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<h2>About HAP: The nonabelian tensor product of crossed modules</h2>
< p>
The right-hand side of the formula
$$\pi_3(SK(G, 1)) \cong \ker (G\otimes G \rightarrow G, g\otimes g ' \mapsto gg'g^{- 1}g '^{-1})$$
involves a special case of a crossed module
$$M\otimes N \rightarrow G, m\otimes n \mapsto (\partial m)(\partial 'n)(\partial m)^{-1}(\partial' n)^{- 1}$$
arising from two crossed modules \(\partial\colon M\rightarrow G\) and
\(\partial '\colon N\rightarrow G\) with common target group \(G\).
Here \(\otimes\) denotes the nonabelian tensor product introduced by Ronnie Brown and Jean-L ouis Loday.
</p>
<p>
The following two commands construct the crossed modules \(M\hookrightarrow G\)
and \(N\hookrightarrow G\) arising from two normal subgroups \(M\), \(N\) of the sylow 2-subgroup \(G=Syl_2(M_{24})\) of the Mathieu group \(M_{24}\), and then compute the homotopy groups \(\pi_i(M\otimes N \rightarrow G)\) for
\(i=1,2\).
</p>
<div><code>
gap> G:=SylowSubgroup(MathieuGroup(24),2);;<br>
gap> L:=NormalSubgroups(G);;<br>
gap> M:=CrossedModuleByNormalSubgroup(G,L[100]);;<br>
gap> N:=CrossedModuleByNormalSubgroup(G,L[101]);;<br>
gap> T:=NonabelianTensorProduct(M,N);;<br>
gap> StructureDescription(HomotopyGroup(T,1));<br>
"((C2 x ((C2 x C2 x C2 x C2) : C2)) : C2) : C2"<br>
gap> StructureDescription(HomotopyGroup(T,2));<br>
"C2 x C2 x C2 x C2 x C2 x C2 x C2 x C2"<br>
</code></div>
<p>
The above construction can be iterated. In particular, one can construct the triple tensor product \((G\otimes G)\otimes G \longrightarrow G\) for any group \(G\). The following commands compute
$$\exp((G\otimes G)\otimes G) = 4 \, ,$$
$$|(G\otimes G)\otimes G| = 1073741824 \, ,$$
for \(G\) the 23rd group of order 32 in GAP's library of small groups.
</p>
<div><code>
gap> G:=SmallGroup(32,23);;<br>
gap> K:=CrossedModuleByNormalSubgroup(G,G);;<br>
gap> T2:=NonabelianTensorProduct(K,K);;<br>
gap> T3:=NonabelianTensorProduct(T2,K);;<br>
gap> T:=Source(T3!.map);;<br>
gap> Exponent(T);<br>
4<br>
gap> Order(T);<br>
1073741824<br>
</code></div>
<p>
Corresponding to the nonabelian tensor product, there is a nonabelian exterior product
$$M\wedge N \rightarrow G, m\wedge n \mapsto (\partial m)(\partial'n)(\partial m)^{-1}(\partial' n)^{-1}$$
arising from two crossed modules \(\partial\colon M\rightarrow G\) and
\(\partial'\colon N\rightarrow G\) with common target group \(G\).
The exterior product is obtained from the tensor product by adding the relation
$$m \otimes n = 1\ \ {\rm whenever}\ \partial m=\partial'n\,.$$
</p>
<p>
This exterior product can be iterated. In particular, one can construct the triple exterior product \((G\wedge G)\wedge G \longrightarrow G\) for any group \(G\). The following commands compute
$$\exp((G\wedge G)\wedge G) = 4 \, ,$$
$$|(G\wedge G)\wedge G| = 1024 \, ,$$
for \(G\) the 23rd group of order 32 in GAP's library of small groups.
</p>
<div><code>
gap> G:=SmallGroup(32,23);;<br>
gap> K:=CrossedModuleByNormalSubgroup(G,G);;<br>
gap> E2:=NonabelianExteriorProduct(K,K);;<br>
gap> E3:=NonabelianExteriorProduct(E2,K);;<br>
gap> e:=Source(E3!.map);;<br>
gap> Exponent(e);<br>
4<br>
gap> Order(e);<br>
1024<br>
</code></div>
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