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<div class="ChapSects"><a href="chap4.html#X79BE6CBC7AA29804">4 Visualization of the pictures created</a>
<div class="ContSect"> <a href="chap4.html#X814F5C4A8192D756">4.1 Viewing using Viz</a>

</div>
<div class="ContSect"> <a href="chap4.html#X84C1E5D278E701CC">4.2 Viewing without using Viz</a>

<div class="ContSSBlock">
 <a href="chap4.html#X7B47AFA881BFC9DC">4.2-1 A complete example</a>

</div></div>
<div class="ContSect"> <a href="chap4.html#X80799C0678DFAA4D">4.3 Other examples of use of the IntPic package</a>

<div class="ContSSBlock">
 <a href="chap4.html#X850A57EF80CDB124">4.3-1 Varia</a>

 <a href="chap4.html#X784E0A5A7DB88332">4.3-2 The banner</a>

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<h3>4 Visualization of the pictures created</h3>

This chapter describes two easy ways to visualize the images created by using the <a href="https://gap-packages.github.io/intpic/">IntPic</a> package. Both require LaTeX and some LaTeX packages, such as Tikz and pgf, to be installed and working. One of the ways we will describe is almost completely automatic. It makes use of the function <code class="code">Splash</code>, borrowed from the Viz package. The other is not so automatic but has the advantage of not requiring other packages, besides the LaTeX ones, and should work in any operation system.

<a id="X814F5C4A8192D756" name="X814F5C4A8192D756"></a>

<h4>4.1 Viewing using Viz</h4>

Producing and displaying a picture from a <code class="code">tikz</code> string <var class="Arg">tkz</var> may me achieved in a simple way. (Warning: extenvive tests have only been done with Linux.) One just have to type the following:

<div class="example"><pre>
IP_Splash(tkz);
</pre></div>

A picture is popped up after this use of the function <code class="code">IP_Splash</code>.. To see the name of the temporary directory created to perform the computations, and thus being able to copy the files involved to any other place, one should set the info level <code class="code">InfoViz</code> to 1 or more. The following example illustrates this and the use of some options of the function <code class="code">IP_Splash</code>. For instance, the <code class="code">pdf</code> viewer can be changed.

<div class="example"><pre>
gap> SetInfoLevel(InfoViz,1);
gap> IP_Splash(tkz,rec(viewer:="okular")); 
#I The temporary directory used is: /tmp/tmJcpphI/
</pre></div>

The temporary directory /tmp/tmJcpphI/ contains the file and vizpicture.tex. The file vizpicture.tex is the LaTeX document to be processed. Other files, namely the <code class="code">vizpicture.pdf</code> are created by the <code class="code">pdflatex</code> command that is called by the <code class="code">IP_Splash</code> function.

<code class="code">Warning:</code> In the case of large pictures, it may happen the LaTeX memory being exceeded. In this case, no image is produced and the user is not warned.

<a id="X84C1E5D278E701CC" name="X84C1E5D278E701CC"></a>

<h4>4.2 Viewing without using Viz</h4>

This section describes a way to visualize images without sing Viz. Besides being useful in the case of not having a working copy of Viz, it is rather convenient when the decision of where to save the pictures is made. In this case, you may start your gap session in the desired place, the working directory. Furthermore, if your intention is, for instance, to include the images in a document, you may just decide the name for the file containing the <code class="code">tikz</code> code and let your document input it. The glogal variables <code class="code">IP_Preamble</code> and <code class="code">Closing</code> can be used to pruduce a complete LaTeX document rather than only the <code class="code">tizk</code> code for the picture. The document may then be processed by using <code class="code">pdflatex</code> and the picture viewed by using some <code class="code">pdf</code> viewer. The <code class="code">pdf</code> produced can be included in a LaTeX document instead of the <code class="code">tizk</code> code. In the later case, the code is processed each time the document is processed, which should perhaps be avoided in the case of large images.

Note the use of the <code class="code">preview</code> package, which is used to produce the complete picture without having to pay attention to the paper size nor to crop the image. It is useful for viewing purposes and also to include the <code class="code">pdf</code> file produced in a LaTeX document to be processed with <code class="code">pdflatex</code>.

<div class="example"><pre>
gap> Print(IP_Preamble);
\documentclass{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage[active,tightpage]{preview}
\setlength\PreviewBorder{1pt}
\usepackage{pgf}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepgfmodule{plot}
\usepgflibrary{plothandlers}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes.geometric}
\usetikzlibrary{shadings}
\begin{document}
\begin{preview}
</pre></div>

<div class="example"><pre>
gap> Print(IP_Closing);
\end{preview}
\end{document}
</pre></div>

<a id="X7B47AFA881BFC9DC" name="X7B47AFA881BFC9DC"></a>

<h5>4.2-1 A complete example</h5>

Admit you want to produce a document which contains the picture corresponding to the <code class="code">tikz</code> code obtained through the instructions

<div class="example"><pre>
arr := [[1,2,3,4,5,6],[1,2,3,4,5],[1,2,3,4],[1,2,3],[1,2],[1]];;
tkz := IP_TikzArrayOfIntegers([1..10],5,rec(highlights:=arr));;
</pre></div>

The picture is: <center><img src="../images/pic_for_complete_document.jpg"></center> The elements of the set [1,2,3,4,5,6] are highlighted using the first color (red); those of the set [1,2,3,4,5] are highlighted using the second color (green); those of the set [1,2,3,4] are highlighted using the third color (blue); those of the set [1,2,3] are highlighted using the fourth color (cyan); those of the set [1,2] are highlighted using the fifth color (magenta); those of the set [1] is highlighted using the sixth color (yellow).

Let us explain how the six colors used for the cell containing 1 are distributed: upper left corner -- red; upper right corner -- green; lower left corner -- blue; lower right corner -- cyan; the number -- magenta; the border -- yellow.

The colors of the cell containing 2 and 3 are distributed in a similar way.

The colors of the cell containing 4: left -- red; middle -- blue; right -- green.

After the session listed below, the files <code class="code">tikz_pic_for_complete_document.tex</code> and <code class="code">pic_for_complete_document.tex</code> have been created in the current directory (that is, the one where the GAP session has started). For other directories, complete paths may have to be given.

<div class="example"><pre>
gap> tikzfile := "tikz_pic_for_complete_document.tex";;
gap> file := "pic_for_complete_document.tex";;
gap> 
gap> arr := [[1,2,3,4,5,6],[1,2,3,4,5],[1,2,3,4],[1,2,3],[1,2],[1]];;
gap> tkz := IP_TikzArrayOfIntegers([1..10],5,rec(highlights:=arr));;
gap> 
gap> FileString(tikzfile,tkz);
642
gap> FileString(file,Concatenation(IP_Preamble,tkz,IP_Closing));
961
</pre></div>

Executing something like

<div class="example"><pre>
pdflatex pic_for_complete_document.tex
convert pic_for_complete_document.pdf pic_for_complete_document.jpg
</pre></div>

the <code class="code">pdf</code> and the <code class="code">jpg</code> formats of the image have been created. The <code class="code">jpg</code> format is useful to be included into an html document, for instance.

Note that the tikz code has been saved into the file <code class="code">tikz_pic_for_complete_document.tex</code>. A complete example of a LaTeX document follows.

<div class="example"><pre>
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
%\usepackage[active,tightpage]{preview}
%\setlength\PreviewBorder{1pt}
\usepackage{pgf}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepgfmodule{plot}
\usepgflibrary{plothandlers}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes.geometric}
\usetikzlibrary{shadings}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\author{Author}
\title{How to include images in a \LaTeX\ document}
\date{June, 2013}
\begin{document}
%\begin{preview}
\maketitle
Using the pdf file:

\begin{center}
 \includegraphics[width=0.80\textwidth]{../images/pic_for_complete_document.pdf}
\end{center}

Using the PGF/TikZ code:

\begin{center}
\input{../images/tikz_pic_for_complete_document.tex}
\end{center}
If you want to scale this image, please chang the ``scale'' in the file
\textt{tikz_pic_for_complete_document.tex}
%\end{preview}
\end{document}
</pre></div>

The output, after processing with <code class="code">pdflatex</code> is as follows: <center><img src="../images/complete_latex_document.jpg"></center> 

<a id="X80799C0678DFAA4D" name="X80799C0678DFAA4D"></a>

<h4>4.3 Other examples of use of the IntPic package</h4>

<a id="X850A57EF80CDB124" name="X850A57EF80CDB124"></a>

<h5>4.3-1 Varia</h5>

The following example shows how to produce <code class="code">tikz</code> code for a picture containing the odd integers from 801 to 999. Each line (except the highest) contains 15 cells.

<div class="example"><pre>
gap> rg := Filtered([801..889],u->(u mod 2)<>0);;
gap> flen := 15;;
gap> twins := Filtered(Primes, p -> p + 2 in Primes);;
gap> arr := [Primes,Union(twins,twins+2),Filtered(rg,u->(u mod 3)=0)];;
gap> tkz := IP_TikzArrayOfIntegers(rg,flen,rec(highlights:=arr));;
</pre></div>

The picture obtained highlights the primes, the twin primes and the multiples of 3. As the twins are also primes, a gradient is used to highlight them. In this example the default list of colors is used. <center><img src="../images/primesandtwinsamongodd.jpg"></center> The same computations, but defining other color lists.

<div class="example"><pre>
gap> cls := IP_ColorsCompRedTones;;
gap> rg := Filtered([801..889],u->(u mod 2)<>0);;
gap> flen := 15;;
gap> twins := Filtered(Primes, p -> p + 2 in Primes);;
gap> arr := [Primes,Union(twins,twins+2),Filtered(rg,u->(u mod 3)=0)];;
gap> tkz := IP_TikzArrayOfIntegers(rg,flen,rec(colors := cls,highlights:=arr));;
</pre></div>

 <center><img src="../images/primesandtwinsamongodd_comp_red.jpg"></center> 

<div class="example"><pre>
gap> cls := IP_ColorsDGrayTones;;
gap> rg := Filtered([801..889],u->(u mod 2)<>0);;
gap> flen := 15;;
gap> twins := Filtered(Primes, p -> p + 2 in Primes);;
gap> arr := [Primes,Union(twins,twins+2),Filtered(rg,u->(u mod 3)=0)];;
gap> tkz := IP_TikzArrayOfIntegers(rg,flen,rec(colors := cls,highlights:=arr));;
</pre></div>

 <center><img src="../images/primesandtwinsamongodd_dark_gray.jpg"></center> 

<div class="example"><pre>
gap> cls := ["blue","-blue","black"];;
gap> rg := Filtered([801..889],u->(u mod 2)<>0);;
gap> flen := 15;;
gap> twins := Filtered(Primes, p -> p + 2 in Primes);;
gap> arr := [Primes,Union(twins,twins+2),Filtered(rg,u->(u mod 3)=0)];;
gap> tkz := IP_TikzArrayOfIntegers(rg,flen,rec( colors := cls,highlights:=arr));;
</pre></div>

 <center><img src="../images/primesandtwinsamongodd_other.jpg"></center> The following example uses the <a href="http://www.fc.up.pt/cmup/mdelgado/numericalsgps">NumericalSgps</a> package.

<div class="example"><pre>
gap> #LoadPackage("numericalsgps");
gap> 
gap> ns := NumericalSemigroup(11,19,30,42,59);;
gap> cls := ShuffleIP_Colors([IP_ColorsGreenTones,IP_ColorsCompBlueTones]);;
gap> flen := 20;;
gap> #some notable elements
gap> arr := [SmallElementsOfNumericalSemigroup(ns),
> GapsOfNumericalSemigroup(ns),
> MinimalGeneratingSystemOfNumericalSemigroup(ns),
> FundamentalGapsOfNumericalSemigroup(ns),
> [ConductorOfNumericalSemigroup(ns)],
> PseudoFrobeniusOfNumericalSemigroup(ns)];;
gap> 
gap> tkz := IP_TikzArrayOfIntegers(flen,rec(colors := cls,highlights:=arr));;
</pre></div>

 <center><img src="../images/numericalsgp_notable.jpg"></center> Using the default colors <center><img src="../images/numericalsgp_notable_df_colors.jpg"></center> 

<a id="X784E0A5A7DB88332" name="X784E0A5A7DB88332"></a>

<h5>4.3-2 The banner</h5>

The code in the following example has been used to produce one possible banner for the homepage of the <a href="https://gap-packages.github.io/intpic/">IntPic</a> package. It is a nice picture that gives an idea about the primes less than 5000. Of course, other ranges could have been chosen. I warn the user that pictures involving a large amount of data may face the problem of exceeding TeX capacity...

<div class="example"><pre>

gap> row_length := 100;; # the maximum length of a row
gap> nrows := 50;; # the number of rows
gap> n := row_length*nrows;
5000
gap> ##compute the primes less than n
gap> # Primes is a GAP variable representing the list of primes less than n
gap> mp := Maximum(Primes);
997
gap> newprimes := [];;
gap> while mp < n do
> mp := NextPrimeInt(mp);
> Add(newprimes, mp);
> od;
gap> small_primes := Union(Primes, newprimes);;
gap> ##compute the first element of each pair of twin primes less than n
gap> twins := Filtered(small_primes, p -> IsPrime(p+2));;
gap> rg := [1..n];;
gap> arr := [Intersection(small_primes,rg),[],[], 
> Intersection(Union(twins,twins+2),rg),[],[],[],[],[],[],[],
> [],[],[],[],[],[],Difference(rg,small_primes)];;
gap> tkz:=IP_TikzArrayOfIntegers([1..n],row_length,rec(highlights:=arr,
> cell_width := "6",colsep:="0",rowsep:="0",inner_sep:="2",
> shape_only:="",line_width:="0",line_color:="black!20" ));;
</pre></div>

 <center><img src="../images/intpic_banner.jpg"></center> 

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