(* Title: HOL/Hoare/Hoare_Logic_Abort.thy
Author: Leonor Prensa Nieto & Tobias Nipkow
Copyright 2003 TUM
Author: Walter Guttmann (extension to total-correctness proofs)
*)
section ‹Hoare Logic
with an Abort statement
for modelling run time errors
›
theory Hoare_Logic_Abort
imports Hoare_Syntax Hoare_Tac
begin
type_synonym 'a bexp = "'a set
"
type_synonym 'a assn = "'a set
"
type_synonym 'a var = "'a
==> nat
"
datatype 'a com =
Basic
"'a \ 'a"
| Abort
| Seq
"'a com" "'a com"
| Cond
"'a bexp" "'a com" "'a com"
| While
"'a bexp" "'a com"
abbreviation annskip (
‹SKIP
›)
where "SKIP == Basic id"
type_synonym 'a sem = "'a option =>
'a option => bool"
inductive Sem ::
"'a com \ 'a sem"
where
"Sem (Basic f) None None"
|
"Sem (Basic f) (Some s) (Some (f s))"
|
"Sem Abort s None"
|
"Sem c1 s s'' \ Sem c2 s'' s' \ Sem (Seq c1 c2) s s'"
|
"Sem (Cond b c1 c2) None None"
|
"s \ b \ Sem c1 (Some s) s' \ Sem (Cond b c1 c2) (Some s) s'"
|
"s \ b \ Sem c2 (Some s) s' \ Sem (Cond b c1 c2) (Some s) s'"
|
"Sem (While b c) None None"
|
"s \ b \ Sem (While b c) (Some s) (Some s)"
|
"s \ b \ Sem c (Some s) s'' \ Sem (While b c) s'' s' \
Sem (While b c) (Some s) s
'"
inductive_cases [elim!]:
"Sem (Basic f) s s'" "Sem (Seq c1 c2) s s'"
"Sem (Cond b c1 c2) s s'"
lemma Sem_deterministic:
assumes "Sem c s s1"
and "Sem c s s2"
shows "s1 = s2"
proof -
have "Sem c s s1 \ (\s2. Sem c s s2 \ s1 = s2)"
by (induct rule: Sem.induct) (subst Sem.simps, blast)+
thus ?thesis
using assms
by simp
qed
definition Valid ::
"'a bexp \ 'a com \ 'a anno \ 'a bexp \ bool"
where "Valid p c a q \ \s s'. Sem c s s' \ s \ Some ` p \ s' \ Some ` q"
definition ValidTC ::
"'a bexp \ 'a com \ 'a anno \ 'a bexp \ bool"
where "ValidTC p c a q \ \s . s \ p \ (\t . Sem c (Some s) (Some t) \ t \ q)"
lemma tc_implies_pc:
"ValidTC p c a q \ Valid p c a q"
by (smt (verit) Sem_deterministic ValidTC_def Valid_def image_iff)
lemma tc_extract_function:
"ValidTC p c a q \ \f . \s . s \ p \ f s \ q"
by (meson ValidTC_def)
text ‹The
proof rules
for partial correctness
›
lemma SkipRule:
"p \ q \ Valid p (Basic id) a q"
by (auto simp:Valid_def)
lemma BasicRule:
"p \ {s. f s \ q} \ Valid p (Basic f) a q"
by (auto simp:Valid_def)
lemma SeqRule:
"Valid P c1 a1 Q \ Valid Q c2 a2 R \ Valid P (Seq c1 c2) (Aseq a1 a2) R"
by (auto simp:Valid_def)
lemma CondRule:
"p \ {s. (s \ b \ s \ w) \ (s \ b \ s \ w')}
==> Valid w c1 a1 q
==> Valid w
' c2 a2 q \ Valid p (Cond b c1 c2) (Acond a1 a2) q"
by (fastforce simp:Valid_def image_def)
lemma While_aux:
assumes "Sem (While b c) s s'"
shows "\s s'. Sem c s s' \ s \ Some ` (I \ b) \ s' \ Some ` I \
s
∈ Some ` I
==> s
' \ Some ` (I \ -b)"
using assms
by (induct
"While b c" s s
') auto
lemma WhileRule:
"p \ i \ Valid (i \ b) c (A 0) i \ i \ (-b) \ q \ Valid p (While b c) (Awhile i v A) q"
apply (clarsimp simp:Valid_def)
apply(drule While_aux)
apply assumption
apply blast
apply blast
done
lemma AbortRule:
"p \ {s. False} \ Valid p Abort a q"
by(auto simp:Valid_def)
text ‹The
proof rules
for total correctness
›
lemma SkipRuleTC:
assumes "p \ q"
shows "ValidTC p (Basic id) a q"
by (metis Sem.
intros(2) ValidTC_def assms id_def subsetD)
lemma BasicRuleTC:
assumes "p \ {s. f s \ q}"
shows "ValidTC p (Basic f) a q"
by (metis Ball_Collect Sem.
intros(2) ValidTC_def assms)
lemma SeqRuleTC:
assumes "ValidTC p c1 a1 q"
and "ValidTC q c2 a2 r"
shows "ValidTC p (Seq c1 c2) (Aseq a1 a2) r"
by (meson assms Sem.
intros(4) ValidTC_def)
lemma CondRuleTC:
assumes "p \ {s. (s \ b \ s \ w) \ (s \ b \ s \ w')}"
and "ValidTC w c1 a1 q"
and "ValidTC w' c2 a2 q"
shows "ValidTC p (Cond b c1 c2) (Acons a1 a2) q"
proof (unfold ValidTC_def, rule allI)
fix s
show "s \ p \ (\t . Sem (Cond b c1 c2) (Some s) (Some t) \ t \ q)"
apply (cases
"s \ b")
apply (metis (mono_tags, lifting) Ball_Collect Sem.
intros(6) ValidTC_def assms(1,2))
by (metis (mono_tags, lifting) Ball_Collect Sem.
intros(7) ValidTC_def assms(1,3))
qed
lemma WhileRuleTC:
assumes "p \ i"
and "\n::nat . ValidTC (i \ b \ {s . v s = n}) c (A n) (i \ {s . v s < n})"
and "i \ uminus b \ q"
shows "ValidTC p (While b c) (Awhile i v A) q"
proof -
have "s \ i \ v s = n \ (\t . Sem (While b c) (Some s) (Some t) \ t \ q)" for s n
proof (
induction "n" arbitrary: s rule: less_induct)
fix n :: nat
fix s ::
'a
assume 1:
"\(m::nat) s::'a . m < n \ s \ i \ v s = m \ (\t . Sem (While b c) (Some s) (Some t) \ t \ q)"
show "s \ i \ v s = n \ (\t . Sem (While b c) (Some s) (Some t) \ t \ q)"
proof (rule impI, cases
"s \ b")
assume 2:
"s \ b" and "s \ i \ v s = n"
hence "s \ i \ b \ {s . v s = n}"
using assms(1)
by auto
hence "\t . Sem c (Some s) (Some t) \ t \ i \ {s . v s < n}"
by (metis assms(2) ValidTC_def)
from this
obtain t
where 3:
"Sem c (Some s) (Some t) \ t \ i \ {s . v s < n}"
by auto
hence "\u . Sem (While b c) (Some t) (Some u) \ u \ q"
using 1
by auto
thus "\t . Sem (While b c) (Some s) (Some t) \ t \ q"
using 2 3 Sem.
intros(10)
by force
next
assume "s \ b" and "s \ i \ v s = n"
thus "\t . Sem (While b c) (Some s) (Some t) \ t \ q"
using Sem.
intros(9) assms(3)
by fastforce
qed
qed
thus ?thesis
using assms(1) ValidTC_def
by force
qed
subsection ‹Concrete
syntax›
setup ‹
Hoare_Syntax.
setup
{Basic =
🍋‹Basic
›,
Skip =
🍋‹annskip
›,
Seq =
🍋‹Seq
›,
Cond =
🍋‹Cond
›,
While =
🍋‹While
›,
Valid =
🍋‹Valid
›,
ValidTC =
🍋‹ValidTC
›}
›
🍋 ‹Special
syntax for guarded statements
and guarded array updates:
›
syntax
"_guarded_com" ::
"bool \ 'a com \ 'a com"
(
‹(
‹indent=2
notation=
‹mixfix Hoare guarded statement
››_
→/ _)
› 71)
"_array_update" ::
"'a list \ nat \ 'a \ 'a com"
(
‹(
‹indent=2
notation=
‹mixfix Hoare array update
››_[_] :=/ _)
› [70, 65] 61)
translations
"P \ c" ⇌ "IF P THEN c ELSE CONST Abort FI"
"a[i] := v" ⇀ "(i < CONST length a) \ (a := CONST list_update a i v)"
🍋 ‹reverse translation not possible because of duplicate
‹a
››
text ‹
Note: there
is no special
syntax for guarded array access.
Thus
you must write
‹j < length a
→ a[i] := a!j
›.
›
subsection ‹Proof methods: VCG
›
declare BasicRule [Hoare_Tac.BasicRule]
and SkipRule [Hoare_Tac.SkipRule]
and AbortRule [Hoare_Tac.AbortRule]
and SeqRule [Hoare_Tac.SeqRule]
and CondRule [Hoare_Tac.CondRule]
and WhileRule [Hoare_Tac.WhileRule]
declare BasicRuleTC [Hoare_Tac.BasicRuleTC]
and SkipRuleTC [Hoare_Tac.SkipRuleTC]
and SeqRuleTC [Hoare_Tac.SeqRuleTC]
and CondRuleTC [Hoare_Tac.CondRuleTC]
and WhileRuleTC [Hoare_Tac.WhileRuleTC]
method_setup vcg =
‹
Scan.succeed (fn ctxt => SIMPLE_METHOD
' (Hoare_Tac.hoare_tac ctxt (K all_tac)))\
"verification condition generator"
method_setup vcg_simp =
‹
Scan.succeed (fn ctxt =>
SIMPLE_METHOD
' (Hoare_Tac.hoare_tac ctxt (asm_full_simp_tac ctxt)))\
"verification condition generator plus simplification"
method_setup vcg_tc =
‹
Scan.succeed (fn ctxt => SIMPLE_METHOD
' (Hoare_Tac.hoare_tc_tac ctxt (K all_tac)))\
"verification condition generator"
method_setup vcg_tc_simp =
‹
Scan.succeed (fn ctxt =>
SIMPLE_METHOD
' (Hoare_Tac.hoare_tc_tac ctxt (asm_full_simp_tac ctxt)))\
"verification condition generator plus simplification"
end