\documentclass [11 pt,a4paper]{article }
\usepackage [T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage {isabelle,isabellesym}
\usepackage {amsfonts, amsmath, amssymb}
\usepackage {tikz}
\usepackage {pgfplots}
\usepackage {pgfplotstable}
\pgfplotsset {compat=1 .12 }
% this should be the last package used
\usepackage {pdfsetup}
\usepackage [shortcuts]{extdash}
% urls in roman style, theory text in math-similar italics
\urlstyle {rm}
\isabellestyle {rm}
\begin {document}
\title {The Polylogarithm Function}
\author {Manuel Eberl}
\maketitle
\begin {abstract }
This entry provides a definition of the \emph {Polylogarithm function}, commonly denoted as
$\text {Li}_s(z)$. Here, $z$ is a complex number and $s$ an integer parameter. This function
can be defined by the power series expression $\text {Li}_s(z) = \sum_ {k=1 }^\infty \frac {z^k}{k^s}$
for $|z| < 1 $ and analytically extended to the entire complex plane, except for a branch cut on
$\mathbb {R}_{\geq 1 }$.
Several basic properties are also proven, such as the relationship to the Eulerian polynomials via
$\text {Li}_{-k}(z) = z (1 - z)^{k-1 } A_k(z)$ for $k\geq 0 $,
the derivative formula $\frac {d}{dz} \text {Li}_s(z) = \frac {1 }{z} \text {Li}_{s-1 }(z)$,
the relation to the ``normal'' logarithm via $\text {Li}_1 (z) = -\ln (1 - z)$,
and the duplication formula $\text {Li}_s(z) + \text {Li}_s(-z) = 2 ^{1 -s} \text {Li}_s(z^2 )$.
\end {abstract }
\tableofcontents
\newpage
\parindent 0 pt\parskip 0 .5 ex
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\begin {figure}
\begin {center}
\pgfplotstableread [col sep=comma, row sep=\\ , format=inline]{
-1 .43675 , -1 .40914 , -1 .38127 , -1 .35311 , -1 .32465 , -1 .2959 , -1 .26684 , -1 .23747 , -1 .20778 , -1 .17775 , -1 .14738 , -1 .11666 ,
-1 .08558 , -1 .05412 , -1 .02228 , -0 .990049 , -0 .957405 , -0 .92434 , -0 .890838 , -0 .856886 , -0 .822467 , -0 .787565 , -0 .752163 , -0 .716242 ,
-0 .679782 , -0 .642761 , -0 .605158 , -0 .566949 , -0 .528107 , -0 .488605 , -0 .448414 , -0 .407501 , -0 .365833 , -0 .32337 ,-0 .280074 , -0 .2359 ,
-0 .1908 , -0 .144721 , -0 .0976052 , -0 .0493885 , 0 , 0 .0506393 , 0 .102618 , 0 .156035 , 0 .211004 , 0 .267653 , 0 .32613 , 0 .386606 , 0 .449283 ,
0 .514399 , 0 .582241 , 0 .653158 , 0 .727586 , 0 .806083 , 0 .889378 , 0 .978469 , 1 .07479 , 1 .18058 , 1 .29971 , 1 .44063 \\
}\mytablea
\pgfplotstabletranspose [string type]\mytablenewa {\mytablea }
\pgfplotstableread [col sep=comma, row sep=\\ , format=inline]{
-1 .66828 , -1 .63226 , -1 .59602 , -1 .55956 , -1 .52288 , -1 .48597 , -1 .44882 , -1 .41144 , -1 .37382 , -1 .33596 , -1 .29784 , -1 .25946 , -1 .22082 , -1 .18192 ,
-1 .14274 , -1 .10328 , -1 .06353 , -1 .02349 , -0 .983153 , -0 .942506 , -0 .901543 , -0 .860256 , -0 .818638 , -0 .77668 , -0 .734371 , -0 .691704 , -0 .648666 ,
-0 .605249 , -0 .56144 , -0 .517227 , -0 .472598 , -0 .427539 , -0 .382037 , -0 .336076 , -0 .28964 , -0 .242712 , -0 .195274 , -0 .147305 , -0 .0987856 ,
-0 .049692 , 0 ., 0 .0503172 , 0 .101289 , 0 .152946 , 0 .205324 , 0 .258461 , 0 .3124 , 0 .367188 , 0 .422878 , 0 .47953 , 0 .537213 , 0 .596007 , 0 .656003 , 0 .717311 ,
0 .780064 , 0 .844426 , 0 .910606 , 0 .978884 , 1 .04966 , 1 .12357 \\
}\mytableb
\pgfplotstabletranspose [string type]\mytablenewb {\mytableb }
\begin {tikzpicture}
\begin {axis}[clip mode=individual,
xmin=-2 , xmax=0 .9 , ymin=-1 , ymax=1 , axis lines=middle,
width=\textwidth , height=0 .8 \textwidth ,
xlabel={$x$}, tick style={thin,black},
restrict y to domain=-1 :1 .2
]
\addplot [color=mycol7!80 !black, line width=1 pt, mark=none,domain=-2 :1 ,samples=200 ] ({x}, {x * (x^2 + 4 *x + 1 ) / (1 - x)^4 })
node [color=mycol7!80 !black, above, pos=0 .37 ] {$\mathrm {Li}_{-3 }(x)$};
\addplot [color=mycol4!90 !black, line width=1 pt, mark=none,domain=-2 :1 ,samples=200 ] ({x}, {x * (x + 1 ) / (1 - x)^3 })
node [color=mycol4!90 !black, above, pos=0 .35 ] {$\mathrm {Li}_{-2 }(x)$};
\addplot [color=mycol3!80 !black, line width=1 pt, mark=none,domain=-2 :1 ,samples=200 ] ({x}, {x / (1 - x)^2 })
node [color=mycol3!80 !black, below, pos=0 .1 ] {$\mathrm {Li}_{-1 }(x)$};
\addplot [color=mycol2!80 !black, line width=1 pt, mark=none,domain=-2 :1 ,samples=200 ] ({x}, {x / (1 - x)})
node [color=mycol2!80 !black, above=1 mm, pos=0 .1 ] {$\mathrm {Li}_{0 }(x)$};
\addplot [color=mycol1!90 !black, line width=1 pt, mark=none,domain=-2 :1 ,samples=200 ] ({x}, {-ln(1 -x)})
node [color=mycol1!90 !black, left=2 mm, above=0 .5 mm, pos=0 .08 ] {$\mathrm {Li}_{1 }(x)$};
\addplot [color=mycol5!90 !black, line width=1 pt, mark=none,domain=-2 :1 ,samples=200 ] table [x expr={(1 -\coordindex /60 )*(-2 )+(\coordindex /60 )*1 }, y=0 ] {\mytablenewa }
coordinate[pos=0 ] (a);
\node at (a) [color=mycol5!90 !black, below=3 .3 mm, left=-2 mm] {$\mathrm {Li}_{2 }(x)$};
\addplot [color=mycol9!85 !black, line width=1 pt, mark=none,domain=-2 :1 ,samples=200 ] table [x expr={(1 -\coordindex /60 )*(-2 )+(\coordindex /60 )*1 }, y=0 ] {\mytablenewb }
node[pos=0 ] (b) {};
\node at (b) [color=mycol9!85 !black, below=3 .7 mm, right=-4 mm] {$\mathrm {Li}_{3 }(x)$};
\end {axis}
\end {tikzpicture}
\end {center}
\caption {Plots of $\mathrm {Li}_s(x)$ for $s = -3 , -2 , \ldots , 3 $ and real inputs $x\in [-2 , 1 ]$}
\label {fig:lambertw}
\end {figure}
\clearpage
\input {session}
\nocite {mason2002chebyshev}
\raggedright
\bibliographystyle {abbrv}
\bibliography {root}
\end {document}
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