text\<open>We need to collect the variables in both arithmetic and boolean
expressions. For a change we do not introduce two functions, e.g.\ \<open>avars\<close> and \<open>bvars\<close>, but we overload the name \<open>vars\<close>
via a \emph{type class}, a device that originated with Haskell:\<close>
class vars = fixes vars :: "'a \ vname set"
text\<open>This defines a type class ``vars'' with a single function of (coincidentally) the same name. Then we define two separated
instances of the class, one for\<^typ>\<open>aexp\<close> and one for \<^typ>\<open>bexp\<close>:\<close>
instantiation aexp :: vars begin
fun vars_aexp :: "aexp \ vname set" where "vars (N n) = {}" | "vars (V x) = {x}" | "vars (Plus a\<^sub>1 a\<^sub>2) = vars a\<^sub>1 \ vars a\<^sub>2"
instance ..
end
value"vars (Plus (V ''x'') (V ''y''))"
instantiation bexp :: vars begin
fun vars_bexp :: "bexp \ vname set" where "vars (Bc v) = {}" | "vars (Not b) = vars b" | "vars (And b\<^sub>1 b\<^sub>2) = vars b\<^sub>1 \ vars b\<^sub>2" | "vars (Less a\<^sub>1 a\<^sub>2) = vars a\<^sub>1 \ vars a\<^sub>2"
instance ..
end
value"vars (Less (Plus (V ''z'') (V ''y'')) (V ''x''))"
abbreviation
eq_on :: "('a \ 'b) \ ('a \ 'b) \ 'a set \ bool"
(\<open>(_ =/ _/ on _)\<close> [50,0,50] 50) where "f = g on X == \ x \ X. f x = g x"
lemma aval_eq_if_eq_on_vars[simp]: "s\<^sub>1 = s\<^sub>2 on vars a \ aval a s\<^sub>1 = aval a s\<^sub>2" apply(induction a) apply simp_all done
lemma bval_eq_if_eq_on_vars: "s\<^sub>1 = s\<^sub>2 on vars b \ bval b s\<^sub>1 = bval b s\<^sub>2" proof(induction b) case (Less a1 a2) hence"aval a1 s\<^sub>1 = aval a1 s\<^sub>2" and "aval a2 s\<^sub>1 = aval a2 s\<^sub>2" by simp_all thus ?caseby simp qed simp_all
fun lvars :: "com \ vname set" where "lvars SKIP = {}" | "lvars (x::=e) = {x}" | "lvars (c1;;c2) = lvars c1 \ lvars c2" | "lvars (IF b THEN c1 ELSE c2) = lvars c1 \ lvars c2" | "lvars (WHILE b DO c) = lvars c"
fun rvars :: "com \ vname set" where "rvars SKIP = {}" | "rvars (x::=e) = vars e" | "rvars (c1;;c2) = rvars c1 \ rvars c2" | "rvars (IF b THEN c1 ELSE c2) = vars b \ rvars c1 \ rvars c2" | "rvars (WHILE b DO c) = vars b \ rvars c"
instantiation com :: vars begin
definition"vars_com c = lvars c \ rvars c"
instance ..
end
lemma vars_com_simps[simp]: "vars SKIP = {}" "vars (x::=e) = {x} \ vars e" "vars (c1;;c2) = vars c1 \ vars c2" "vars (IF b THEN c1 ELSE c2) = vars b \ vars c1 \ vars c2" "vars (WHILE b DO c) = vars b \ vars c" by(auto simp: vars_com_def)
lemma finite_avars[simp]: "finite(vars(a::aexp))" by(induction a) simp_all
lemma finite_bvars[simp]: "finite(vars(b::bexp))" by(induction b) simp_all
lemma finite_lvars[simp]: "finite(lvars(c))" by(induction c) simp_all
lemma finite_rvars[simp]: "finite(rvars(c))" by(induction c) simp_all
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