// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only /* * binfmt_misc.c * * Copyright (C) 1997 Richard Günther * * binfmt_misc detects binaries via a magic or filename extension and invokes * a specified wrapper. See Documentation/admin-guide/binfmt-misc.rst for more details.
*/
typedefstruct { struct list_head list; unsignedlong flags; /* type, status, etc. */ int offset; /* offset of magic */ int size; /* size of magic/mask */ char *magic; /* magic or filename extension */ char *mask; /* mask, NULL for exact match */ constchar *interpreter; /* filename of interpreter */ char *name; struct dentry *dentry; struct file *interp_file;
refcount_t users; /* sync removal with load_misc_binary() */
} Node;
staticstruct file_system_type bm_fs_type;
/* * Max length of the register string. Determined by: * - 7 delimiters * - name: ~50 bytes * - type: 1 byte * - offset: 3 bytes (has to be smaller than BINPRM_BUF_SIZE) * - magic: 128 bytes (512 in escaped form) * - mask: 128 bytes (512 in escaped form) * - interp: ~50 bytes * - flags: 5 bytes * Round that up a bit, and then back off to hold the internal data * (like struct Node).
*/ #define MAX_REGISTER_LENGTH 1920
/** * search_binfmt_handler - search for a binary handler for @bprm * @misc: handle to binfmt_misc instance * @bprm: binary for which we are looking for a handler * * Search for a binary type handler for @bprm in the list of registered binary * type handlers. * * Return: binary type list entry on success, NULL on failure
*/ static Node *search_binfmt_handler(struct binfmt_misc *misc, struct linux_binprm *bprm)
{ char *p = strrchr(bprm->interp, '.');
Node *e;
/* Walk all the registered handlers. */
list_for_each_entry(e, &misc->entries, list) { char *s; int j;
/* Make sure this one is currently enabled. */ if (!test_bit(Enabled, &e->flags)) continue;
/* Do matching based on extension if applicable. */ if (!test_bit(Magic, &e->flags)) { if (p && !strcmp(e->magic, p + 1)) return e; continue;
}
/* Do matching based on magic & mask. */
s = bprm->buf + e->offset; if (e->mask) { for (j = 0; j < e->size; j++) if ((*s++ ^ e->magic[j]) & e->mask[j]) break;
} else { for (j = 0; j < e->size; j++) if ((*s++ ^ e->magic[j])) break;
} if (j == e->size) return e;
}
return NULL;
}
/** * get_binfmt_handler - try to find a binary type handler * @misc: handle to binfmt_misc instance * @bprm: binary for which we are looking for a handler * * Try to find a binfmt handler for the binary type. If one is found take a * reference to protect against removal via bm_{entry,status}_write(). * * Return: binary type list entry on success, NULL on failure
*/ static Node *get_binfmt_handler(struct binfmt_misc *misc, struct linux_binprm *bprm)
{
Node *e;
read_lock(&misc->entries_lock);
e = search_binfmt_handler(misc, bprm); if (e)
refcount_inc(&e->users);
read_unlock(&misc->entries_lock); return e;
}
/** * put_binfmt_handler - put binary handler node * @e: node to put * * Free node syncing with load_misc_binary() and defer final free to * load_misc_binary() in case it is using the binary type handler we were * requested to remove.
*/ staticvoid put_binfmt_handler(Node *e)
{ if (refcount_dec_and_test(&e->users)) { if (e->flags & MISC_FMT_OPEN_FILE)
filp_close(e->interp_file, NULL);
kfree(e);
}
}
/** * load_binfmt_misc - load the binfmt_misc of the caller's user namespace * * To be called in load_misc_binary() to load the relevant struct binfmt_misc. * If a user namespace doesn't have its own binfmt_misc mount it can make use * of its ancestor's binfmt_misc handlers. This mimicks the behavior of * pre-namespaced binfmt_misc where all registered binfmt_misc handlers where * available to all user and user namespaces on the system. * * Return: the binfmt_misc instance of the caller's user namespace
*/ staticstruct binfmt_misc *load_binfmt_misc(void)
{ conststruct user_namespace *user_ns; struct binfmt_misc *misc;
user_ns = current_user_ns(); while (user_ns) { /* Pairs with smp_store_release() in bm_fill_super(). */
misc = smp_load_acquire(&user_ns->binfmt_misc); if (misc) return misc;
misc = load_binfmt_misc(); if (!misc->enabled) return retval;
fmt = get_binfmt_handler(misc, bprm); if (!fmt) return retval;
/* Need to be able to load the file after exec */
retval = -ENOENT; if (bprm->interp_flags & BINPRM_FLAGS_PATH_INACCESSIBLE) goto ret;
if (fmt->flags & MISC_FMT_PRESERVE_ARGV0) {
bprm->interp_flags |= BINPRM_FLAGS_PRESERVE_ARGV0;
} else {
retval = remove_arg_zero(bprm); if (retval) goto ret;
}
if (fmt->flags & MISC_FMT_OPEN_BINARY)
bprm->have_execfd = 1;
/* make argv[1] be the path to the binary */
retval = copy_string_kernel(bprm->interp, bprm); if (retval < 0) goto ret;
bprm->argc++;
/* add the interp as argv[0] */
retval = copy_string_kernel(fmt->interpreter, bprm); if (retval < 0) goto ret;
bprm->argc++;
/* Update interp in case binfmt_script needs it. */
retval = bprm_change_interp(fmt->interpreter, bprm); if (retval < 0) goto ret;
if (fmt->flags & MISC_FMT_OPEN_FILE) {
interp_file = file_clone_open(fmt->interp_file); if (!IS_ERR(interp_file))
deny_write_access(interp_file);
} else {
interp_file = open_exec(fmt->interpreter);
}
retval = PTR_ERR(interp_file); if (IS_ERR(interp_file)) goto ret;
bprm->interpreter = interp_file; if (fmt->flags & MISC_FMT_CREDENTIALS)
bprm->execfd_creds = 1;
retval = 0;
ret:
/* * If we actually put the node here all concurrent calls to * load_misc_binary() will have finished. We also know * that for the refcount to be zero someone must have concurently * removed the binary type handler from the list and it's our job to * free it.
*/
put_binfmt_handler(fmt);
return retval;
}
/* Command parsers */
/* * parses and copies one argument enclosed in del from *sp to *dp, * recognising the \x special. * returns pointer to the copied argument or NULL in case of an * error (and sets err) or null argument length.
*/ staticchar *scanarg(char *s, char del)
{ char c;
while ((c = *s++) != del) { if (c == '\\' && *s == 'x') {
s++; if (!isxdigit(*s++)) return NULL; if (!isxdigit(*s++)) return NULL;
}
}
s[-1] ='\0'; return s;
}
/* special flags */ while (cont) { switch (*p) { case'P':
pr_debug("register: flag: P (preserve argv0)\n");
p++;
e->flags |= MISC_FMT_PRESERVE_ARGV0; break; case'O':
pr_debug("register: flag: O (open binary)\n");
p++;
e->flags |= MISC_FMT_OPEN_BINARY; break; case'C':
pr_debug("register: flag: C (preserve creds)\n");
p++; /* this flags also implies the
open-binary flag */
e->flags |= (MISC_FMT_CREDENTIALS |
MISC_FMT_OPEN_BINARY); break; case'F':
pr_debug("register: flag: F: open interpreter file now\n");
p++;
e->flags |= MISC_FMT_OPEN_FILE; break; default:
cont = 0;
}
}
return p;
}
/* * This registers a new binary format, it recognises the syntax * ':name:type:offset:magic:mask:interpreter:flags' * where the ':' is the IFS, that can be chosen with the first char
*/ static Node *create_entry(constchar __user *buffer, size_t count)
{
Node *e; int memsize, err; char *buf, *p; char del;
pr_debug("register: received %zu bytes\n", count);
/* some sanity checks */
err = -EINVAL; if ((count < 11) || (count > MAX_REGISTER_LENGTH)) goto out;
err = -ENOMEM;
memsize = sizeof(Node) + count + 8;
e = kmalloc(memsize, GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT); if (!e) goto out;
p = buf = (char *)e + sizeof(Node);
memset(e, 0, sizeof(Node)); if (copy_from_user(buf, buffer, count)) goto efault;
del = *p++; /* delimeter */
pr_debug("register: delim: %#x {%c}\n", del, del);
/* Pad the buffer with the delim to simplify parsing below. */
memset(buf + count, del, 8);
/* Parse the 'name' field. */
e->name = p;
p = strchr(p, del); if (!p) goto einval;
*p++ = '\0'; if (!e->name[0] ||
!strcmp(e->name, ".") ||
!strcmp(e->name, "..") ||
strchr(e->name, '/')) goto einval;
if (test_bit(Magic, &e->flags)) { /* Handle the 'M' (magic) format. */ char *s;
/* Parse the 'offset' field. */
s = strchr(p, del); if (!s) goto einval;
*s = '\0'; if (p != s) { int r = kstrtoint(p, 10, &e->offset); if (r != 0 || e->offset < 0) goto einval;
}
p = s; if (*p++) goto einval;
pr_debug("register: offset: %#x\n", e->offset);
/* Parse the 'magic' field. */
e->magic = p;
p = scanarg(p, del); if (!p) goto einval; if (!e->magic[0]) goto einval; if (USE_DEBUG)
print_hex_dump_bytes(
KBUILD_MODNAME ": register: magic[raw]: ",
DUMP_PREFIX_NONE, e->magic, p - e->magic);
/* Parse the 'mask' field. */
e->mask = p;
p = scanarg(p, del); if (!p) goto einval; if (!e->mask[0]) {
e->mask = NULL;
pr_debug("register: mask[raw]: none\n");
} elseif (USE_DEBUG)
print_hex_dump_bytes(
KBUILD_MODNAME ": register: mask[raw]: ",
DUMP_PREFIX_NONE, e->mask, p - e->mask);
/* * Decode the magic & mask fields. * Note: while we might have accepted embedded NUL bytes from * above, the unescape helpers here will stop at the first one * it encounters.
*/
e->size = string_unescape_inplace(e->magic, UNESCAPE_HEX); if (e->mask &&
string_unescape_inplace(e->mask, UNESCAPE_HEX) != e->size) goto einval; if (e->size > BINPRM_BUF_SIZE ||
BINPRM_BUF_SIZE - e->size < e->offset) goto einval;
pr_debug("register: magic/mask length: %i\n", e->size); if (USE_DEBUG) {
print_hex_dump_bytes(
KBUILD_MODNAME ": register: magic[decoded]: ",
DUMP_PREFIX_NONE, e->magic, e->size);
if (e->mask) { int i; char *masked = kmalloc(e->size, GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT);
/** * i_binfmt_misc - retrieve struct binfmt_misc from a binfmt_misc inode * @inode: inode of the relevant binfmt_misc instance * * This helper retrieves struct binfmt_misc from a binfmt_misc inode. This can * be done without any memory barriers because we are guaranteed that * user_ns->binfmt_misc is fully initialized. It was fully initialized when the * binfmt_misc mount was first created. * * Return: struct binfmt_misc of the relevant binfmt_misc instance
*/ staticstruct binfmt_misc *i_binfmt_misc(struct inode *inode)
{ return inode->i_sb->s_user_ns->binfmt_misc;
}
/** * bm_evict_inode - cleanup data associated with @inode * @inode: inode to which the data is attached * * Cleanup the binary type handler data associated with @inode if a binary type * entry is removed or the filesystem is unmounted and the super block is * shutdown. * * If the ->evict call was not caused by a super block shutdown but by a write * to remove the entry or all entries via bm_{entry,status}_write() the entry * will have already been removed from the list. We keep the list_empty() check * to make that explicit.
*/ staticvoid bm_evict_inode(struct inode *inode)
{
Node *e = inode->i_private;
/** * remove_binfmt_handler - remove a binary type handler * @misc: handle to binfmt_misc instance * @e: binary type handler to remove * * Remove a binary type handler from the list of binary type handlers and * remove its associated dentry. This is called from * binfmt_{entry,status}_write(). In the future, we might want to think about * adding a proper ->unlink() method to binfmt_misc instead of forcing caller's * to use writes to files in order to delete binary type handlers. But it has * worked for so long that it's not a pressing issue.
*/ staticvoid remove_binfmt_handler(struct binfmt_misc *misc, Node *e)
{
write_lock(&misc->entries_lock);
list_del_init(&e->list);
write_unlock(&misc->entries_lock);
locked_recursive_removal(e->dentry, NULL);
}
switch (res) { case 1: /* Disable this handler. */
clear_bit(Enabled, &e->flags); break; case 2: /* Enable this handler. */
set_bit(Enabled, &e->flags); break; case 3: /* Delete this handler. */
inode = d_inode(inode->i_sb->s_root);
inode_lock_nested(inode, I_MUTEX_PARENT);
/* * In order to add new element or remove elements from the list * via bm_{entry,register,status}_write() inode_lock() on the * root inode must be held. * The lock is exclusive ensuring that the list can't be * modified. Only load_misc_binary() can access but does so * read-only. So we only need to take the write lock when we * actually remove the entry from the list.
*/ if (!list_empty(&e->list))
remove_binfmt_handler(i_binfmt_misc(inode), e);
if (e->flags & MISC_FMT_OPEN_FILE) { conststruct cred *old_cred;
/* * Now that we support unprivileged binfmt_misc mounts make * sure we use the credentials that the register @file was * opened with to also open the interpreter. Before that this * didn't matter much as only a privileged process could open * the register file.
*/
old_cred = override_creds(file->f_cred);
f = open_exec(e->interpreter);
revert_creds(old_cred); if (IS_ERR(f)) {
pr_notice("register: failed to install interpreter file %s\n",
e->interpreter);
kfree(e); return PTR_ERR(f);
}
e->interp_file = f;
}
misc = i_binfmt_misc(file_inode(file)); switch (res) { case 1: /* Disable all handlers. */
misc->enabled = false; break; case 2: /* Enable all handlers. */
misc->enabled = true; break; case 3: /* Delete all handlers. */
inode = d_inode(file_inode(file)->i_sb->s_root);
inode_lock_nested(inode, I_MUTEX_PARENT);
/* * In order to add new element or remove elements from the list * via bm_{entry,register,status}_write() inode_lock() on the * root inode must be held. * The lock is exclusive ensuring that the list can't be * modified. Only load_misc_binary() can access but does so * read-only. So we only need to take the write lock when we * actually remove the entry from the list.
*/
list_for_each_entry_safe(e, next, &misc->entries, list)
remove_binfmt_handler(misc, e);
if (WARN_ON(user_ns != current_user_ns())) return -EINVAL;
/* * Lazily allocate a new binfmt_misc instance for this namespace, i.e. * do it here during the first mount of binfmt_misc. We don't need to * waste memory for every user namespace allocation. It's likely much * more common to not mount a separate binfmt_misc instance than it is * to mount one. * * While multiple superblocks can exist they are keyed by userns in * s_fs_info for binfmt_misc. Hence, the vfs guarantees that * bm_fill_super() is called exactly once whenever a binfmt_misc * superblock for a userns is created. This in turn lets us conclude * that when a binfmt_misc superblock is created for the first time for * a userns there's no one racing us. Therefore we don't need any * barriers when we dereference binfmt_misc.
*/
misc = user_ns->binfmt_misc; if (!misc) { /* * If it turns out that most user namespaces actually want to * register their own binary type handler and therefore all * create their own separate binfmt_misc mounts we should * consider turning this into a kmem cache.
*/
misc = kzalloc(sizeof(struct binfmt_misc), GFP_KERNEL); if (!misc) return -ENOMEM;
/* Pairs with smp_load_acquire() in load_binfmt_misc(). */
smp_store_release(&user_ns->binfmt_misc, misc);
}
/* * When the binfmt_misc superblock for this userns is shutdown * ->enabled might have been set to false and we don't reinitialize * ->enabled again in put_super() as someone might already be mounting * binfmt_misc again. It also would be pointless since by the time * ->put_super() is called we know that the binary type list for this * bintfmt_misc mount is empty making load_misc_binary() return * -ENOEXEC independent of whether ->enabled is true. Instead, if * someone mounts binfmt_misc for the first time or again we simply * reset ->enabled to true.
*/
misc->enabled = true;
core_initcall(init_misc_binfmt);
module_exit(exit_misc_binfmt);
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Kernel support for miscellaneous binaries");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
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