section"Join-Based Implementation of Sets via RBTs"
theory Set2_Join_RBT imports
Set2_Join
RBT_Set begin
subsection"Code"
text‹ Function ‹joinL› j
Precondition: 🍋‹bheight l ≤ bheight r›.
Method:
Descend along the left spine of ‹r›
until you find a subtree with the same ‹bheight› as ‹l›, then combine them into a new red node. › fun joinL :: "'a rbt ==> 'a ==> 'a rbt ==> 'a rbt"where "joinL l x r = (if bheight l ≥ bheight r then R l x r else case r of B l' x' r' ==> baliL (joinL l x l') x' r' | R l' x' r' ==> R (joinL l x l') x' r')"
fun joinR :: "'a rbt ==> 'a ==> 'a rbt ==> 'a rbt"where "joinR l x r = (if bheight l ≤ bheight r then R l x r else case l of B l' x' r' ==> baliR l' x' (joinR r' x r) | R l' x' r' ==> R l' x' (joinR r' x r))"
definition join :: "'a rbt ==> 'a ==> 'a rbt ==> 'a rbt"where "join l x r = (if bheight l > bheight r then paint Black (joinR l x r) else if bheight l < bheight r then paint Black (joinL l x r) else B l x r)"
lemma invc2_joinL: "[ invc l; invc r; bheight l ≤ bheight r ]==> invc2 (joinL l x r) ∧ (bheight l ≠ bheight r ∧ color r = Black ⟶ invc(joinL l x r))" proof (induct l x r rule: joinL.induct) case (1 l x r) thus ?case by(auto simp: invc_baliL invc2I joinL.simps[of l x r] split!: tree.splits if_splits) qed
lemma invc2_joinR: "[ invc l; invh l; invc r; invh r; bheight l ≥ bheight r ]==> invc2 (joinR l x r) ∧ (bheight l ≠ bheight r ∧ color l = Black ⟶ invc(joinR l x r))" proof (induct l x r rule: joinR.induct) case (1 l x r) thus ?case by(fastforce simp: invc_baliR invc2I joinR.simps[of l x r] split!: tree.splits if_splits) qed
lemma bheight_joinL: "[ invh l; invh r; bheight l ≤ bheight r ]==> bheight (joinL l x r) = bheight r" proof (induct l x r rule: joinL.induct) case (1 l x r) thus ?case by(auto simp: bheight_baliL joinL.simps[of l x r] split!: tree.split) qed
lemma invh_joinL: "[ invh l; invh r; bheight l ≤ bheight r ]==> invh (joinL l x r)" proof (induct l x r rule: joinL.induct) case (1 l x r) thus ?case by(auto simp: invh_baliL bheight_joinL joinL.simps[of l x r] split!: tree.split color.split) qed
lemma bheight_joinR: "[ invh l; invh r; bheight l ≥ bheight r ]==> bheight (joinR l x r) = bheight l" proof (induct l x r rule: joinR.induct) case (1 l x r) thus ?case by(fastforce simp: bheight_baliR joinR.simps[of l x r] split!: tree.split) qed
lemma invh_joinR: "[ invh l; invh r; bheight l ≥ bheight r ]==> invh (joinR l x r)" proof (induct l x r rule: joinR.induct) case (1 l x r) thus ?case by(fastforce simp: invh_baliR bheight_joinR joinR.simps[of l x r]
split!: tree.split color.split) qed
text‹All invariants in one:›
lemma inv_joinL: "[ invc l; invc r; invh l; invh r; bheight l ≤ bheight r ] ==> invc2 (joinL l x r) ∧ (bheight l ≠ bheight r ∧ color r = Black ⟶ invc (joinL l x r)) ∧ invh (joinL l x r) ∧ bheight (joinL l x r) = bheight r" proof (induct l x r rule: joinL.induct) case (1 l x r) thus ?case by(auto simp: inv_baliL invc2I joinL.simps[of l x r] split!: tree.splits if_splits) qed
lemma inv_joinR: "[ invc l; invc r; invh l; invh r; bheight l ≥ bheight r ] ==> invc2 (joinR l x r) ∧ (bheight l ≠ bheight r ∧ color l = Black ⟶ invc (joinR l x r)) ∧ invh (joinR l x r) ∧ bheight (joinR l x r) = bheight l" proof (induct l x r rule: joinR.induct) case (1 l x r) thus ?case by(auto simp: inv_baliR invc2I joinR.simps[of l x r] split!: tree.splits if_splits) qed
(* unused *) lemma rbt_join: "[ invc l; invh l; invc r; invh r ]==> rbt(join l x r)" by(simp add: inv_joinL inv_joinR invh_paint rbt_def color_paint_Black join_def)
text‹To make sure the the black height is not increased unnecessarily:›
lemma bheight_paint_Black: "bheight(paint Black t) ≤ bheight t + 1" by(cases t) auto
lemma"[ rbt l; rbt r ]==> bheight(join l x r) ≤ max (bheight l) (bheight r) + 1" using bheight_paint_Black[of "joinL l x r"] bheight_paint_Black[of "joinR l x r"]
bheight_joinL[of l r x] bheight_joinR[of l r x] by(auto simp: max_def rbt_def join_def)
subsubsection "Inorder properties"
text"Currently unused. Instead 🍋‹set_tree› and 🍋‹bst› properties are proved directly."
lemma inorder_joinL: "bheight l ≤ bheight r ==> inorder(joinL l x r) = inorder l @ x # inorder r" proof(induction l x r rule: joinL.induct) case (1 l x r) thus ?caseby(auto simp: inorder_baliL joinL.simps[of l x r] split!: tree.splits color.splits) qed
lemma inorder_joinR: "inorder(joinR l x r) = inorder l @ x # inorder r" proof(induction l x r rule: joinR.induct) case (1 l x r) thus ?caseby (force simp: inorder_baliR joinR.simps[of l x r] split!: tree.splits color.splits) qed
lemma"inorder(join l x r) = inorder l @ x # inorder r" by(auto simp: inorder_joinL inorder_joinR inorder_paint join_def
split!: tree.splits color.splits if_splits
dest!: arg_cong[where f = inorder])
subsubsection "Set and bst properties"
lemma set_baliL: "set_tree(baliL l a r) = set_tree l ∪ {a} ∪ set_tree r" by(cases "(l,a,r)" rule: baliL.cases) (auto)
lemma set_joinL: "bheight l ≤ bheight r ==> set_tree (joinL l x r) = set_tree l ∪ {x} ∪ set_tree r" proof(induction l x r rule: joinL.induct) case (1 l x r) thus ?caseby(auto simp: set_baliL joinL.simps[of l x r] split!: tree.splits color.splits) qed
lemma set_baliR: "set_tree(baliR l a r) = set_tree l ∪ {a} ∪ set_tree r" by(cases "(l,a,r)" rule: baliR.cases) (auto)
lemma set_joinR: "set_tree (joinR l x r) = set_tree l ∪ {x} ∪ set_tree r" proof(induction l x r rule: joinR.induct) case (1 l x r) thus ?caseby(force simp: set_baliR joinR.simps[of l x r] split!: tree.splits color.splits) qed
lemma set_paint: "set_tree (paint c t) = set_tree t" by (cases t) auto
lemma set_join: "set_tree (join l x r) = set_tree l ∪ {x} ∪ set_tree r" by(simp add: set_joinL set_joinR set_paint join_def)
lemma bst_baliL: "[bst l; bst r; ∀x∈set_tree l. x < a; ∀x∈set_tree r. a < x] ==> bst (baliL l a r)" by(cases "(l,a,r)" rule: baliL.cases) (auto simp: ball_Un)
lemma bst_baliR: "[bst l; bst r; ∀x∈set_tree l. x < a; ∀x∈set_tree r. a < x] ==> bst (baliR l a r)" by(cases "(l,a,r)" rule: baliR.cases) (auto simp: ball_Un)
lemma bst_joinL: "[bst (Node l (a, n) r); bheight l ≤ bheight r] ==> bst (joinL l a r)" proof(induction l a r rule: joinL.induct) case (1 l a r) thus ?case by(auto simp: set_baliL joinL.simps[of l a r] set_joinL ball_Un intro!: bst_baliL
split!: tree.splits color.splits) qed
lemma bst_joinR: "[bst l; bst r; ∀x∈set_tree l. x < a; ∀y∈set_tree r. a < y ] ==> bst (joinR l a r)" proof(induction l a r rule: joinR.induct) case (1 l a r) thus ?case by(auto simp: set_baliR joinR.simps[of l a r] set_joinR ball_Un intro!: bst_baliR
split!: tree.splits color.splits) qed
lemma bst_paint: "bst (paint c t) = bst t" by(cases t) auto
lemma bst_join: "bst (Node l (a, n) r) ==> bst (join l a r)" by(auto simp: bst_paint bst_joinL bst_joinR join_def)
lemma inv_join: "[ invc l; invh l; invc r; invh r ]==> invc(join l x r) ∧ invh(join l x r)" by (simp add: inv_joinL inv_joinR invh_paint join_def)
subsubsection "Interpretation of 🍋‹Set2_Join› with Red-Black Tree"
global_interpretation RBT: Set2_Join where join = join and inv = "λt. invc t ∧ invh t" defines insert_rbt = RBT.insert and delete_rbt = RBT.delete and split_rbt = RBT.split and join2_rbt = RBT.join2 and split_min_rbt = RBT.split_min and inter_rbt = RBT.inter and union_rbt = RBT.union and diff_rbt = RBT.diff proof (standard, goal_cases) case 1 show ?caseby (rule set_join) next case 2 thus ?caseby (simp add: bst_join) next case 3 show ?caseby simp next case 4 thus ?caseby (simp add: inv_join) next case 5 thus ?caseby simp qed
text‹The invariant does not guarantee that the root node is black. This is not required to guarantee that the height is logarithmic in the size --- Exercise.›
end
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