(* Title: HOL/Hahn_Banach/Zorn_Lemma.thy Author: Gertrud Bauer, TU Munich
*)
section‹Zorn's Lemma\
theory Zorn_Lemma imports Main begin
text‹
Zorn's Lemmas states: if every linear ordered subset of an ordered set \S\
has an upper bound in‹S›, then there exists a maximal element in‹S›. In
our application, ‹S›is a set of sets ordered by set inclusion. Since the
union of a chain of sets is an upper bound for all elements of the chain,
the conditions of Zorn's lemma can be modified: if \S\ is non-empty, it
suffices toshow that for every non-empty chain ‹c›in‹S› the union of ‹c› also lies in‹S›. ›
theorem Zorn's_Lemma: assumes r: "\c. c \ chains S \ \x. x \ c \ \c \ S" and aS: "a \ S" shows"\y \ S. \z \ S. y \ z \ z = y" proof (rule Zorn_Lemma2) show"\c \ chains S. \y \ S. \z \ c. z \ y" proof fix c assume"c \ chains S" show"\y \ S. \z \ c. z \ y" proof (cases "c = {}") txt‹If‹c›is an empty chain, then every element in‹S›is an upper
bound of ‹c›.› case True with aS show ?thesis by fast next txt‹If‹c›is non-empty, then‹∪c›is an upper bound of ‹c›, lying in ‹S›.› case False show ?thesis proof show"\z \ c. z \ \c"by fast show"\c \ S" proof (rule r) from‹c ≠ {}›show"\x. x \ c"by fast show"c \ chains S"by fact qed qed qed qed qed
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