(* Title: HOL/Nonstandard_Analysis/NatStar.thy Author: Jacques D. Fleuriot Copyright: 1998 University of Cambridge Converted to Isar and polished by lcp *)
section‹Star-transforms for the Hypernaturals›
theory NatStar imports Star begin
lemma star_n_eq_starfun_whn: "star_n X = ( *f* X) whn" by (simp add: hypnat_omega_def starfun_def star_of_def Ifun_star_n)
lemma starset_n_Un: "*sn* (λn. (A n) ∪ (B n)) = *sn* A ∪ *sn* B" proof - have"∧N. Iset ((*f* (λn. {x. x ∈ A n ∨ x ∈ B n})) N) = {x. x ∈ Iset ((*f* A) N) ∨ x ∈ Iset ((*f* B) N)}" by transfer simp thenshow ?thesis by (simp add: starset_n_def star_n_eq_starfun_whn Un_def) qed
lemma InternalSets_Un: "X ∈ InternalSets ==> Y ∈ InternalSets ==> X ∪ Y ∈ InternalSets" by (auto simp add: InternalSets_def starset_n_Un [symmetric])
lemma starset_n_Int: "*sn* (λn. A n ∩ B n) = *sn* A ∩ *sn* B" proof - have"∧N. Iset ((*f* (λn. {x. x ∈ A n ∧ x ∈ B n})) N) = {x. x ∈ Iset ((*f* A) N) ∧ x ∈ Iset ((*f* B) N)}" by transfer simp thenshow ?thesis by (simp add: starset_n_def star_n_eq_starfun_whn Int_def) qed
lemma InternalSets_Int: "X ∈ InternalSets ==> Y ∈ InternalSets ==> X ∩ Y ∈ InternalSets" by (auto simp add: InternalSets_def starset_n_Int [symmetric])
lemma starset_n_Compl: "*sn* ((λn. - A n)) = - ( *sn* A)" proof - have"∧N. Iset ((*f* (λn. {x. x ∉ A n})) N) = {x. x ∉ Iset ((*f* A) N)}" by transfer simp thenshow ?thesis by (simp add: starset_n_def star_n_eq_starfun_whn Compl_eq) qed
lemma InternalSets_Compl: "X ∈ InternalSets ==> - X ∈ InternalSets" by (auto simp add: InternalSets_def starset_n_Compl [symmetric])
lemma starset_n_diff: "*sn* (λn. (A n) - (B n)) = *sn* A - *sn* B" proof - have"∧N. Iset ((*f* (λn. {x. x ∈ A n ∧ x ∉ B n})) N) = {x. x ∈ Iset ((*f* A) N) ∧ x ∉ Iset ((*f* B) N)}" by transfer simp thenshow ?thesis by (simp add: starset_n_def star_n_eq_starfun_whn set_diff_eq) qed
lemma InternalSets_diff: "X ∈ InternalSets ==> Y ∈ InternalSets ==> X - Y ∈ InternalSets" by (auto simp add: InternalSets_def starset_n_diff [symmetric])
lemma NatStar_SHNat_subset: "Nats ≤ *s* (UNIV:: nat set)" by simp
lemma NatStar_hypreal_of_real_Int: "*s* X Int Nats = hypnat_of_nat ` X" by (auto simp add: SHNat_eq)
lemma starset_starset_n_eq: "*s* X = *sn* (λn. X)" by (simp add: starset_n_starset)
lemma InternalSets_UNIV_diff: "X ∈ InternalSets ==> UNIV - X ∈ InternalSets" by (simp add: InternalSets_Compl diff_eq)
subsection‹Nonstandard Extensions of Functions›
text‹Example of transfer of a property from reals to hyperreals --- used for limit comparison of sequences.›
lemma starfun_le_mono: "∀n. N ≤ n ⟶ f n ≤ g n ==> ∀n. hypnat_of_nat N ≤ n ⟶ ( *f* f) n ≤ ( *f* g) n" by transfer
text‹And another:› lemma starfun_less_mono: "∀n. N ≤ n ⟶ f n < g n ==>∀n. hypnat_of_nat N ≤ n ⟶ ( *f* f) n < ( *f* g) n" by transfer
text‹Nonstandard extension when we increment the argument by one.›
lemma starfun_shift_one: "∧N. ( *f* (λn. f (Suc n))) N = ( *f* f) (N + (1::hypnat))" by transfer simp
text‹Nonstandard extension with absolute value.› lemma starfun_abs: "∧N. ( *f* (λn. ∣f n∣)) N = ∣( *f* f) N∣" by transfer (rule refl)
text‹The ‹hyperpow›function as a nonstandard extension of ‹realpow›.› lemma starfun_pow: "∧N. ( *f* (λn. r ^ n)) N = hypreal_of_real r pow N" by transfer (rule refl)
lemma starfun_pow2: "∧N. ( *f* (λn. X n ^ m)) N = ( *f* X) N pow hypnat_of_nat m" by transfer (rule refl)
lemma starfun_pow3: "∧R. ( *f* (λr. r ^ n)) R = R pow hypnat_of_nat n" by transfer (rule refl)
text‹The 🍋‹hypreal_of_hypnat›function as a nonstandard extension of 🍋‹real_of_nat›.› lemma starfunNat_real_of_nat: "( *f* real) = hypreal_of_hypnat" by transfer (simp add: fun_eq_iff)
lemma starfun_n_eq [simp]: "( *fn* f) (star_of n) = star_n (λi. f i n)" by (simp add: starfun_n star_of_def)
lemma starfun_eq_iff: "(( *f* f) = ( *f* g)) ⟷ f = g" by transfer (rule refl)
lemma starfunNat_inverse_real_of_nat_Infinitesimal [simp]: "N ∈ HNatInfinite ==> ( *f* (λx. inverse (real x))) N ∈ Infinitesimal" using starfun_inverse_real_of_nat_eq by auto
subsection‹Nonstandard Characterization of Induction›
lemma hypnat_induct_obj: "∧n. (( *p* P) (0::hypnat) ∧ (∀n. ( *p* P) n ⟶ ( *p* P) (n + 1))) ⟶ ( *p* P) n" by transfer (induct_tac n, auto)
lemma hypnat_induct: "∧n. ( *p* P) (0::hypnat) ==> (∧n. ( *p* P) n ==> ( *p* P) (n + 1)) ==> ( *p* P) n" by transfer (induct_tac n, auto)
lemma starP2_eq_iff: "( *p2* (=)) = (=)" by transfer (rule refl)
lemma starP2_eq_iff2: "( *p2* (λx y. x = y)) X Y ⟷ X = Y" by (simp add: starP2_eq_iff)
lemma nonempty_set_star_has_least_lemma: "∃n∈S. ∀m∈S. n ≤ m"if"S ≠ {}"for S :: "nat set" proof show"∀m∈S. (LEAST n. n ∈ S) ≤ m" by (simp add: Least_le) show"(LEAST n. n ∈ S) ∈ S" by (meson that LeastI_ex equals0I) qed
lemma nonempty_set_star_has_least: "∧S::nat set star. Iset S ≠ {} ==>∃n ∈ Iset S. ∀m ∈ Iset S. n ≤ m" using nonempty_set_star_has_least_lemma by (transfer empty_def)
lemma nonempty_InternalNatSet_has_least: "S ∈ InternalSets ==> S ≠ {} ==>∃n ∈ S. ∀m ∈ S. n ≤ m" for S :: "hypnat set" by (force simp add: InternalSets_def starset_n_def dest!: nonempty_set_star_has_least)
text‹Goldblatt, page 129 Thm 11.3.2.› lemma internal_induct_lemma: "∧X::nat set star. (0::hypnat) ∈ Iset X ==>∀n. n ∈ Iset X ⟶ n + 1 ∈ Iset X ==> Iset X = (UNIV:: hypnat set)" apply (transfer UNIV_def) apply (rule equalityI [OF subset_UNIV subsetI]) apply (induct_tac x, auto) done
lemma internal_induct: "X ∈ InternalSets ==> (0::hypnat) ∈ X ==>∀n. n ∈ X ⟶ n + 1 ∈ X ==> X = (UNIV:: hypnat set)" apply (clarsimp simp add: InternalSets_def starset_n_def) apply (erule (1) internal_induct_lemma) done
end
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