theory Limit
imports
Main
begin
section ‹Slightly adjusted content from AFP/LocalLexing›
fun funpower :: "('a → 'a) → nat → ('a → 'a)" where
"funpower f 0 x = x"
| "funpower f (Suc n) x = f (funpower f n x)"
definition natUnion :: "(nat → 'a set) → 'a set" where
"natUnion f = ∪ { f n | n. True }"
definition limit :: "('a set → 'a set) → 'a set → 'a set" where
"limit f x = natUnion (λ n. funpower f n x)"
definition setmonotone :: "('a set → 'a set) → bool" where
"setmonotone f = (∀ X. X ⊆ f X)"
lemma subset_setmonotone: "setmonotone f ==> X ⊆ f X"
by (simp add: setmonotone_def)
lemma[simp]: "funpower id n = id"
by (rule ext, induct n, simp_all)
lemma[simp]: "limit id = id"
by (rule ext, auto simp add: limit_def natUnion_def)
definition chain :: "(nat → 'a set) → bool"
where
"chain C = (∀ i. C i ⊆ C (i + 1))"
definition continuous :: "('a set → 'b set) → bool"
where
"continuous f = (∀ C. chain C ⟶ (chain (f o C) ∧ f (natUnion C) = natUnion (f o C)))"
lemma natUnion_upperbound:
"(∧ n. f n ⊆ G) ==> (natUnion f) ⊆ G"
by (auto simp add: natUnion_def)
lemma funpower_upperbound:
"(∧ I. I ⊆ G ==> f I ⊆ G) ==> I ⊆ G ==> funpower f n I ⊆ G"
proof (induct n)
case 0 thus ?case by simp
next
case (Suc n) thus ?case by simp
qed
lemma limit_upperbound:
"(∧ I. I ⊆ G ==> f I ⊆ G) ==> I ⊆ G ==> limit f I ⊆ G"
by (simp add: funpower_upperbound limit_def natUnion_upperbound)
lemma elem_limit_simp: "x ∈ limit f X = (∃ n. x ∈ funpower f n X)"
by (auto simp add: limit_def natUnion_def)
definition pointwise :: "('a set → 'b set) → bool" where
"pointwise f = (∀ X. f X = ∪ { f {x} | x. x ∈ X})"
lemma natUnion_elem: "x ∈ f n ==> x ∈ natUnion f"
using natUnion_def by fastforce
lemma limit_elem: "x ∈ funpower f n X ==> x ∈ limit f X"
by (simp add: limit_def natUnion_elem)
definition pointbase :: "('a set → 'b set) → 'a set → 'b set" where
"pointbase F I = ∪ { F X | X. finite X ∧ X ⊆ I }"
definition pointbased :: "('a set → 'b set) → bool" where
"pointbased f = (∃ F. f = pointbase F)"
lemma chain_implies_mono: "chain C ==> mono C"
by (simp add: chain_def mono_iff_le_Suc)
lemma setmonotone_implies_chain_funpower:
assumes setmonotone: "setmonotone f"
shows "chain (λ n. funpower f n I)"
by (simp add: chain_def setmonotone subset_setmonotone)
lemma natUnion_subset: "(∧ n. ∃ m. f n ⊆ g m) ==> natUnion f ⊆ natUnion g"
by (meson natUnion_elem natUnion_upperbound subset_iff)
lemma natUnion_eq[case_names Subset Superset]:
"(∧ n. ∃ m. f n ⊆ g m) ==> (∧ n. ∃ m. g n ⊆ f m) ==> natUnion f = natUnion g"
by (simp add: natUnion_subset subset_antisym)
lemma natUnion_shift[symmetric]:
assumes chain: "chain C"
shows "natUnion C = natUnion (λ n. C (n + m))"
proof (induct rule: natUnion_eq)
case (Subset n)
show ?case using chain chain_implies_mono le_add1 mono_def by blast
next
case (Superset n)
show ?case by blast
qed
definition regular :: "('a set → 'a set) → bool"
where
"regular f = (setmonotone f ∧ continuous f)"
lemma regular_fixpoint:
assumes regular: "regular f"
shows "f (limit f I) = limit f I"
proof -
have setmonotone: "setmonotone f" using regular regular_def by blast
have continuous: "continuous f" using regular regular_def by blast
let ?C = "λ n. funpower f n I"
have chain: "chain ?C"
by (simp add: setmonotone setmonotone_implies_chain_funpower)
have "f (limit f I) = f (natUnion ?C)"
using limit_def by metis
also have "f (natUnion ?C) = natUnion (f o ?C)"
by (metis continuous continuous_def chain)
also have "natUnion (f o ?C) = natUnion (λ n. f(funpower f n I))"
by (meson comp_apply)
also have "natUnion (λ n. f(funpower f n I)) = natUnion (λ n. ?C (n + 1))"
by simp
also have "natUnion (λ n. ?C(n + 1)) = natUnion ?C"
apply (subst natUnion_shift)
using chain by (blast+)
finally show ?thesis by (simp add: limit_def)
qed
lemma fix_is_fix_of_limit:
assumes fixpoint: "f I = I"
shows "limit f I = I"
proof -
have funpower: "∧ n. funpower f n I = I"
proof -
fix n :: nat
from fixpoint show "funpower f n I = I"
by (induct n, auto)
qed
show ?thesis by (simp add: limit_def funpower natUnion_def)
qed
lemma limit_is_idempotent: "regular f ==> limit f (limit f I) = limit f I"
by (simp add: fix_is_fix_of_limit regular_fixpoint)
definition mk_regular1 :: "('b → 'a → bool) → ('b → 'a → 'a) → 'a set → 'a set" where
"mk_regular1 P F I = I ∪ { F q x | q x. x ∈ I ∧ P q x }"
definition mk_regular2 :: "('b → 'a → 'a → bool) → ('b → 'a → 'a → 'a) → 'a set → 'a set" where
"mk_regular2 P F I = I ∪ { F q x y | q x y. x ∈ I ∧ y ∈ I ∧ P q x y }"
end
¤ Dauer der Verarbeitung: 0.0 Sekunden
(vorverarbeitet am 2026-11-04)
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