Quelle tts.md
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---
summary: "Text-to-speech (TTS) for outbound replies"
read_when:
- Enabling text-to-speech for replies
- Configuring TTS providers or limits
- Using /tts commands
title: "Text-to-speech"
---
OpenClaw can convert outbound replies into audio using ElevenLabs, Google Gemini, Gradium, M icrosoft, MiniMax, OpenAI, Vydra, or xAI.
It works anywhere OpenClaw can send audio.
## Supported services
- **ElevenLabs** (primary or fallback provider)
- **Google Gemini** (primary or fallback provider; uses Gemini API TTS)
- **Gradium** (primary or fallback provider; supports voice-note and telephony output)
- **Microsoft** (primary or fallback provider; current bundled implementation uses `node-edge-tts`)
- **MiniMax** (primary or fallback provider; uses the T2A v2 API)
- **OpenAI** (primary or fallback provider; also used for summaries)
- **Vydra** (primary or fallback provider; shared image, video, and speech provider)
- **xAI** (primary or fallback provider; uses the xAI TTS API)
### Microsoft speech notes
The bundled Microsoft speech provider currently uses Microsoft Edge's online
neural TTS service via the `node-edge-tts` library. It's a hosted service (not
local), uses Microsoft endpoints, and does not require an API key.
`node-edge-tts` exposes speech configuration options and output formats, but
not all options are supported by the service. Legacy config and directive input
using `edge` still works and is normalized to `microsoft`.
Because this path is a public web service without a published SLA or quota,
treat it as best-effort. If you need guaranteed limits and support, use OpenAI
or ElevenLabs.
## Optional keys
If you want OpenAI, ElevenLabs, Google Gemini, Gradium, MiniMax, Vydra, or xAI:
- `ELEVENLABS_API_KEY` (or `XI_API_KEY`)
- `GEMINI_API_KEY` (or `GOOGLE_API_KEY`)
- `GRADIUM_API_KEY`
- `MINIMAX_API_KEY`
- `OPENAI_API_KEY`
- `VYDRA_API_KEY`
- `XAI_API_KEY`
Microsoft speech does **not** require an API key.
If multiple providers are configured, the selected provider is used first and the others are fallback options.
Auto-summary uses the configured `summaryModel` (or `agents.defaults.model.primary`),
so that provider must also be authenticated if you enable summaries.
## Service links
- [OpenAI Text-to-Speech guide](https://platform.openai.com/docs/guides/text-to-speech)
- [OpenAI Audio API reference](https://platform.openai.com/docs/api-reference/audio)
- [ElevenLabs Text to Speech](https://elevenlabs.io/docs/api-reference/text-to-speech)
- [ElevenLabs Authentication](https://elevenlabs.io/docs/api-reference/authentication)
- [Gradium](/providers/gradium)
- [MiniMax T2A v2 API](https://platform.minimaxi.com/document/T2A%20V2)
- [node-edge-tts](https://github.com/SchneeHertz/node-edge-tts)
- [Microsoft Speech output formats](https://learn.microsoft.com/azure/ai-services/speech-service/rest-text-to-speech#audio-outputs)
- [xAI Text to Speech](https://docs.x.ai/developers/rest-api-reference/inference/voice#text-to-speech-rest)
## Is it enabled by default?
No. Auto‑TTS is **off** by default. Enable it in config with
`messages.tts.auto` or locally with `/tts on`.
When `messages.tts.provider` is unset, OpenClaw picks the first configured
speech provider in registry auto-select order.
## Config
TTS config lives under `messages.tts` in `openclaw.json`.
Full schema is in [Gateway configuration](/gateway/configuration).
### Minimal config (enable + provider)
```json5
{
messages: {
tts: {
auto: "always",
provider: "elevenlabs",
},
},
}
```
### OpenAI primary with ElevenLabs fallback
```json5
{
messages: {
tts: {
auto: "always",
provider: "openai",
summaryModel: "openai/gpt-4.1-mini",
modelOverrides: {
enabled: true,
},
providers: {
openai: {
apiKey: "openai_api_key",
baseUrl: "https://api.openai.com/v1",
model: "gpt-4o-mini-tts",
voice: "alloy",
},
elevenlabs: {
apiKey: "elevenlabs_api_key",
baseUrl: "https://api.elevenlabs.io",
voiceId: "voice_id",
modelId: "eleven_multilingual_v2",
seed: 42,
applyTextNormalization: "auto",
languageCode: "en",
voiceSettings: {
stability: 0.5,
similarityBoost: 0.75,
style: 0.0,
useSpeakerBoost: true,
speed: 1.0,
},
},
},
},
},
}
```
### Microsoft primary (no API key)
```json5
{
messages: {
tts: {
auto: "always",
provider: "microsoft",
providers: {
microsoft: {
enabled: true,
voice: "en-US-MichelleNeural",
lang: "en-US",
outputFormat: "audio-24khz-48kbitrate-mono-mp3",
rate: "+10%",
pitch: "-5%",
},
},
},
},
}
```
### MiniMax primary
```json5
{
messages: {
tts: {
auto: "always",
provider: "minimax",
providers: {
minimax: {
apiKey: "minimax_api_key",
baseUrl: "https://api.minimax.io",
model: "speech-2.8-hd",
voiceId: "English_expressive_narrator",
speed: 1.0,
vol: 1.0,
pitch: 0,
},
},
},
},
}
```
### Google Gemini primary
```json5
{
messages: {
tts: {
auto: "always",
provider: "google",
providers: {
google: {
apiKey: "gemini_api_key",
model: "gemini-3.1-flash-tts-preview",
voiceName: "Kore",
},
},
},
},
}
```
Google Gemini TTS uses the Gemini API key path. A Google Cloud Console API key
restricted to the Gemini API is valid here, and it is the same style of key used
by the bundled Google image-generation provider. Resolution order is
`messages.tts.providers.google.apiKey` -> `models.providers.google.apiKey` ->
`GEMINI_API_KEY` -> `GOOGLE_API_KEY`.
### xAI primary
```json5
{
messages: {
tts: {
auto: "always",
provider: "xai",
providers: {
xai: {
apiKey: "xai_api_key",
voiceId: "eve",
language: "en",
responseFormat: "mp3",
speed: 1.0,
},
},
},
},
}
```
xAI TTS uses the same `XAI_API_KEY` path as the bundled Grok model provider.
Resolution order is `messages.tts.providers.xai.apiKey` -> `XAI_API_KEY`.
Current live voices are `ara`, `eve`, `leo`, `rex`, `sal`, and `una`; `eve` is
the default. `language` accepts a BCP-47 tag or `auto`.
### OpenRouter primary
```json5
{
messages: {
tts: {
auto: "always",
provider: "openrouter",
providers: {
openrouter: {
apiKey: "openrouter_api_key",
model: "hexgrad/kokoro-82m",
voice: "af_alloy",
responseFormat: "mp3",
},
},
},
},
}
```
OpenRouter TTS uses the same `OPENROUTER_API_KEY` path as the bundled
OpenRouter model provider. Resolution order is
`messages.tts.providers.openrouter.apiKey` ->
`models.providers.openrouter.apiKey` -> `OPENROUTER_API_KEY`.
### Gradium primary
```json5
{
messages: {
tts: {
auto: "always",
provider: "gradium",
providers: {
gradium: {
apiKey: "gradium_api_key",
baseUrl: "https://api.gradium.ai",
voiceId: "YTpq7expH9539ERJ",
},
},
},
},
}
```
### Disable Microsoft speech
```json5
{
messages: {
tts: {
providers: {
microsoft: {
enabled: false,
},
},
},
},
}
```
### Custom limits + prefs path
```json5
{
messages: {
tts: {
auto: "always",
maxTextLength: 4000,
timeoutMs: 30000,
prefsPath: "~/.openclaw/settings/tts.json",
},
},
}
```
### Only reply with audio after an inbound voice message
```json5
{
messages: {
tts: {
auto: "inbound",
},
},
}
```
### Disable auto-summary for long replies
```json5
{
messages: {
tts: {
auto: "always",
},
},
}
```
Then run:
```
/tts summary off
```
### Notes on fields
- `auto`: auto‑TTS mode (`off`, `always`, `inbound`, `tagged`).
- `inbound` only sends audio after an inbound voice message.
- `tagged` only sends audio when the reply includes `[[tts:key=value]]` directives or a `[[tts:text]]...[[/tts:text]]` block.
- `enabled`: legacy toggle (doctor migrates this to `auto`).
- `mode`: `"final"` (default) or `"all"` (includes tool/block replies).
- `provider`: speech provider id such as `"elevenlabs"`, `"google"`, `"gradium"`, `"microsoft"`, `"minimax"`, `"openai"`, `"vydra"`, or `"xai"` (fallback is automatic).
- If `provider` is **unset**, OpenClaw uses the first configured speech provider in registry auto-select order.
- Legacy `provider: "edge"` config is repaired by `openclaw doctor --fix` and
rewritten to `provider: "microsoft"`.
- `summaryModel`: optional cheap model for auto-summary; defaults to `agents.defaults.model.primary`.
- Accepts `provider/model` or a configured model alias.
- `modelOverrides`: allow the model to emit TTS directives (on by default).
- `allowProvider` defaults to `false` (provider switching is opt-in).
- `providers.<id>`: provider-owned settings keyed by speech provider id.
- Legacy direct provider blocks (`messages.tts.openai`, `messages.tts.elevenlabs`, `messages.tts.microsoft`, `messages.tts.edge`) are repaired by `openclaw doctor --fix`; committed config should use `messages.tts.providers.<id>`.
- Legacy `messages.tts.providers.edge` is also repaired by `openclaw doctor --fix`; committed config should use `messages.tts.providers.microsoft`.
- `maxTextLength`: hard cap for TTS input (chars). `/tts audio` fails if exceeded.
- `timeoutMs`: request timeout (ms).
- `prefsPath`: override the local prefs JSON path (provider/limit/summary).
- `apiKey` values fall back to env vars (`ELEVENLABS_API_KEY`/`XI_API_KEY`, `GEMINI_API_KEY`/`GOOGLE_API_KEY`, `GRADIUM_API_KEY`, `MINIMAX_API_KEY`, `OPENAI_API_KEY`, `VYDRA_API_KEY`, `XAI_API_KEY`).
- `providers.elevenlabs.baseUrl`: override ElevenLabs API base URL.
- `providers.openai.baseUrl`: override the OpenAI TTS endpoint.
- Resolution order: `messages.tts.providers.openai.baseUrl` -> `OPENAI_TTS_BASE_URL` -> `https://api.openai.com/v1`
- Non-default values are treated as OpenAI-compatible TTS endpoints, so custom model and voice names are accepted.
- `providers.elevenlabs.voiceSettings`:
- `stability`, `similarityBoost`, `style`: `0..1`
- `useSpeakerBoost`: `true|false`
- `speed`: `0.5..2.0` (1.0 = normal)
- `providers.elevenlabs.applyTextNormalization`: `auto|on|off`
- `providers.elevenlabs.languageCode`: 2-letter ISO 639-1 (e.g. `en`, `de`)
- `providers.elevenlabs.seed`: integer `0..4294967295` (best-effort determinism)
- `providers.minimax.baseUrl`: override MiniMax API base URL (default `https://api.minimax.io`, env: `MINIMAX_API_HOST`).
- `providers.minimax.model`: TTS model (default `speech-2.8-hd`, env: `MINIMAX_TTS_MODEL`).
- `providers.minimax.voiceId`: voice identifier (default `English_expressive_narrator`, env: `MINIMAX_TTS_VOICE_ID`).
- `providers.minimax.speed`: playback speed `0.5..2.0` (default 1.0).
- `providers.minimax.vol`: volume `(0, 10]` (default 1.0; must be greater than 0).
- `providers.minimax.pitch`: integer pitch shift `-12..12` (default 0). Fractional values are truncated before calling MiniMax T2A because the API rejects non-integer pitch values.
- `providers.google.model`: Gemini TTS model (default `gemini-3.1-flash-tts-preview`).
- `providers.google.voiceName`: Gemini prebuilt voice name (default `Kore`; `voice` is also accepted).
- `providers.google.audioProfile`: natural-language style prompt prepended before the spoken text.
- `providers.google.speakerName`: optional speaker label prepended before the spoken text when your TTS prompt uses a named speaker.
- `providers.google.baseUrl`: override the Gemini API base URL. Only `https://generativelanguage.googleapis.com` is accepted.
- If `messages.tts.providers.google.apiKey` is omitted, TTS can reuse `models.providers.google.apiKey` before env fallback.
- `providers.gradium.baseUrl`: override Gradium API base URL (default `https://api.gradium.ai`).
- `providers.gradium.voiceId`: Gradium voice identifier (default Emma, `YTpq7expH9539ERJ`).
- `providers.xai.apiKey`: xAI TTS API key (env: `XAI_API_KEY`).
- `providers.xai.baseUrl`: override the xAI TTS base URL (default `https://api.x.ai/v1`, env: `XAI_BASE_URL`).
- `providers.xai.voiceId`: xAI voice id (default `eve`; current live voices: `ara`, `eve`, `leo`, `rex`, `sal`, `una`).
- `providers.xai.language`: BCP-47 language code or `auto` (default `en`).
- `providers.xai.responseFormat`: `mp3`, `wav`, `pcm`, `mulaw`, or `alaw` (default `mp3`).
- `providers.xai.speed`: provider-native speed override.
- `providers.openrouter.apiKey`: OpenRouter API key (env: `OPENROUTER_API_KEY`; can reuse `models.providers.openrouter.apiKey`).
- `providers.openrouter.baseUrl`: override the OpenRouter TTS base URL (default `https://openrouter.ai/api/v1`; legacy `https://openrouter.ai/v1` is normalized).
- `providers.openrouter.model`: OpenRouter TTS model id (default `hexgrad/kokoro-82m`; `modelId` is also accepted).
- `providers.openrouter.voice`: provider-specific voice id (default `af_alloy`; `voiceId` is also accepted).
- `providers.openrouter.responseFormat`: `mp3` or `pcm` (default `mp3`).
- `providers.openrouter.speed`: provider-native speed override.
- `providers.microsoft.enabled`: allow Microsoft speech usage (default `true`; no API key).
- `providers.microsoft.voice`: Microsoft neural voice name (e.g. `en-US-MichelleNeural`).
- `providers.microsoft.lang`: language code (e.g. `en-US`).
- `providers.microsoft.outputFormat`: Microsoft output format (e.g. `audio-24khz-48kbitrate-mono-mp3`).
- See Microsoft Speech output formats for valid values; not all formats are supported by the bundled Edge-backed transport.
- `providers.microsoft.rate` / `providers.microsoft.pitch` / `providers.microsoft.volume`: percent strings (e.g. `+10%`, `-5%`).
- `providers.microsoft.saveSubtitles`: write JSON subtitles alongside the audio file.
- `providers.microsoft.proxy`: proxy URL for Microsoft speech requests.
- `providers.microsoft.timeoutMs`: request timeout override (ms).
- `edge.*`: legacy alias for the same Microsoft settings. Run
`openclaw doctor --fix` to rewrite persisted config to `providers.microsoft`.
## Model-driven overrides (default on)
By default, the model **can** emit TTS directives for a single reply.
When `messages.tts.auto` is `tagged`, these directives are required to trigger audio.
When enabled, the model can emit `[[tts:...]]` directives to override the voice
for a single reply, plus an optional `[[tts:text]]...[[/tts:text]]` block to
provide expressive tags (laughter, singing cues, etc) that should only appear in
the audio.
`provider=...` directives are ignored unless `modelOverrides.allowProvider: true`.
Example reply payload:
```
Here you go.
[[tts:voiceId=pMsXgVXv3BLzUgSXRplE model=eleven_v3 speed=1.1]]
[[tts:text]](laughs) Read the song once more.[[/tts:text]]
```
Available directive keys (when enabled):
- `provider` (registered speech provider id, for example `openai`, `elevenlabs`, `google`, `gradium`, `minimax`, `microsoft`, `vydra`, or `xai`; requires `allowProvider: true`)
- `voice` (OpenAI or Gradium voice), `voiceName` / `voice_name` / `google_voice` (Google voice), or `voiceId` (ElevenLabs / Gradium / MiniMax / xAI)
- `model` (OpenAI TTS model, ElevenLabs model id, or MiniMax model) or `google_model` (Google TTS model)
- `stability`, `similarityBoost`, `style`, `speed`, `useSpeakerBoost`
- `vol` / `volume` (MiniMax volume, 0-10)
- `pitch` (MiniMax integer pitch, -12 to 12; fractional values are truncated before the MiniMax request)
- `applyTextNormalization` (`auto|on|off`)
- `languageCode` (ISO 639-1)
- `seed`
Disable all model overrides:
```json5
{
messages: {
tts: {
modelOverrides: {
enabled: false,
},
},
},
}
```
Optional allowlist (enable provider switching while keeping other knobs configurable):
```json5
{
messages: {
tts: {
modelOverrides: {
enabled: true,
allowProvider: true,
allowSeed: false,
},
},
},
}
```
## Per-user preferences
Slash commands write local overrides to `prefsPath` (default:
`~/.openclaw/settings/tts.json`, override with `OPENCLAW_TTS_PREFS` or
`messages.tts.prefsPath`).
Stored fields:
- `enabled`
- `provider`
- `maxLength` (summary threshold; default 1500 chars)
- `summarize` (default `true`)
These override `messages.tts.*` for that host.
## Output formats (fixed)
- **Feishu / Matrix / Telegram / WhatsApp**: Opus voice message (`opus_48000_64` from ElevenLabs, `opus` from OpenAI).
- 48kHz / 64kbps is a good voice message tradeoff.
- **Other channels**: MP3 (`mp3_44100_128` from ElevenLabs, `mp3` from OpenAI).
- 44.1kHz / 128kbps is the default balance for speech clarity.
- **MiniMax**: MP3 (`speech-2.8-hd` model, 32kHz sample rate) for normal audio attachments. For voice-note targets such as Feishu and Telegram, OpenClaw transcodes the MiniMax MP3 to 48kHz Opus with `ffmpeg` before delivery.
- **Google Gemini**: Gemini API TTS returns raw 24kHz PCM. OpenClaw wraps it as WAV for audio attachments and returns PCM directly for Talk/telephony. Native Opus voice-note format is not supported by this path.
- **Gradium**: WAV for audio attachments, Opus for voice-note targets, and `ulaw_8000` at 8 kHz for telephony.
- **xAI**: MP3 by default; `responseFormat` may be `mp3`, `wav`, `pcm`, `mulaw`, or `alaw`. OpenClaw uses xAI's batch REST TTS endpoint and returns a complete audio attachment; xAI's streaming TTS WebSocket is not used by this provider path. Native Opus voice-note format is not supported by this path.
- **Microsoft**: uses `microsoft.outputFormat` (default `audio-24khz-48kbitrate-mono-mp3`).
- The bundled transport accepts an `outputFormat`, but not all formats are available from the service.
- Output format values follow Microsoft Speech output formats (including Ogg/WebM Opus).
- Telegram `sendVoice` accepts OGG/MP3/M4A; use OpenAI/ElevenLabs if you need
guaranteed Opus voice messages.
- If the configured Microsoft output format fails, OpenClaw retries with MP3.
OpenAI/ElevenLabs output formats are fixed per channel (see above).
## Auto-TTS behavior
When enabled, OpenClaw:
- skips TTS if the reply already contains media or a `MEDIA:` directive.
- skips very short replies (< 10 chars).
- summarizes long replies when enabled using `agents.defaults.model.primary` (or `summaryModel`).
- attaches the generated audio to the reply.
If the reply exceeds `maxLength` and summary is off (or no API key for the
summary model), audio
is skipped and the normal text reply is sent.
## Flow diagram
```
Reply -> TTS enabled?
no -> send text
yes -> has media / MEDIA: / short?
yes -> send text
no -> length > limit?
no -> TTS -> attach audio
yes -> summary enabled?
no -> send text
yes -> summarize (summaryModel or agents.defaults.model.primary)
-> TTS -> attach audio
```
## Slash command usage
There is a single command: `/tts`.
See [Slash commands](/tools/slash-commands) for enablement details.
Discord note: `/tts` is a built-in Discord command, so OpenClaw registers
`/voice` as the native command there. Text `/tts ...` still works.
```
/tts off
/tts on
/tts status
/tts provider openai
/tts limit 2000
/tts summary off
/tts audio Hello from OpenClaw
```
Notes:
- Commands require an authorized sender (allowlist/owner rules still apply).
- `commands.text` or native command registration must be enabled.
- Config `messages.tts.auto` accepts `off|always|inbound|tagged`.
- `/tts on` writes the local TTS preference to `always`; `/tts off` writes it to `off`.
- Use config when you want `inbound` or `tagged` defaults.
- `limit` and `summary` are stored in local prefs, not the main config.
- `/tts audio` generates a one-off audio reply (does not toggle TTS on).
- `/tts status` includes fallback visibility for the latest attempt:
- success fallback: `Fallback: <primary> -> <used>` plus `Attempts: ...`
- failure: `Error: ...` plus `Attempts: ...`
- detailed diagnostics: `Attempt details: provider:outcome(reasonCode) latency`
- OpenAI and ElevenLabs API failures now include parsed provider error detail and request id (when returned by the provider), which is surfaced in TTS errors/logs.
## Agent tool
The `tts` tool converts text to speech and returns an audio attachment for
reply delivery. When the channel is Feishu, Matrix, Telegram, or WhatsApp,
the audio is delivered as a voice message rather than a file attachment.
It accepts optional `channel` and `timeoutMs` fields; `timeoutMs` is a
per-call provider request timeout in milliseconds.
## Gateway RPC
Gateway methods:
- `tts.status`
- `tts.enable`
- `tts.disable`
- `tts.convert`
- `tts.setProvider`
- `tts.providers`
## Related
- [Media overview](/tools/media-overview)
- [Music generation](/tools/music-generation)
- [Video generation](/tools/video-generation)
[Dauer der Verarbeitung: 0.26 Sekunden, vorverarbeitet 2026-04-27]
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2026-05-26
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