// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 /* * This file implements KASLR memory randomization for x86_64. It randomizes * the virtual address space of kernel memory regions (physical memory * mapping, vmalloc & vmemmap) for x86_64. This security feature mitigates * exploits relying on predictable kernel addresses. * * Entropy is generated using the KASLR early boot functions now shared in * the lib directory (originally written by Kees Cook). Randomization is * done on PGD & P4D/PUD page table levels to increase possible addresses. * The physical memory mapping code was adapted to support P4D/PUD level * virtual addresses. This implementation on the best configuration provides * 30,000 possible virtual addresses in average for each memory region. * An additional low memory page is used to ensure each CPU can start with * a PGD aligned virtual address (for realmode). * * The order of each memory region is not changed. The feature looks at * the available space for the regions based on different configuration * options and randomizes the base and space between each. The size of the * physical memory mapping is the available physical memory.
*/
/* * The end address could depend on more configuration options to make the * highest amount of space for randomization available, but that's too hard * to keep straight and caused issues already.
*/ staticconstunsignedlong vaddr_end = CPU_ENTRY_AREA_BASE;
/* * Memory regions randomized by KASLR (except modules that use a separate logic * earlier during boot). The list is ordered based on virtual addresses. This * order is kept after randomization.
*/ static __initdata struct kaslr_memory_region { unsignedlong *base; unsignedlong *end; unsignedlong size_tb;
} kaslr_regions[] = {
{
.base = &page_offset_base,
.end = &direct_map_physmem_end,
},
{
.base = &vmalloc_base,
},
{
.base = &vmemmap_base,
},
};
/* * The end of the physical address space that can be mapped directly by the * kernel. This starts out at (1<<MAX_PHYSMEM_BITS) - 1), but KASLR may reduce * that in order to increase the available entropy for mapping other regions.
*/ unsignedlong direct_map_physmem_end __ro_after_init;
/* Get size in bytes used by the memory region */ staticinlineunsignedlong get_padding(struct kaslr_memory_region *region)
{ return (region->size_tb << TB_SHIFT);
}
/* Initialize base and padding for each memory region randomized with KASLR */ void __init kernel_randomize_memory(void)
{
size_t i; unsignedlong vaddr_start, vaddr; unsignedlong rand, memory_tb; struct rnd_state rand_state; unsignedlong remain_entropy; unsignedlong vmemmap_size;
/* * These BUILD_BUG_ON checks ensure the memory layout is consistent * with the vaddr_start/vaddr_end variables. These checks are very * limited....
*/
BUILD_BUG_ON(vaddr_start >= vaddr_end);
BUILD_BUG_ON(vaddr_end != CPU_ENTRY_AREA_BASE);
BUILD_BUG_ON(vaddr_end > __START_KERNEL_map);
/* Preset the end of the possible address space for physical memory */
direct_map_physmem_end = ((1ULL << MAX_PHYSMEM_BITS) - 1); if (!kaslr_memory_enabled()) return;
/* * Update Physical memory mapping to available and * add padding if needed (especially for memory hotplug support).
*/
BUG_ON(kaslr_regions[0].base != &page_offset_base);
memory_tb = DIV_ROUND_UP(max_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT, 1UL << TB_SHIFT) +
CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_MEMORY_PHYSICAL_PADDING;
/* * Adapt physical memory region size based on available memory, * except when CONFIG_PCI_P2PDMA is enabled. P2PDMA exposes the * device BAR space assuming the direct map space is large enough * for creating a ZONE_DEVICE mapping in the direct map corresponding * to the physical BAR address.
*/ if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PCI_P2PDMA) && (memory_tb < kaslr_regions[0].size_tb))
kaslr_regions[0].size_tb = memory_tb;
/* * Calculate the vmemmap region size in TBs, aligned to a TB * boundary.
*/
vmemmap_size = (kaslr_regions[0].size_tb << (TB_SHIFT - PAGE_SHIFT)) * sizeof(struct page);
kaslr_regions[2].size_tb = DIV_ROUND_UP(vmemmap_size, 1UL << TB_SHIFT);
/* Calculate entropy available between regions */
remain_entropy = vaddr_end - vaddr_start; for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(kaslr_regions); i++)
remain_entropy -= get_padding(&kaslr_regions[i]);
for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(kaslr_regions); i++) { unsignedlong entropy;
/* * Select a random virtual address using the extra entropy * available.
*/
entropy = remain_entropy / (ARRAY_SIZE(kaslr_regions) - i);
prandom_bytes_state(&rand_state, &rand, sizeof(rand));
entropy = (rand % (entropy + 1)) & PUD_MASK;
vaddr += entropy;
*kaslr_regions[i].base = vaddr;
/* Calculate the end of the region */
vaddr += get_padding(&kaslr_regions[i]); /* * KASLR trims the maximum possible size of the * direct-map. Update the direct_map_physmem_end boundary. * No rounding required as the region starts * PUD aligned and size is in units of TB.
*/ if (kaslr_regions[i].end)
*kaslr_regions[i].end = __pa_nodebug(vaddr - 1);
/* Add a minimum padding based on randomization alignment. */
vaddr = round_up(vaddr + 1, PUD_SIZE);
remain_entropy -= entropy;
}
}
/* * There are two mappings for the low 1MB area, the direct mapping * and the 1:1 mapping for the real mode trampoline: * * Direct mapping: virt_addr = phys_addr + PAGE_OFFSET * 1:1 mapping: virt_addr = phys_addr
*/
paddr = 0;
vaddr = (unsignedlong)__va(paddr);
pgd = pgd_offset_k(vaddr);
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