(t1.q1,t2.q2)) and (select v.id=0)) offset 0) ss2) ss where t1.q1 = ss.q2) ss0;
-- test some error cases where LATERAL should have been used but wasn't select f1,g from int4_tbl a, (select f1 as g) ss; select f1,g from int4_tbl a, (select a.f1 as g) ss; select f1,g from int4_tbl a crossjoin (select f1 as g) ss; select f1,g from int4_tbl a crossjoin (select a.f1 as g) ss; -- SQL:2008 says the left table is in scope but illegal to access here select f1,g from int4_tbl a rightjoin lateral generate_series(0, a.f1) g ontrue; select f1,g from int4_tbl a full join lateral generate_series(0, a.f1) g ontrue; -- check we complain about ambiguous table references select * from
int8_tbl x crossjoin (int4_tbl x crossjoin lateral (select x.f1) ss); -- LATERAL can be used to put an aggregate into the FROM clause of its query select1from tenk1 a, lateral (select max(a.unique1) from int4_tbl b) ss;
-- check behavior of LATERAL in UPDATE/DELETE
create temp table xx1 asselect f1 as x1, -f1 as x2 from int4_tbl;
-- error, can't do this: update xx1 set x2 = f1 from (select * from int4_tbl where f1 = x1) ss; update xx1 set x2 = f1 from (select * from int4_tbl where f1 = xx1.x1) ss; -- can't do it even with LATERAL: update xx1 set x2 = f1 from lateral (select * from int4_tbl where f1 = x1) ss; -- we might in future allow something like this, but for now it's an error: update xx1 set x2 = f1 from xx1, lateral (select * from int4_tbl where f1 = x1) ss;
-- also errors: deletefrom xx1 using (select * from int4_tbl where f1 = x1) ss; deletefrom xx1 using (select * from int4_tbl where f1 = xx1.x1) ss; deletefrom xx1 using lateral (select * from int4_tbl where f1 = x1) ss;
-- -- test LATERAL reference propagation down a multi-level inheritance hierarchy -- produced for a multi-level partitioned table hierarchy. -- createtable join_pt1 (a int, b int, c varchar) partition by range(a); createtable join_pt1p1 partition of join_pt1 forvaluesfrom (0) to (100) partition by range(b); createtable join_pt1p2 partition of join_pt1 forvaluesfrom (100) to (200); createtable join_pt1p1p1 partition of join_pt1p1 forvaluesfrom (0) to (100); insertinto join_pt1 values (1, 1, 'x'), (101, 101, 'y'); createtable join_ut1 (a int, b int, c varchar); insertinto join_ut1 values (101, 101, 'y'), (2, 2, 'z'); explain (verbose, costs off) select t1.b, ss.phv from join_ut1 t1 leftjoin lateral
(select t2.a as t2a, t3.a t3a, least(t1.a, t2.a, t3.a) phv from join_pt1 t2 join join_ut1 t3 on t2.a = t3.b) ss on t1.a = ss.t2a orderby t1.a; select t1.b, ss.phv from join_ut1 t1 leftjoin lateral
(select t2.a as t2a, t3.a t3a, least(t1.a, t2.a, t3.a) phv from join_pt1 t2 join join_ut1 t3 on t2.a = t3.b) ss on t1.a = ss.t2a orderby t1.a;
droptable join_pt1; droptable join_ut1;
-- -- test estimation behavior with multi-column foreign key and constant qual --
explain (costs off) select * from fkest f1 join fkest f2 on (f1.x = f2.x and f1.x10 = f2.x10b and f1.x100 = f2.x100) join fkest f3 on f1.x = f3.x where f1.x100 = 2;
explain (costs off) select * from fkest f1 join fkest f2 on (f1.x = f2.x and f1.x10 = f2.x10b and f1.x100 = f2.x100) join fkest f3 on f1.x = f3.x where f1.x100 = 2;
rollback;
-- -- test that foreign key join estimation performs sanely for outer joins --
begin;
createtable fkest (a int, b int, c intunique, primarykey(a,b)); createtable fkest1 (a int, b int, primarykey(a,b));
insertinto fkest select x/10, x%10, x from generate_series(1,1000) x; insertinto fkest1 select x/10, x%10from generate_series(1,1000) x;
explain (costs off) select * from fkest f leftjoin fkest1 f1 on f.a = f1.a and f.b = f1.b leftjoin fkest1 f2 on f.a = f2.a and f.b = f2.b leftjoin fkest1 f3 on f.a = f3.a and f.b = f3.b where f.c = 1;
rollback;
-- -- test planner's ability to mark joins as unique --
createtable j1 (id intprimarykey); createtable j2 (id intprimarykey); createtable j3 (id int);
-- ensure join is properly marked as unique explain (verbose, costs off) select * from j1 innerjoin j2 on j1.id = j2.id;
-- ensure join is not unique when not an equi-join explain (verbose, costs off) select * from j1 innerjoin j2 on j1.id > j2.id;
-- ensure non-unique rel is not chosen as inner explain (verbose, costs off) select * from j1 innerjoin j3 on j1.id = j3.id;
-- ensure left join is marked as unique explain (verbose, costs off) select * from j1 leftjoin j2 on j1.id = j2.id;
-- ensure right join is marked as unique explain (verbose, costs off) select * from j1 rightjoin j2 on j1.id = j2.id;
-- ensure full join is marked as unique explain (verbose, costs off) select * from j1 full join j2 on j1.id = j2.id;
-- a clauseless (cross) join can't be unique explain (verbose, costs off) select * from j1 crossjoin j2;
-- ensure a natural join is marked as unique explain (verbose, costs off) select * from j1 naturaljoin j2;
-- ensure a distinct clause allows the inner to become unique explain (verbose, costs off) select * from j1 innerjoin (selectdistinct id from j3) j3 on j1.id = j3.id;
-- ensure group by clause allows the inner to become unique explain (verbose, costs off) select * from j1 innerjoin (select id from j3 groupby id) j3 on j1.id = j3.id;
-- ensure there's no unique join when not all columns which are part of the -- unique index are seen in the join clause explain (verbose, costs off) select * from j1 innerjoin j2 on j1.id1 = j2.id1;
-- ensure proper unique detection with multiple join quals explain (verbose, costs off) select * from j1 innerjoin j2 on j1.id1 = j2.id1 and j1.id2 = j2.id2;
-- ensure we don't detect the join to be unique when quals are not part of the -- join condition explain (verbose, costs off) select * from j1 innerjoin j2 on j1.id1 = j2.id1 where j1.id2 = 1;
-- as above, but for left joins. explain (verbose, costs off) select * from j1 leftjoin j2 on j1.id1 = j2.id1 where j1.id2 = 1;
createuniqueindex j1_id2_idx on j1(id2) where id2 isnotnull;
-- ensure we don't use a partial unique index as unique proofs explain (verbose, costs off) select * from j1 innerjoin j2 on j1.id2 = j2.id2;
dropindex j1_id2_idx;
-- validate logic in merge joins which skips mark and restore. -- it should only do this if all quals which were used to detect the unique -- are present as join quals, and not plain quals. set enable_nestloop to0; set enable_hashjoin to0; set enable_sort to0;
-- create indexes that will be preferred over the PKs to perform the join createindex j1_id1_idx on j1 (id1) where id1 % 1000 = 1; createindex j2_id1_idx on j2 (id1) where id1 % 1000 = 1;
-- need an additional row in j2, if we want j2_id1_idx to be preferred insertinto j2 values(1,2); analyze j2;
explain (costs off) select * from j1 innerjoin j2 on j1.id1 = j2.id1 and j1.id2 = j2.id2 where j1.id1 % 1000 = 1and j2.id1 % 1000 = 1;
select * from j1 innerjoin j2 on j1.id1 = j2.id1 and j1.id2 = j2.id2 where j1.id1 % 1000 = 1and j2.id1 % 1000 = 1;
-- Exercise array keys mark/restore B-Tree code explain (costs off) select * from j1 innerjoin j2 on j1.id1 = j2.id1 and j1.id2 = j2.id2 where j1.id1 % 1000 = 1and j2.id1 % 1000 = 1and j2.id1 = any (array[1]);
select * from j1 innerjoin j2 on j1.id1 = j2.id1 and j1.id2 = j2.id2 where j1.id1 % 1000 = 1and j2.id1 % 1000 = 1and j2.id1 = any (array[1]);
-- Exercise array keys "find extreme element" B-Tree code explain (costs off) select * from j1 innerjoin j2 on j1.id1 = j2.id1 and j1.id2 = j2.id2 where j1.id1 % 1000 = 1and j2.id1 % 1000 = 1and j2.id1 >= any (array[1,5]);
select * from j1 innerjoin j2 on j1.id1 = j2.id1 and j1.id2 = j2.id2 where j1.id1 % 1000 = 1and j2.id1 % 1000 = 1and j2.id1 >= any (array[1,5]);
-- check that semijoin inner is not seen as unique for a portion of the outerrel explain (verbose, costs off) select t1.unique1, t2.hundred from onek t1, tenk1 t2 whereexists (select1from tenk1 t3 where t3.thousand = t1.unique1 and t3.tenthous = t2.hundred) and t1.unique1 < 1;
-- ... unless it actually is unique createtable j3 asselect unique1, tenthous from onek;
vacuum analyze j3; createuniqueindexon j3(unique1, tenthous);
explain (verbose, costs off) select t1.unique1, t2.hundred from onek t1, tenk1 t2 whereexists (select1from j3 where j3.unique1 = t1.unique1 and j3.tenthous = t2.hundred) and t1.unique1 < 1;
droptable j3;
-- Exercise the "skip fetch" Bitmap Heap Scan optimization when candidate -- tuples are discarded. This may occur when: -- 1. A join doesn't require all inner tuples to be scanned for each outer -- tuple, and -- 2. The inner side is scanned using a bitmap heap scan, and -- 3. The bitmap heap scan is eligible for the "skip fetch" optimization. -- This optimization is usable when no data from the underlying table is -- needed. Use a temp table so it is only visible to this backend and -- vacuum may reliably mark all blocks in the table all visible in the -- visibility map. CREATE TEMP TABLE skip_fetch (a INT, b INT) WITH (fillfactor=10); INSERTINTO skip_fetch SELECT i % 3, i FROM generate_series(0,30) i; CREATEINDEXON skip_fetch(a);
VACUUM (ANALYZE) skip_fetch;
SET enable_indexonlyscan = off; SET enable_seqscan = off; EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT t1.a FROM skip_fetch t1 LEFTJOIN skip_fetch t2 ON t2.a = 1WHERE t2.a ISNULL; SELECT t1.a FROM skip_fetch t1 LEFTJOIN skip_fetch t2 ON t2.a = 1WHERE t2.a ISNULL;
RESET enable_indexonlyscan;
RESET enable_seqscan; -- Test BitmapHeapScan with a rescan releases resources correctly SET enable_seqscan = off; SET enable_indexscan = off;
EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rescan_bhs t1 LEFTJOIN rescan_bhs t2 ON t1.a IN
(SELECT a FROM rescan_bhs t3 WHERE t2.a > 1); SELECT * FROM rescan_bhs t1 LEFTJOIN rescan_bhs t2 ON t1.a IN
(SELECT a FROM rescan_bhs t3 WHERE t2.a > 1);
RESET enable_seqscan;
RESET enable_indexscan;
-- Test that we do not account for nullingrels when looking up statistics CREATETABLE group_tbl (a INT, b INT); INSERTINTO group_tbl SELECT1, 1; CREATE STATISTICS group_tbl_stat (ndistinct) ON a, b FROM group_tbl; ANALYZE group_tbl;
EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT1FROM group_tbl t1 LEFTJOIN (SELECT a c1, COALESCE(a) c2 FROM group_tbl t2) s ONTRUE GROUPBY s.c1, s.c2;
DROPTABLE group_tbl;
-- Test that we ignore PlaceHolderVars when looking up statistics EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT t1.unique1 FROM tenk1 t1 LEFTJOIN
(SELECT *, 42AS phv FROM tenk1 t2) ss ON t1.unique2 = ss.unique2 WHERE ss.unique1 = ss.phv AND t1.unique1 < 100;
SELECT t1.unique1 FROM tenk1 t1 LEFTJOIN
(SELECT *, 42AS phv FROM tenk1 t2) ss ON t1.unique2 = ss.unique2 WHERE ss.unique1 = ss.phv AND t1.unique1 < 100;
-- -- Test for a nested loop join involving index scan, transforming OR-clauses -- to SAOP. --
EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT COUNT(*) FROM tenk1 t1, tenk1 t2 WHERE t2.thousand = t1.tenthous OR t2.thousand = t1.unique1 OR t2.thousand = t1.unique2; SELECT COUNT(*) FROM tenk1 t1, tenk1 t2 WHERE t2.thousand = t1.tenthous OR t2.thousand = t1.unique1 OR t2.thousand = t1.unique2;
EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT COUNT(*) FROM onek t1 LEFTJOIN tenk1 t2 ON (t2.thousand = t1.tenthous OR t2.thousand = t1.thousand); SELECT COUNT(*) FROM onek t1 LEFTJOIN tenk1 t2 ON (t2.thousand = t1.tenthous OR t2.thousand = t1.thousand);
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