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Quelle Overview.thy Sprache: Isabelle |
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(* Title: HOL/Imperative_HOL/Overview.thy Author: Florian Haftmann, TU Muenchen *) (*<*) theory Overview imports Imperative_HOL "HOL-Library.LaTeXsugar" begin unbundle constrain_space_syntax (*>*) text ‹ ‹Imperative HOL› is a lightweight framework for reasoning about imperative data structures in ‹Isabelle/HOL› cite‹"Nipkow-et-al:2002:tutorial"›. Its basic ideas are described in cite‹"Bulwahn-et-al:2008:imp_HOL"›. However their concrete realisation has changed since, due to both extensions and refinements. Therefore this overview wants to present the framework \qt{as it is} by now. It focusses on the user-view, less on matters of construction. For details study of the theory sources is encouraged. › section ‹A polymorphic heap inside a monad› text ‹ Heaps (🚫‹heap›) can be populated by values of class 🚫‹heap›; HOL's default typ already instantiated to class 🚫‹heap›. Class 🚫‹heap› is a subclass of 🚫‹coun see theory ‹Countable› for ways to instantiate types as 🚫‹countable›. The heap is wrapped up in a monad typ‹'a Heap› by means of the following specification: \begin{quote} 🚫‹Heap› \end{quote} Unwrapping of this monad type happens through \begin{quote} 🚫‹execute› \\ @{thm execute.simps [no_vars]} \end{quote} This allows for equational reasoning about monadic expressions; the fact collection ‹execute_simps› contains appropriate rewrites for all fundamental operations. Primitive fine-granular control over heaps is available through rule ‹Heap_cases›: \begin{quote} @{thm [break] Heap_cases [no_vars]} \end{quote} Monadic expression involve the usual combinators: \begin{quote} 🚫‹return› \\ 🚫‹bind› \\ 🚫‹raise› \end{quote} This is also associated with nice monad do-syntax. The typ‹string› argument to just a codified comment. Among a couple of generic combinators the following is helpful for establishing invariants: \begin{quote} 🚫‹assert› \\ @{thm assert_def [no_vars]} \end{quote} section ‹Relational reasoning about 🚫‹Heap› expressions› text ‹ To establish correctness of imperative programs, predicate \begin{quote} 🚫‹effect› \end{quote} provides a simple relational calculus. Primitive rules are ‹effectI› and ‹effec appropriate for reasoning about imperative operations are available in the ‹effe ‹effect_elims› fact collections. Often non-failure of imperative computations does not depend on the heap at all; reasoning then can be easier using predicate \begin{quote} 🚫‹success› \end{quote} Introduction rules for const‹success› are available in the ‹success_intro› fact collection. const‹execute›, const‹effect›, const‹success› and const‹bind› are related by rules ‹execute_bind_success›, ‹success_bind_executeI›, ‹success_b ‹effect_bindI›, ‹effect_bindE› and ‹execute_bind_eq_SomeI›. › section ‹Monadic data structures› text ‹ The operations for monadic data structures (arrays and references) come in two flavours: \begin{itemize} \item Operations on the bare heap; their number is kept minimal to facilitate proving. \item Operations on the heap wrapped up in a monad; these are designed for executing. \end{itemize} Provided proof rules are such that they reduce monad operations to operations on bare heaps. Note that HOL equality coincides with reference equality and may be used as primitive executable operation. › subsection ‹Arrays› text ‹ Heap operations: \begin{quote} 🚫‹Array.alloc› \\ 🚫‹Array.present› \\ 🚫‹Array.get› \\ 🚫‹Array.set› \\ 🚫‹Array.length› \\ 🚫‹Array.update› \\ 🚫‹Array.noteq› \end{quote} Monad operations: \begin{quote} 🚫‹Array.new› \\ 🚫‹Array.of_list› \\ 🚫‹Array.make› \\ 🚫‹Array.len› \\ 🚫‹Array.nth› \\ 🚫‹Array.upd› \\ 🚫‹Array.map_entry› \\ 🚫‹Array.swap› \\ 🚫‹Array.freeze› \end{quote} › subsection ‹References› text ‹ Heap operations: \begin{quote} 🚫‹Ref.alloc› \\ 🚫‹Ref.present› \\ 🚫‹Ref.get› \\ 🚫‹Ref.set› \\ 🚫‹Ref.noteq› \end{quote} Monad operations: \begin{quote} 🚫‹Ref.ref› \\ 🚫‹Ref.lookup› \\ 🚫‹Ref.update› \\ 🚫‹Ref.change› \end{quote} › section ‹Code generation› text ‹ Imperative HOL sets up the code generator in a way that imperative operations are mapped to suitable counterparts in the target language. For ‹Haskell›, a suitable ‹ST› monad is used; for ‹SML›, ‹Ocaml› and ‹Scala› unit values ensure that the evaluation order is the same as you would expect from the original monadic expressions. These units may look cumbersome; the target language variants ‹SML_imp›, ‹Ocaml_imp› and ‹Scala_imp› make some effort to optimize some of them away. › section ‹Some hints for using the framework› text ‹ Of course a framework itself does not by itself indicate how to make best use of it. Here some hints drawn from prior experiences with Imperative HOL: \begin{itemize} \item Proofs on bare heaps should be strictly separated from those for monadic expressions. The first capture the essence, while the latter just describe a certain wrapping-up. \item A good methodology is to gradually improve an imperative program from a functional one. In the extreme case this means that an original functional program is decomposed into suitable operations with exactly one corresponding imperative operation. Having shown suitable correspondence lemmas between those, the correctness prove of the whole imperative program simply consists of composing those. \item Whether one should prefer equational reasoning (fact collection ‹execute_simps› or relational reasoning (fact collections ‹effect_intros› and ‹effect_elims›) depends on the problems to solve. For complex expressions or expressions involving binders, the relation style is usually superior but requires more proof text. \item Note that you can extend the fact collections of Imperative HOL yourself whenever appropriate. \end{itemize} › end
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2026-10-10