(* Title: HOL/Conditionally_Complete_Lattices.thy Author: Amine Chaieb and L C Paulson, University of Cambridge Author: Johannes Hölzl, TU München Author: Luke S. Serafin, Carnegie Mellon University *)
section‹Conditionally-complete Lattices›
theory Conditionally_Complete_Lattices imports Finite_Set Lattices_Big Set_Interval begin
locale preordering_bdd = preordering begin
definition bdd :: ‹'a set ==> bool› where unfold: ‹bdd A ⟷ (∃M. ∀x ∈ A. x 🪙≤ M)›
lemma empty [simp, intro]: ‹bdd {}› by (simp add: unfold)
lemma I [intro]: ‹bdd A›if‹∧x. x ∈ A ==> x 🪙≤ M› using that by (auto simp add: unfold)
lemma E: assumes‹bdd A› obtains M where‹∧x. x ∈ A ==> x 🪙≤ M› using assms that by (auto simp add: unfold)
lemma I2: ‹bdd (f ` A)›if‹∧x. x ∈ A ==> f x 🪙≤ M› using that by (auto simp add: unfold)
lemma mono: ‹bdd A›if‹bdd B›‹A ⊆ B› using that by (auto simp add: unfold)
lemma Int1 [simp]: ‹bdd (A ∩ B)›if‹bdd A› using mono that by auto
lemma Int2 [simp]: ‹bdd (A ∩ B)›if‹bdd B› using mono that by auto
lemma bdd_above_image_mono: "mono f ==> bdd_above A ==> bdd_above (f`A)" by (auto simp: bdd_above_def mono_def)
lemma bdd_below_image_mono: "mono f ==> bdd_below A ==> bdd_below (f`A)" by (auto simp: bdd_below_def mono_def)
lemma bdd_above_image_antimono: "antimono f ==> bdd_below A ==> bdd_above (f`A)" by (auto simp: bdd_above_def bdd_below_def antimono_def)
lemma bdd_below_image_antimono: "antimono f ==> bdd_above A ==> bdd_below (f`A)" by (auto simp: bdd_above_def bdd_below_def antimono_def)
lemma fixes X :: "'a::ordered_ab_group_add set" shows bdd_above_uminus[simp]: "bdd_above (uminus ` X) ⟷ bdd_below X" and bdd_below_uminus[simp]: "bdd_below (uminus ` X) ⟷ bdd_above X" using bdd_above_image_antimono[of uminus X] bdd_below_image_antimono[of uminus "uminus`X"] using bdd_below_image_antimono[of uminus X] bdd_above_image_antimono[of uminus "uminus`X"] by (auto simp: antimono_def image_image)
subsection‹Lattices›
context lattice begin
lemma bdd_above_insert [simp]: "bdd_above (insert a A) = bdd_above A" by (auto simp: bdd_above_def intro: le_supI2 sup_ge1)
lemma bdd_below_insert [simp]: "bdd_below (insert a A) = bdd_below A" by (auto simp: bdd_below_def intro: le_infI2 inf_le1)
lemma bdd_finite [simp]: assumes"finite A"shows bdd_above_finite: "bdd_above A"and bdd_below_finite: "bdd_below A" using assms by (induct rule: finite_induct, auto)
lemma bdd_above_Un [simp]: "bdd_above (A ∪ B) = (bdd_above A ∧ bdd_above B)" proof assume"bdd_above (A ∪ B)" thus"bdd_above A ∧ bdd_above B"unfolding bdd_above_def by auto next assume"bdd_above A ∧ bdd_above B" thenobtain a b where"∀x∈A. x ≤ a""∀x∈B. x ≤ b"unfolding bdd_above_def by auto hence"∀x ∈ A ∪ B. x ≤ sup a b"by (auto intro: Un_iff le_supI1 le_supI2) thus"bdd_above (A ∪ B)"unfolding bdd_above_def .. qed
lemma bdd_below_Un [simp]: "bdd_below (A ∪ B) = (bdd_below A ∧ bdd_below B)" proof assume"bdd_below (A ∪ B)" thus"bdd_below A ∧ bdd_below B"unfolding bdd_below_def by auto next assume"bdd_below A ∧ bdd_below B" thenobtain a b where"∀x∈A. a ≤ x""∀x∈B. b ≤ x"unfolding bdd_below_def by auto hence"∀x ∈ A ∪ B. inf a b ≤ x"by (auto intro: Un_iff le_infI1 le_infI2) thus"bdd_below (A ∪ B)"unfolding bdd_below_def .. qed
lemma bdd_below_UN[simp]: "finite I ==> bdd_below (∪i∈I. A i) = (∀i ∈ I. bdd_below (A i))" by (induction I rule: finite.induct) auto
lemma bdd_above_UN[simp]: "finite I ==> bdd_above (∪i∈I. A i) = (∀i ∈ I. bdd_above (A i))" by (induction I rule: finite.induct) auto
end
text‹ To avoid name classes with the 🍋‹complete_lattice›-class we prefix 🍋‹Sup› and 🍋‹Inf›in theorem names with c. ›
subsection‹Conditionally complete lattices›
class conditionally_complete_lattice = lattice + Sup + Inf + assumes cInf_lower: "x ∈ X ==> bdd_below X ==> Inf X ≤ x" and cInf_greatest: "X ≠ {} ==> (∧x. x ∈ X ==> z ≤ x) ==> z ≤ Inf X" assumes cSup_upper: "x ∈ X ==> bdd_above X ==> x ≤ Sup X" and cSup_least: "X ≠ {} ==> (∧x. x ∈ X ==> x ≤ z) ==> Sup X ≤ z" begin
lemma cSup_upper2: "x ∈ X ==> y ≤ x ==> bdd_above X ==> y ≤ Sup X" by (metis cSup_upper order_trans)
lemma cInf_lower2: "x ∈ X ==> x ≤ y ==> bdd_below X ==> Inf X ≤ y" by (metis cInf_lower order_trans)
lemma cSup_mono: "B ≠ {} ==> bdd_above A ==> (∧b. b ∈ B ==>∃a∈A. b ≤ a) ==> Sup B≤ Sup A" by (metis cSup_least cSup_upper2)
lemma cInf_mono: "B ≠ {} ==> bdd_below A ==> (∧b. b ∈ B ==>∃a∈A. a ≤ b) ==> Inf A≤ Inf B" by (metis cInf_greatest cInf_lower2)
lemma cSup_subset_mono: "A ≠ {} ==> bdd_above B ==> A ⊆ B ==> Sup A ≤ Sup B" by (metis cSup_least cSup_upper subsetD)
lemma cInf_superset_mono: "A ≠ {} ==> bdd_below B ==> A ⊆ B ==> Inf B ≤ Inf A" by (metis cInf_greatest cInf_lower subsetD)
lemma cSup_eq_maximum: "z ∈ X ==> (∧x. x ∈ X ==> x ≤ z) ==> Sup X = z" by (intro order.antisym cSup_upper[of z X] cSup_least[of X z]) auto
lemma cInf_eq_minimum: "z ∈ X ==> (∧x. x ∈ X ==> z ≤ x) ==> Inf X = z" by (intro order.antisym cInf_lower[of z X] cInf_greatest[of X z]) auto
lemma cSup_le_iff: "S ≠ {} ==> bdd_above S ==> Sup S ≤ a ⟷ (∀x∈S. x ≤ a)" by (metis order_trans cSup_upper cSup_least)
lemma le_cInf_iff: "S ≠ {} ==> bdd_below S ==> a ≤ Inf S ⟷ (∀x∈S. a ≤ x)" by (metis order_trans cInf_lower cInf_greatest)
lemma cSup_eq_non_empty: assumes 1: "X ≠ {}" assumes 2: "∧x. x ∈ X ==> x ≤ a" assumes 3: "∧y. (∧x. x ∈ X ==> x ≤ y) ==> a ≤ y" shows"Sup X = a" by (intro 3 1 order.antisym cSup_least) (auto intro: 2 1 cSup_upper)
lemma cInf_eq_non_empty: assumes 1: "X ≠ {}" assumes 2: "∧x. x ∈ X ==> a ≤ x" assumes 3: "∧y. (∧x. x ∈ X ==> y ≤ x) ==> y ≤ a" shows"Inf X = a" by (intro 3 1 order.antisym cInf_greatest) (auto intro: 2 1 cInf_lower)
lemma cInf_cSup: "S ≠ {} ==> bdd_below S ==> Inf S = Sup {x. ∀s∈S. x ≤ s}" by (rule cInf_eq_non_empty) (auto intro!: cSup_upper cSup_least simp: bdd_below_def)
lemma cSup_cInf: "S ≠ {} ==> bdd_above S ==> Sup S = Inf {x. ∀s∈S. s ≤ x}" by (rule cSup_eq_non_empty) (auto intro!: cInf_lower cInf_greatest simp: bdd_above_def)
lemma cSup_insert: "X ≠ {} ==> bdd_above X ==> Sup (insert a X) = sup a (Sup X)" by (intro cSup_eq_non_empty) (auto intro: le_supI2 cSup_upper cSup_least)
lemma cInf_insert: "X ≠ {} ==> bdd_below X ==> Inf (insert a X) = inf a (Inf X)" by (intro cInf_eq_non_empty) (auto intro: le_infI2 cInf_lower cInf_greatest)
lemma cSup_singleton [simp]: "Sup {x} = x" by (intro cSup_eq_maximum) auto
lemma cInf_singleton [simp]: "Inf {x} = x" by (intro cInf_eq_minimum) auto
lemma cSup_insert_If: "bdd_above X ==> Sup (insert a X) = (if X = {} then a else sup a (Sup X))" using cSup_insert[of X] by simp
lemma cInf_insert_If: "bdd_below X ==> Inf (insert a X) = (if X = {} then a else inf a (Inf X))" using cInf_insert[of X] by simp
lemma le_cSup_finite: "finite X ==> x ∈ X ==> x ≤ Sup X" proof (induct X arbitrary: x rule: finite_induct) case (insert x X y) thenshow ?case by (cases "X = {}") (auto simp: cSup_insert intro: le_supI2) qed simp
lemma cInf_le_finite: "finite X ==> x ∈ X ==> Inf X ≤ x" proof (induct X arbitrary: x rule: finite_induct) case (insert x X y) thenshow ?case by (cases "X = {}") (auto simp: cInf_insert intro: le_infI2) qed simp
lemma cSup_eq_Sup_fin: "finite X ==> X ≠ {} ==> Sup X = Sup_fin X" by (induct X rule: finite_ne_induct) (simp_all add: cSup_insert)
lemma cInf_eq_Inf_fin: "finite X ==> X ≠ {} ==> Inf X = Inf_fin X" by (induct X rule: finite_ne_induct) (simp_all add: cInf_insert)
lemma cSup_atMost[simp]: "Sup {..x} = x" by (auto intro!: cSup_eq_maximum)
lemma cSup_greaterThanAtMost[simp]: "y < x ==> Sup {y<..x} = x" by (auto intro!: cSup_eq_maximum)
lemma cSup_atLeastAtMost[simp]: "y ≤ x ==> Sup {y..x} = x" by (auto intro!: cSup_eq_maximum)
lemma cInf_atLeast[simp]: "Inf {x..} = x" by (auto intro!: cInf_eq_minimum)
lemma cInf_atLeastLessThan[simp]: "y < x ==> Inf {y.. by (auto intro!: cInf_eq_minimum)
lemma cInf_atLeastAtMost[simp]: "y ≤ x ==> Inf {y..x} = y" by (auto intro!: cInf_eq_minimum)
lemma cINF_lower: "bdd_below (f ` A) ==> x ∈ A ==>⊓(f ` A) ≤ f x" using cInf_lower [of _ "f ` A"] by simp
lemma cINF_greatest: "A ≠ {} ==> (∧x. x ∈ A ==> m ≤ f x) ==> m ≤⊓(f ` A)" using cInf_greatest [of "f ` A"] by auto
lemma cSUP_upper: "x ∈ A ==> bdd_above (f ` A) ==> f x ≤⊔(f ` A)" using cSup_upper [of _ "f ` A"] by simp
lemma cSUP_least: "A ≠ {} ==> (∧x. x ∈ A ==> f x ≤ M) ==>⊔(f ` A) ≤ M" using cSup_least [of "f ` A"] by auto
lemma cINF_lower2: "bdd_below (f ` A) ==> x ∈ A ==> f x ≤ u ==>⊓(f ` A) ≤ u" by (auto intro: cINF_lower order_trans)
lemma cSUP_upper2: "bdd_above (f ` A) ==> x ∈ A ==> u ≤ f x ==> u ≤⊔(f ` A)" by (auto intro: cSUP_upper order_trans)
lemma cSUP_const [simp]: "A ≠ {} ==> (⊔x∈A. c) = c" by (intro order.antisym cSUP_least) (auto intro: cSUP_upper)
lemma cINF_const [simp]: "A ≠ {} ==> (⊓x∈A. c) = c" by (intro order.antisym cINF_greatest) (auto intro: cINF_lower)
lemma le_cINF_iff: "A ≠ {} ==> bdd_below (f ` A) ==> u ≤⊓(f ` A) ⟷ (∀x∈A. u ≤ f x)" by (metis cINF_greatest cINF_lower order_trans)
lemma cSUP_le_iff: "A ≠ {} ==> bdd_above (f ` A) ==>⊔(f ` A) ≤ u ⟷ (∀x∈A. f x ≤ u)" by (metis cSUP_least cSUP_upper order_trans)
lemma less_cINF_D: "bdd_below (f`A) ==> y < (⊓i∈A. f i) ==> i ∈ A ==> y < f i" by (metis cINF_lower less_le_trans)
lemma cSUP_lessD: "bdd_above (f`A) ==> (⊔i∈A. f i) < y ==> i ∈ A ==> f i < y" by (metis cSUP_upper le_less_trans)
lemma cINF_insert: "A ≠ {} ==> bdd_below (f ` A) ==>⊓(f ` insert a A) = inf (f a) (⊓(f ` A))" by (simp add: cInf_insert)
lemma cSUP_insert: "A ≠ {} ==> bdd_above (f ` A) ==>⊔(f ` insert a A) = sup (f a) (⊔(f ` A))" by (simp add: cSup_insert)
lemma cINF_mono: "B ≠ {} ==> bdd_below (f ` A) ==> (∧m. m ∈ B ==>∃n∈A. f n ≤ g m)==>⊓(f ` A) ≤⊓(g ` B)" using cInf_mono [of "g ` B""f ` A"] by auto
lemma cSUP_mono: "A ≠ {} ==> bdd_above (g ` B) ==> (∧n. n ∈ A ==>∃m∈B. f n ≤ g m)==>⊔(f ` A) ≤⊔(g ` B)" using cSup_mono [of "f ` A""g ` B"] by auto
lemma cINF_superset_mono: "A ≠ {} ==> bdd_below (g ` B) ==> A ⊆ B ==> (∧x. x ∈ B ==> g x ≤ f x) ==>⊓(g ` B) ≤⊓(f ` A)" by (rule cINF_mono) auto
lemma cSUP_subset_mono: "[A ≠ {}; bdd_above (g ` B); A ⊆ B; ∧x. x ∈ A ==> f x ≤ g x]==>⊔ (f ` A) ≤⊔ (g ` B)" by (rule cSUP_mono) auto
lemma less_eq_cInf_inter: "bdd_below A ==> bdd_below B ==> A ∩ B ≠ {} ==> inf (Inf A) (Inf B) ≤ Inf (A ∩ B)" by (metis cInf_superset_mono lattice_class.inf_sup_ord(1) le_infI1)
lemma cSup_inter_less_eq: "bdd_above A ==> bdd_above B ==> A ∩ B ≠ {} ==> Sup (A ∩ B) ≤ sup (Sup A) (Sup B) " by (metis cSup_subset_mono lattice_class.inf_sup_ord(1) le_supI1)
lemma cInf_union_distrib: "A ≠ {} ==> bdd_below A ==> B ≠ {} ==> bdd_below B ==> Inf (A ∪ B) = inf (Inf A) (Inf B)" by (intro order.antisym le_infI cInf_greatest cInf_lower) (auto intro: le_infI1 le_infI2 cInf_lower)
lemma cINF_union: "A ≠ {} ==> bdd_below (f ` A) ==> B ≠ {} ==> bdd_below (f ` B) ==>⊓ (f ` (A ∪ B)) = ⊓ (f ` A) ⊓⊓ (f ` B)" using cInf_union_distrib [of "f ` A""f ` B"] by (simp add: image_Un)
lemma cSup_union_distrib: "A ≠ {} ==> bdd_above A ==> B ≠ {} ==> bdd_above B ==> Sup (A ∪ B) = sup (Sup A) (Sup B)" by (intro order.antisym le_supI cSup_least cSup_upper) (auto intro: le_supI1 le_supI2 cSup_upper)
lemma cSUP_union: "A ≠ {} ==> bdd_above (f ` A) ==> B ≠ {} ==> bdd_above (f ` B) ==>⊔ (f ` (A ∪ B)) = ⊔ (f ` A) ⊔⊔ (f ` B)" using cSup_union_distrib [of "f ` A""f ` B"] by (simp add: image_Un)
lemma cINF_inf_distrib: "A ≠ {} ==> bdd_below (f`A) ==> bdd_below (g`A) ==>⊓ (f ` A) ⊓⊓ (g ` A) = (⊓a∈A. inf (f a) (g a))" by (intro order.antisym le_infI cINF_greatest cINF_lower2)
(auto intro: le_infI1 le_infI2 cINF_greatest cINF_lower le_infI)
lemma SUP_sup_distrib: "A ≠ {} ==> bdd_above (f`A) ==> bdd_above (g`A) ==>⊔ (f ` A) ⊔⊔ (g ` A) = (⊔a∈A. sup (f a) (g a))" by (intro order.antisym le_supI cSUP_least cSUP_upper2)
(auto intro: le_supI1 le_supI2 cSUP_least cSUP_upper le_supI)
lemma cInf_le_cSup: "A ≠ {} ==> bdd_above A ==> bdd_below A ==> Inf A ≤ Sup A" by (auto intro!: cSup_upper2[of "SOME a. a ∈ A"] intro: someI cInf_lower)
context fixes f :: "'a ==> 'b::conditionally_complete_lattice" assumes"mono f" begin
lemma mono_cInf: "[bdd_below A; A≠{}]==> f (Inf A) ≤ (INF x∈A. f x)" by (simp add: ‹mono f› conditionally_complete_lattice_class.cINF_greatest cInf_lower monoD)
lemma mono_cSup: "[bdd_above A; A≠{}]==> (SUP x∈A. f x) ≤ f (Sup A)" by (simp add: ‹mono f› conditionally_complete_lattice_class.cSUP_least cSup_upper monoD)
lemma mono_cINF: "[bdd_below (A`I); I≠{}]==> f (INF i∈I. A i) ≤ (INF x∈I. f (A x))" by (simp add: ‹mono f› conditionally_complete_lattice_class.cINF_greatest cINF_lower monoD)
lemma mono_cSUP: "[bdd_above (A`I); I≠{}]==> (SUP x∈I. f (A x)) ≤ f (SUP i∈I. A i)" by (simp add: ‹mono f› conditionally_complete_lattice_class.cSUP_least cSUP_upper monoD)
end
end
text‹The special case of well-orderings›
lemma wellorder_InfI: fixes k :: "'a::{wellorder,conditionally_complete_lattice}" assumes"k ∈ A"shows"Inf A ∈ A" using wellorder_class.LeastI [of "λx. x ∈ A" k] by (simp add: Least_le assms cInf_eq_minimum)
lemma wellorder_Inf_le1: fixes k :: "'a::{wellorder,conditionally_complete_lattice}" assumes"k ∈ A"shows"Inf A ≤ k" by (meson Least_le assms bdd_below.I cInf_lower)
subsection‹Complete lattices›
instance complete_lattice ⊆ conditionally_complete_lattice by standard (auto intro: Sup_upper Sup_least Inf_lower Inf_greatest)
lemma cSup_eq: fixes a :: "'a :: {conditionally_complete_lattice, no_bot}" assumes upper: "∧x. x ∈ X ==> x ≤ a" assumes least: "∧y. (∧x. x ∈ X ==> x ≤ y) ==> a ≤ y" shows"Sup X = a" proof cases assume"X = {}"with lt_ex[of a] least show ?thesis by (auto simp: less_le_not_le) qed (intro cSup_eq_non_empty assms)
lemma cSup_unique: fixes b :: "'a :: {conditionally_complete_lattice, no_bot}" assumes"∧c. (∀x ∈ s. x ≤ c) ⟷ b ≤ c" shows"Sup s = b" by (metis assms cSup_eq order.refl)
lemma cInf_eq: fixes a :: "'a :: {conditionally_complete_lattice, no_top}" assumes upper: "∧x. x ∈ X ==> a ≤ x" assumes least: "∧y. (∧x. x ∈ X ==> y ≤ x) ==> y ≤ a" shows"Inf X = a" proof cases assume"X = {}"with gt_ex[of a] least show ?thesis by (auto simp: less_le_not_le) qed (intro cInf_eq_non_empty assms)
lemma cInf_unique: fixes b :: "'a :: {conditionally_complete_lattice, no_top}" assumes"∧c. (∀x ∈ s. x ≥ c) ⟷ b ≥ c" shows"Inf s = b" by (meson assms cInf_eq order.refl)
class conditionally_complete_linorder = conditionally_complete_lattice + linorder begin
lemma less_cSup_iff: "X ≠ {} ==> bdd_above X ==> y < Sup X ⟷ (∃x∈X. y < x)" by (rule iffI) (metis cSup_least not_less, metis cSup_upper less_le_trans)
lemma cInf_less_iff: "X ≠ {} ==> bdd_below X ==> Inf X < y ⟷ (∃x∈X. x < y)" by (rule iffI) (metis cInf_greatest not_less, metis cInf_lower le_less_trans)
lemma cINF_less_iff: "A ≠ {} ==> bdd_below (f`A) ==> (⊓i∈A. f i) < a ⟷ (∃x∈A. f x < a)" using cInf_less_iff[of "f`A"] by auto
lemma less_cSUP_iff: "A ≠ {} ==> bdd_above (f`A) ==> a < (⊔i∈A. f i) ⟷ (∃x∈A. a < f x)" using less_cSup_iff[of "f`A"] by auto
lemma less_cSupE: assumes"y < Sup X""X ≠ {}"obtains x where"x ∈ X""y < x" by (metis cSup_least assms not_le that)
lemma less_cSupD: "X ≠ {} ==> z < Sup X ==>∃x∈X. z < x" by (metis less_cSup_iff not_le_imp_less bdd_above_def)
lemma cInf_lessD: "X ≠ {} ==> Inf X < z ==>∃x∈X. x < z" by (metis cInf_less_iff not_le_imp_less bdd_below_def)
lemma complete_interval: assumes"a < b"and"P a"and"¬ P b" shows"∃c. a ≤ c ∧ c ≤ b ∧ (∀x. a ≤ x ∧ x < c ⟶ P x) ∧ (∀d. (∀x. a ≤ x ∧ x < d ⟶ P x) ⟶ d ≤ c)" proof (rule exI [where x = "Sup {d. ∀x. a ≤ x ∧ x < d ⟶ P x}"], safe) show"a ≤ Sup {d. ∀c. a ≤ c ∧ c < d ⟶ P c}" by (rule cSup_upper, auto simp: bdd_above_def)
(metis ‹a 🚫›‹¬ P b› linear less_le) next show"Sup {d. ∀c. a ≤ c ∧ c < d ⟶ P c} ≤ b" by (rule cSup_least)
(use‹a🚫›‹¬ P b›in‹auto simp add: less_le_not_le›) next fix x assume x: "a ≤ x"and lt: "x < Sup {d. ∀c. a ≤ c ∧ c < d ⟶ P c}" show"P x" by (rule less_cSupE [OF lt]) (use less_le_not_le x in‹auto›) next fix d assume 0: "∀x. a ≤ x ∧ x < d ⟶ P x" thenhave"d ∈ {d. ∀c. a ≤ c ∧ c < d ⟶ P c}" by auto moreoverhave"bdd_above {d. ∀c. a ≤ c ∧ c < d ⟶ P c}" unfolding bdd_above_def using‹a🚫›‹¬ P b› linear by (simp add: less_le) blast ultimatelyshow"d ≤ Sup {d. ∀c. a ≤ c ∧ c < d ⟶ P c}" by (auto simp: cSup_upper) qed
lemma cSup_eq_Max: "finite (X::'a::conditionally_complete_linorder set) ==> X ≠ {}==> Sup X = Max X" using cSup_eq_Sup_fin[of X] by (simp add: Sup_fin_Max)
lemma cInf_eq_Min: "finite (X::'a::conditionally_complete_linorder set) ==> X ≠ {}==> Inf X = Min X" using cInf_eq_Inf_fin[of X] by (simp add: Inf_fin_Min)
lemma cSup_lessThan[simp]: "Sup {.. by (auto intro!: cSup_eq_non_empty intro: dense_le)
lemma cSup_greaterThanLessThan[simp]: "y < x ==> Sup {y<.. by (auto intro!: cSup_eq_non_empty intro: dense_le_bounded)
lemma cSup_atLeastLessThan[simp]: "y < x ==> Sup {y.. by (auto intro!: cSup_eq_non_empty intro: dense_le_bounded)
lemma cInf_greaterThanAtMost[simp]: "y < x ==> Inf {y<..x::'a::{conditionally_complete_linorder, dense_linorder}} = y" by (auto intro!: cInf_eq_non_empty intro: dense_ge_bounded)
lemma cInf_greaterThanLessThan[simp]: "y < x ==> Inf {y<.. by (auto intro!: cInf_eq_non_empty intro: dense_ge_bounded)
lemma Sup_inverse_eq_inverse_Inf: fixes f::"'b ==> 'a::{conditionally_complete_linorder,linordered_field}" assumes"bdd_above (range f)""L > 0"and geL: "∧x. f x ≥ L" shows"(SUP x. 1 / f x) = 1 / (INF x. f x)" proof (rule antisym) have bdd_f: "bdd_below (range f)" by (meson assms bdd_belowI2) have"Inf (range f) ≥ L" by (simp add: cINF_greatest geL) have bdd_invf: "bdd_above (range (λx. 1 / f x))" proof (rule bdd_aboveI2) show"∧x. 1 / f x ≤ 1/L" using assms by (auto simp: divide_simps) qed moreoverhave le_inverse_Inf: "1 / f x ≤ 1 / Inf (range f)"for x proof - have"Inf (range f) ≤ f x" by (simp add: bdd_f cInf_lower) thenshow ?thesis using assms ‹L ≤ Inf (range f)›by (auto simp: divide_simps) qed ultimatelyshow *: "(SUP x. 1 / f x) ≤ 1 / Inf (range f)" by (auto simp: cSup_le_iff cINF_lower) have"1 / (SUP x. 1 / f x) ≤ f y"for y proof (cases "(SUP x. 1 / f x) < 0") case True with assms show ?thesis by (meson less_asym' order_trans linorder_not_le zero_le_divide_1_iff) next case False have"1 / f y ≤ (SUP x. 1 / f x)" by (simp add: bdd_invf cSup_upper) with False assms show ?thesis by (metis (no_types) div_by_1 divide_divide_eq_right dual_order.strict_trans1 inverse_eq_divide
inverse_le_imp_le mult.left_neutral) qed thenhave"1 / (SUP x. 1 / f x) ≤ Inf (range f)" using bdd_f by (simp add: le_cInf_iff) moreoverhave"(SUP x. 1 / f x) > 0" using assms cSUP_upper [OF _ bdd_invf] by (meson UNIV_I less_le_trans zero_less_divide_1_iff) ultimatelyshow"1 / Inf (range f) ≤ (SUP t. 1 / f t)" using‹L ≤ Inf (range f)›‹L>0›by (auto simp: field_simps) qed
lemma Inf_inverse_eq_inverse_Sup: fixes f::"'b ==> 'a::{conditionally_complete_linorder,linordered_field}" assumes"bdd_above (range f)""L > 0"and geL: "∧x. f x ≥ L" shows"(INF x. 1 / f x) = 1 / (SUP x. f x)" proof - obtain M where"M>0"and M: "∧x. f x ≤ M" by (meson assms cSup_upper dual_order.strict_trans1 rangeI) have bdd: "bdd_above (range (inverse ∘ f))" using assms le_imp_inverse_le by (auto simp: bdd_above_def) have"f x > 0"for x using‹L>0› geL order_less_le_trans by blast thenhave [simp]: "1 / inverse(f x) = f x""1 / M ≤ 1 / f x"for x using M ‹M>0›by (auto simp: divide_simps) show ?thesis using Sup_inverse_eq_inverse_Inf [OF bdd, of "inverse M"] ‹M>0› by (simp add: inverse_eq_divide) qed
lemma Inf_insert_finite: fixes S :: "'a::conditionally_complete_linorder set" shows"finite S ==> Inf (insert x S) = (if S = {} then x else min x (Inf S))" by (simp add: cInf_eq_Min)
lemma Sup_insert_finite: fixes S :: "'a::conditionally_complete_linorder set" shows"finite S ==> Sup (insert x S) = (if S = {} then x else max x (Sup S))" by (simp add: cSup_insert sup_max)
lemma finite_imp_less_Inf: fixes a :: "'a::conditionally_complete_linorder" shows"[finite X; x ∈ X; ∧x. x∈X ==> a < x]==> a < Inf X" by (induction X rule: finite_induct) (simp_all add: cInf_eq_Min Inf_insert_finite)
lemma finite_less_Inf_iff: fixes a :: "'a :: conditionally_complete_linorder" shows"[finite X; X ≠ {}]==> a < Inf X ⟷ (∀x ∈ X. a < x)" by (auto simp: cInf_eq_Min)
lemma finite_imp_Sup_less: fixes a :: "'a::conditionally_complete_linorder" shows"[finite X; x ∈ X; ∧x. x∈X ==> a > x]==> a > Sup X" by (induction X rule: finite_induct) (simp_all add: cSup_eq_Max Sup_insert_finite)
lemma finite_Sup_less_iff: fixes a :: "'a :: conditionally_complete_linorder" shows"[finite X; X ≠ {}]==> a > Sup X ⟷ (∀x ∈ X. a > x)" by (auto simp: cSup_eq_Max)
class linear_continuum = conditionally_complete_linorder + dense_linorder + assumes UNIV_not_singleton: "∃a b::'a. a ≠ b" begin
lemma ex_gt_or_lt: "∃b. a < b ∨ b < a" by (metis UNIV_not_singleton neq_iff)
end
context fixes f::"'a ==> 'b::{conditionally_complete_linorder,ordered_ab_group_add}" begin
lemma bdd_above_uminus_image: "bdd_above ((λx. - f x) ` A) ⟷ bdd_below (f ` A)" by (metis bdd_above_uminus image_image)
lemma bdd_below_uminus_image: "bdd_below ((λx. - f x) ` A) ⟷ bdd_above (f ` A)" by (metis bdd_below_uminus image_image)
lemma uminus_cSUP: assumes"bdd_above (f ` A)""A ≠ {}" shows"- (SUP x∈A. f x) = (INF x∈A. - f x)" proof (rule antisym) show"(INF x∈A. - f x) ≤ - Sup (f ` A)" by (metis cINF_lower cSUP_least bdd_below_uminus_image assms le_minus_iff) have *: "∧x. x ∈A ==> f x ≤ Sup (f ` A)" by (simp add: assms cSup_upper) thenshow"- Sup (f ` A) ≤ (INF x∈A. - f x)" by (simp add: assms cINF_greatest) qed
end
context fixes f::"'a ==> 'b::{conditionally_complete_linorder,ordered_ab_group_add}" begin
lemma uminus_cINF: assumes"bdd_below (f ` A)""A ≠ {}" shows"- (INF x∈A. f x) = (SUP x∈A. - f x)" by (metis (mono_tags, lifting) INF_cong uminus_cSUP assms bdd_above_uminus_image minus_equation_iff)
lemma Sup_add_eq: assumes"bdd_above (f ` A)""A ≠ {}" shows"(SUP x∈A. a + f x) = a + (SUP x∈A. f x)" (is"?L=?R") proof (rule antisym) have bdd: "bdd_above ((λx. a + f x) ` A)" by (metis assms bdd_above_image_mono image_image mono_add) with assms show"?L ≤ ?R" by (simp add: assms cSup_le_iff cSUP_upper) have"∧x. x ∈ A ==> f x ≤ (SUP x∈A. a + f x) - a" by (simp add: bdd cSup_upper le_diff_eq) with‹A ≠ {}›have"⊔ (f ` A) ≤ (⊔x∈A. a + f x) - a" by (simp add: cSUP_least) thenshow"?R ≤ ?L" by (metis add.commute le_diff_eq) qed
lemma Inf_add_eq: 🍋‹you don't get a shorter proof by duality› assumes"bdd_below (f ` A)""A ≠ {}" shows"(INF x∈A. a + f x) = a + (INF x∈A. f x)" (is"?L=?R") proof (rule antisym) show"?R ≤ ?L" using assms mono_add mono_cINF by blast have bdd: "bdd_below ((λx. a + f x) ` A)" by (metis add_left_mono assms(1) bdd_below.E bdd_below.I2 imageI) with assms have"∧x. x ∈ A ==> f x ≥ (INF x∈A. a + f x) - a" by (simp add: cInf_lower diff_le_eq) with‹A ≠ {}›have"(⊓x∈A. a + f x) - a ≤⊓ (f ` A)" by (simp add: cINF_greatest) with assms show"?L ≤ ?R" by (metis add.commute diff_le_eq) qed
end
instantiation nat :: conditionally_complete_linorder begin
definition"Sup (X::nat set) = (if X={} then 0 else Max X)" definition"Inf (X::nat set) = (LEAST n. n ∈ X)"
lemma bdd_above_nat: "bdd_above X ⟷ finite (X::nat set)" proof assume"bdd_above X" thenobtain z where"X ⊆ {.. z}" by (auto simp: bdd_above_def) thenshow"finite X" by (rule finite_subset) simp qed simp
instance proof fix x :: nat fix X :: "nat set" show"Inf X ≤ x"if"x ∈ X""bdd_below X" using that by (simp add: Inf_nat_def Least_le) show"x ≤ Inf X"if"X ≠ {}""∧y. y ∈ X ==> x ≤ y" using that unfolding Inf_nat_def ex_in_conv[symmetric] by (rule LeastI2_ex) show"x ≤ Sup X"if"x ∈ X""bdd_above X" using that by (auto simp add: Sup_nat_def bdd_above_nat) show"Sup X ≤ x"if"X ≠ {}""∧y. y ∈ X ==> y ≤ x" proof - from that have"bdd_above X" by (auto simp: bdd_above_def) with that show ?thesis by (simp add: Sup_nat_def bdd_above_nat) qed qed
instantiation int :: conditionally_complete_linorder begin
definition"Sup (X::int set) = (THE x. x ∈ X ∧ (∀y∈X. y ≤ x))" definition"Inf (X::int set) = - (Sup (uminus ` X))"
instance proof
{ fix x :: int and X :: "int set"assume"X ≠ {}""bdd_above X" thenobtain x y where"X ⊆ {..y}""x ∈ X" by (auto simp: bdd_above_def) thenhave *: "finite (X ∩ {x..y})""X ∩ {x..y} ≠ {}"and"x ≤ y" by (auto simp: subset_eq) have"∃!x∈X. (∀y∈X. y ≤ x)" proof
{ fix z assume"z ∈ X" have"z ≤ Max (X ∩ {x..y})" proof cases assume"x ≤ z"with‹z ∈ X›‹X ⊆ {..y}› *(1) show ?thesis by (auto intro!: Max_ge) next assume"¬ x ≤ z" thenhave"z < x"by simp alsohave"x ≤ Max (X ∩ {x..y})" using‹x ∈ X› *(1) ‹x ≤ y›by (intro Max_ge) auto finallyshow ?thesis by simp qed } note le = this with Max_in[OF *] show ex: "Max (X ∩ {x..y}) ∈ X ∧ (∀z∈X. z ≤ Max (X ∩ {x..y}))"by auto
fix z assume *: "z ∈ X ∧ (∀y∈X. y ≤ z)" with le have"z ≤ Max (X ∩ {x..y})" by auto moreoverhave"Max (X ∩ {x..y}) ≤ z" using * ex by auto ultimatelyshow"z = Max (X ∩ {x..y})" by auto qed thenhave"Sup X ∈ X ∧ (∀y∈X. y ≤ Sup X)" unfolding Sup_int_def by (rule theI') } note Sup_int = this
{ fix x :: int and X :: "int set"assume"x ∈ X""bdd_above X"thenshow"x ≤ Sup X" using Sup_int[of X] by auto } note le_Sup = this
{ fix x :: int and X :: "int set"assume"X ≠ {}""∧y. y ∈ X ==> y ≤ x"thenshow"Sup X ≤ x" using Sup_int[of X] by (auto simp: bdd_above_def) } note Sup_le = this
{ fix x :: int and X :: "int set"assume"x ∈ X""bdd_below X"thenshow"Inf X ≤ x" using le_Sup[of "-x""uminus ` X"] by (auto simp: Inf_int_def) }
{ fix x :: int and X :: "int set"assume"X ≠ {}""∧y. y ∈ X ==> x ≤ y"thenshow"x ≤ Inf X" using Sup_le[of "uminus ` X""-x"] by (force simp: Inf_int_def) } qed end
lemma interval_cases: fixes S :: "'a :: conditionally_complete_linorder set" assumes ivl: "∧a b x. a ∈ S ==> b ∈ S ==> a ≤ x ==> x ≤ b ==> x ∈ S" shows"∃a b. S = {} ∨ S = UNIV ∨ S = {..∨ S = {..b} ∨ S = {a<..} ∨ S = {a..} ∨ S = {a<..∨ S = {a<..b} ∨ S = {a..∨ S = {a..b}" proof -
define lower upper where"lower = {x. ∃s∈S. s ≤ x}"and"upper = {x. ∃s∈S. x ≤ s}" with ivl have"S = lower ∩ upper" by auto moreover have"∃a. upper = UNIV ∨ upper = {} ∨ upper = {.. a} ∨ upper = {..< a}" proof cases assume *: "bdd_above S ∧ S ≠ {}" from * have"upper ⊆ {.. Sup S}" by (auto simp: upper_def intro: cSup_upper2) moreoverfrom * have"{..< Sup S} ⊆ upper" by (force simp add: less_cSup_iff upper_def subset_eq Ball_def) ultimatelyhave"upper = {.. Sup S} ∨ upper = {..< Sup S}" unfolding ivl_disj_un(2)[symmetric] by auto thenshow ?thesis by auto next assume"¬ (bdd_above S ∧ S ≠ {})" thenhave"upper = UNIV ∨ upper = {}" by (auto simp: upper_def bdd_above_def not_le dest: less_imp_le) thenshow ?thesis by auto qed moreover have"∃b. lower = UNIV ∨ lower = {} ∨ lower = {b ..} ∨ lower = {b <..}" proof cases assume *: "bdd_below S ∧ S ≠ {}" from * have"lower ⊆ {Inf S ..}" by (auto simp: lower_def intro: cInf_lower2) moreoverfrom * have"{Inf S <..} ⊆ lower" by (force simp add: cInf_less_iff lower_def subset_eq Ball_def) ultimatelyhave"lower = {Inf S ..} ∨ lower = {Inf S <..}" unfolding ivl_disj_un(1)[symmetric] by auto thenshow ?thesis by auto next assume"¬ (bdd_below S ∧ S ≠ {})" thenhave"lower = UNIV ∨ lower = {}" by (auto simp: lower_def bdd_below_def not_le dest: less_imp_le) thenshow ?thesis by auto qed ultimatelyshow ?thesis unfolding greaterThanAtMost_def greaterThanLessThan_def atLeastAtMost_def atLeastLessThan_def by (metis inf_bot_left inf_bot_right inf_top.left_neutral inf_top.right_neutral) qed
lemma cSUP_eq_cINF_D: fixes f :: "_ ==> 'b::conditionally_complete_lattice" assumes eq: "(⊔x∈A. f x) = (⊓x∈A. f x)" and bdd: "bdd_above (f ` A)""bdd_below (f ` A)" and a: "a ∈ A" shows"f a = (⊓x∈A. f x)" proof (rule antisym) show"f a ≤⊓ (f ` A)" by (metis a bdd(1) eq cSUP_upper) show"⊓ (f ` A) ≤ f a" using a bdd by (auto simp: cINF_lower) qed
lemma cSUP_UNION: fixes f :: "_ ==> 'b::conditionally_complete_lattice" assumes ne: "A ≠ {}""∧x. x ∈ A ==> B(x) ≠ {}" and bdd_UN: "bdd_above (∪x∈A. f ` B x)" shows"(⊔z ∈∪x∈A. B x. f z) = (⊔x∈A. ⊔z∈B x. f z)" proof - have bdd: "∧x. x ∈ A ==> bdd_above (f ` B x)" using bdd_UN by (meson UN_upper bdd_above_mono) obtain M where"∧x y. x ∈ A ==> y ∈ B(x) ==> f y ≤ M" using bdd_UN by (auto simp: bdd_above_def) thenhave bdd2: "bdd_above ((λx. ⊔z∈B x. f z) ` A)" unfolding bdd_above_def by (force simp: bdd cSUP_le_iff ne(2)) have"(⊔z ∈∪x∈A. B x. f z) ≤ (⊔x∈A. ⊔z∈B x. f z)" using assms by (fastforce simp add: intro!: cSUP_least intro: cSUP_upper2 simp: bdd2 bdd) moreoverhave"(⊔x∈A. ⊔z∈B x. f z) ≤ (⊔ z ∈∪x∈A. B x. f z)" using assms by (fastforce simp add: intro!: cSUP_least intro: cSUP_upper simp: image_UN bdd_UN) ultimatelyshow ?thesis by (rule order_antisym) qed
lemma cINF_UNION: fixes f :: "_ ==> 'b::conditionally_complete_lattice" assumes ne: "A ≠ {}""∧x. x ∈ A ==> B(x) ≠ {}" and bdd_UN: "bdd_below (∪x∈A. f ` B x)" shows"(⊓z ∈∪x∈A. B x. f z) = (⊓x∈A. ⊓z∈B x. f z)" proof - have bdd: "∧x. x ∈ A ==> bdd_below (f ` B x)" using bdd_UN by (meson UN_upper bdd_below_mono) obtain M where"∧x y. x ∈ A ==> y ∈ B(x) ==> f y ≥ M" using bdd_UN by (auto simp: bdd_below_def) thenhave bdd2: "bdd_below ((λx. ⊓z∈B x. f z) ` A)" unfolding bdd_below_def by (force simp: bdd le_cINF_iff ne(2)) have"(⊓z ∈∪x∈A. B x. f z) ≤ (⊓x∈A. ⊓z∈B x. f z)" using assms by (fastforce simp add: intro!: cINF_greatest intro: cINF_lower simp: bdd2 bdd) moreoverhave"(⊓x∈A. ⊓z∈B x. f z) ≤ (⊓z ∈∪x∈A. B x. f z)" using assms by (fastforce simp add: intro!: cINF_greatest intro: cINF_lower2 simp: bdd bdd_UN bdd2) ultimatelyshow ?thesis by (rule order_antisym) qed
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