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<div class="ChapSects"><a href="chap9_mj.html#X855427278501E7FB">9 <span class="Heading">Auslander-Reiten theory</span></a>
<div class="ContSect"><span class="tocline"><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap9_mj.html#X79B0EA987E050C6D">9.1 <span class="Heading">Almost split sequences and AR-quivers</span></a>
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<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap9_mj.html#X87BADA287BD9972C">9.1-1 AlmostSplitSequence</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap9_mj.html#X7E8DBA647B3EC71B">9.1-2 AlmostSplitSequenceInPerpT</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap9_mj.html#X8774261F862EC761">9.1-3 IrreducibleMorphismsEndingIn</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap9_mj.html#X873085DD8534F600">9.1-4 IsTauPeriodic</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap9_mj.html#X81A363848166449D">9.1-5 PredecessorOfModule</a></span>
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<h3>9 <span class="Heading">Auslander-Reiten theory</span></h3>
<p>This chapter describes the functions implemented for almost split sequences and Auslander-Reiten theory in QPA.</p>
<p><a id="X79B0EA987E050C6D" name="X79B0EA987E050C6D"></a></p>
<h4>9.1 <span class="Heading">Almost split sequences and AR-quivers</span></h4>
<p><a id="X87BADA287BD9972C" name="X87BADA287BD9972C"></a></p>
<h5>9.1-1 AlmostSplitSequence</h5>
<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">an style='color: green'>8227; AlmostSplitSequence</code>( <var class="Arg">M</var> )</td><td class="tdright">( attribute )</td></tr></table></div>
<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">an style='color: green'>8227; AlmostSplitSequence</code>( <var class="Arg">M</var>, <var class="Arg">e</var> )</td><td class="tdright">( attribute )</td></tr></table></div>
<p>Arguments: <var class="Arg">M</var> - an indecomposable non-projective module, <var class="Arg">e</var> - either l = left or r = right<br /></p>
<p>Returns: the almost split sequence ending in the module <var class="Arg">M</var> if it is indecomposable and not projective, for the first variant. The second variant finds the almost split sequence starting or ending in the module <var class="Arg">M</var> depending on whether the second argument <var class="Arg">e</var> is l or r (l = almost split sequence starting with <var class="Arg">M</var>, or r = almost split sequence ending in <var class="Arg">M</var>), if the module is indecomposable and not injective or not projective, respectively. It returns fail if the module is injective (l) or projective (r).</p>
<p>The almost split sequence is returned as a pair of maps, the monomorphism and the epimorphism. The function assumes that the module <var class="Arg">M</var> is indecomposable, and the source of the monomorphism (l) or the range of the epimorphism (r) is a module that is isomorphic to <var class="Arg">M</var>, not necessarily identical.</p>
<p><a id="X7E8DBA647B3EC71B" name="X7E8DBA647B3EC71B"></a></p>
<h5>9.1-2 AlmostSplitSequenceInPerpT</h5>
<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">an style='color: green'>8227; AlmostSplitSequenceInPerpT</code>( <var class="Arg">T</var>, <var class="Arg">M</var> )</td><td class="tdright">( operation )</td></tr></table></div>
<p>Arguments: <var class="Arg">T</var> - a cotilting module, <var class="Arg">M</var> - an indecomposable non-projective module<br /></p>
<p>Returns: the almost split sequence in <span class="SimpleMath">\(^\perp T\)</span> ending in the module <var class="Arg">M</var>, if the module is indecomposable and not projective (that is, not projective object in <span class="SimpleMath">\(^\perp T\)</span>). It returns fail if the module <var class="Arg">M</var> is in <span class="SimpleMath">\(\add T\)</span> projective. The almost split sequence is returned as a pair of maps, the monomorphism and the epimorphism, and the range of the epimorphism is a module that is isomorphic to the input, not necessarily identical.</p>
<p>The function assumes that the module <var class="Arg">M</var> is indecomposable and in <span class="SimpleMath">\(^\perp T\)</span>, and the range of the epimorphism is a module that is isomorphic to the input, not necessarily identical.</p>
<p><a id="X8774261F862EC761" name="X8774261F862EC761"></a></p>
<h5>9.1-3 IrreducibleMorphismsEndingIn</h5>
<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">an style='color: green'>8227; IrreducibleMorphismsEndingIn</code>( <var class="Arg">M</var> )</td><td class="tdright">( attribute )</td></tr></table></div>
<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">an style='color: green'>8227; IrreducibleMorphismsStartingIn</code>( <var class="Arg">M</var> )</td><td class="tdright">( attribute )</td></tr></table></div>
<p>Arguments: <var class="Arg">M</var> - an indecomposable module<br /></p>
<p>Returns: the collection of irreducible morphisms ending and starting in the module <var class="Arg">M</var>, respectively. The argument is assumed to be an indecomposable module.</p>
<p>The irreducible morphisms are returned as a list of maps. Even in the case of only one irreducible morphism, it is returned as a list. The function assumes that the module <var class="Arg">M</var> is indecomposable over a quiver algebra with a finite field as the ground ring.</p>
<p><a id="X873085DD8534F600" name="X873085DD8534F600"></a></p>
<h5>9.1-4 IsTauPeriodic</h5>
<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">an style='color: green'>8227; IsTauPeriodic</code>( <var class="Arg">M</var>, <var class="Arg">n</var> )</td><td class="tdright">( operation )</td></tr></table></div>
<p>Arguments: <var class="Arg">M</var> -- a path algebra module (<code class="code">PathAlgebraMatModule</code>), <var class="Arg">n</var> -- be a positive integer. <br /></p>
<p>Returns: <code class="code">i</code>, where <code class="code">i</code> is the smallest positive integer less or equal <code class="code">n</code> such that the representation <var class="Arg">M</var> is isomorphic to the <span class="SimpleMath">\(\tau^i(M)\)</span>, and false otherwise.</p>
<p><a id="X81A363848166449D" name="X81A363848166449D"></a></p>
<h5>9.1-5 PredecessorOfModule</h5>
<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">an style='color: green'>8227; PredecessorOfModule</code>( <var class="Arg">M</var>, <var class="Arg">n</var> )</td><td class="tdright">( operation )</td></tr></table></div>
<p>Arguments: <var class="Arg">M</var> - an indecomposable non-projective module and <var class="Arg">n</var> - a positive integer.<br /></p>
<p>Returns: the predecessors of the module <var class="Arg">M</var> in the AR-quiver of the algebra <var class="Arg">M</var> is given over of distance less or equal to <var class="Arg">n</var>.</p>
<p>It returns two lists, the first is the indecomposable modules in the different layers and the second is the valuations for the arrows in the AR-quiver. The different entries in the first list are the modules at distance zero, one, two, three, and so on, until layer <var class="Arg">n</var>. The <code class="code">m</code>-th entry in the second list is the valuations of the irreducible morphism from indecomposable module number <code class="code">i</code> in layer <code class="code">m+1</code> to indecomposable module number <code class="code">j</code> in layer <code class="code">m</code> for the values of <code class="code">i</code> and <code class="code">j</code> there is an irreducible morphism. Whenever <code class="code">false</code> occur in the output, it means that this valuation has not been computed. The function assumes that the module <var class="Arg">M</var> is indecomposable and that the quotient of the path algebra is given over a finite field.</p>
<div class="example"><pre>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">A := KroneckerAlgebra(GF(4),2); </span>
<GF(2^2)[<quiver with 2 vertices and 2 arrows>]>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">S := SimpleModules(A)[1]; </span>
<[ 1, 0 ]>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">ass := AlmostSplitSequence(S); </span>
[ <<[ 3, 2 ]> ---> <[ 4, 2 ]>>
, <<[ 4, 2 ]> ---> <[ 1, 0 ]>>
]
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">DecomposeModule(Range(ass[1]));</span>
[ <[ 2, 1 ]>, <[ 2, 1 ]> ]
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">PredecessorsOfModule(S,5); </span>
[ [ [ <[ 1, 0 ]> ], [ <[ 2, 1 ]> ], [ <[ 3, 2 ]> ], [ <[ 4, 3 ]> ],
[ <[ 5, 4 ]> ], [ <[ 6, 5 ]> ] ],
[ [ [ 1, 1, [ 2, false ] ] ], [ [ 1, 1, [ 2, 2 ] ] ],
[ [ 1, 1, [ 2, 2 ] ] ], [ [ 1, 1, [ 2, 2 ] ] ],
[ [ 1, 1, [ false, 2 ] ] ] ] ]
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">A:=NakayamaAlgebra([5,4,3,2,1],GF(4));</span>
<GF(2^2)[<quiver with 5 vertices and 4 arrows>]>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">S := SimpleModules(A)[1]; </span>
<[ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">PredecessorsOfModule(S,5);</span>
[ [ [ <[ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]> ], [ <[ 1, 1, 0, 0, 0 ]> ],
[ <[ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ]>, <[ 1, 1, 1, 0, 0 ]> ],
[ <[ 0, 1, 1, 0, 0 ]>, <[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 0 ]> ],
[ <[ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ]>, <[ 0, 1, 1, 1, 0 ]>, <[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]>
], [ <[ 0, 0, 1, 1, 0 ]>, <[ 0, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]> ] ],
[ [ [ 1, 1, [ 1, false ] ] ],
[ [ 1, 1, [ 1, 1 ] ], [ 2, 1, [ 1, false ] ] ],
[ [ 1, 1, [ 1, 1 ] ], [ 1, 2, [ 1, 1 ] ],
[ 2, 2, [ 1, false ] ] ],
[ [ 1, 1, [ 1, 1 ] ], [ 2, 1, [ 1, 1 ] ], [ 2, 2, [ 1, 1 ] ],
[ 3, 2, [ 1, false ] ] ],
[ [ 1, 1, [ false, 1 ] ], [ 1, 2, [ false, 1 ] ],
[ 2, 2, [ false, 1 ] ], [ 2, 3, [ false, 1 ] ] ] ] ]
</pre></div>
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