// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 /* * Copyright (c) 2006-2007 Silicon Graphics, Inc. * All Rights Reserved.
*/ #include"xfs.h" #include"xfs_mru_cache.h"
/* * The MRU Cache data structure consists of a data store, an array of lists and * a lock to protect its internal state. At initialisation time, the client * supplies an element lifetime in milliseconds and a group count, as well as a * function pointer to call when deleting elements. A data structure for * queueing up work in the form of timed callbacks is also included. * * The group count controls how many lists are created, and thereby how finely * the elements are grouped in time. When reaping occurs, all the elements in * all the lists whose time has expired are deleted. * * To give an example of how this works in practice, consider a client that * initialises an MRU Cache with a lifetime of ten seconds and a group count of * five. Five internal lists will be created, each representing a two second * period in time. When the first element is added, time zero for the data * structure is initialised to the current time. * * All the elements added in the first two seconds are appended to the first * list. Elements added in the third second go into the second list, and so on. * If an element is accessed at any point, it is removed from its list and * inserted at the head of the current most-recently-used list. * * The reaper function will have nothing to do until at least twelve seconds * have elapsed since the first element was added. The reason for this is that * if it were called at t=11s, there could be elements in the first list that * have only been inactive for nine seconds, so it still does nothing. If it is * called anywhere between t=12 and t=14 seconds, it will delete all the * elements that remain in the first list. It's therefore possible for elements * to remain in the data store even after they've been inactive for up to * (t + t/g) seconds, where t is the inactive element lifetime and g is the * number of groups. * * The above example assumes that the reaper function gets called at least once * every (t/g) seconds. If it is called less frequently, unused elements will * accumulate in the reap list until the reaper function is eventually called. * The current implementation uses work queue callbacks to carefully time the * reaper function calls, so this should happen rarely, if at all. * * From a design perspective, the primary reason for the choice of a list array * representing discrete time intervals is that it's only practical to reap * expired elements in groups of some appreciable size. This automatically * introduces a granularity to element lifetimes, so there's no point storing an * individual timeout with each element that specifies a more precise reap time. * The bonus is a saving of sizeof(long) bytes of memory per element stored. * * The elements could have been stored in just one list, but an array of * counters or pointers would need to be maintained to allow them to be divided * up into discrete time groups. More critically, the process of touching or * removing an element would involve walking large portions of the entire list, * which would have a detrimental effect on performance. The additional memory * requirement for the array of list heads is minimal. * * When an element is touched or deleted, it needs to be removed from its * current list. Doubly linked lists are used to make the list maintenance * portion of these operations O(1). Since reaper timing can be imprecise, * inserts and lookups can occur when there are no free lists available. When * this happens, all the elements on the LRU list need to be migrated to the end * of the reap list. To keep the list maintenance portion of these operations * O(1) also, list tails need to be accessible without walking the entire list. * This is the reason why doubly linked list heads are used.
*/
/* * An MRU Cache is a dynamic data structure that stores its elements in a way * that allows efficient lookups, but also groups them into discrete time * intervals based on insertion time. This allows elements to be efficiently * and automatically reaped after a fixed period of inactivity. * * When a client data pointer is stored in the MRU Cache it needs to be added to * both the data store and to one of the lists. It must also be possible to * access each of these entries via the other, i.e. to: * * a) Walk a list, removing the corresponding data store entry for each item. * b) Look up a data store entry, then access its list entry directly. * * To achieve both of these goals, each entry must contain both a list entry and * a key, in addition to the user's data pointer. Note that it's not a good * idea to have the client embed one of these structures at the top of their own * data structure, because inserting the same item more than once would most * likely result in a loop in one of the lists. That's a sure-fire recipe for * an infinite loop in the code.
*/ struct xfs_mru_cache { struct radix_tree_root store; /* Core storage data structure. */ struct list_head *lists; /* Array of lists, one per grp. */ struct list_head reap_list; /* Elements overdue for reaping. */
spinlock_t lock; /* Lock to protect this struct. */ unsignedint grp_count; /* Number of discrete groups. */ unsignedint grp_time; /* Time period spanned by grps. */ unsignedint lru_grp; /* Group containing time zero. */ unsignedlong time_zero; /* Time first element was added. */
xfs_mru_cache_free_func_t free_func; /* Function pointer for freeing. */ struct delayed_work work; /* Workqueue data for reaping. */ unsignedint queued; /* work has been queued */ void *data;
};
staticstruct workqueue_struct *xfs_mru_reap_wq;
/* * When inserting, destroying or reaping, it's first necessary to update the * lists relative to a particular time. In the case of destroying, that time * will be well in the future to ensure that all items are moved to the reap * list. In all other cases though, the time will be the current time. * * This function enters a loop, moving the contents of the LRU list to the reap * list again and again until either a) the lists are all empty, or b) time zero * has been advanced sufficiently to be within the immediate element lifetime. * * Case a) above is detected by counting how many groups are migrated and * stopping when they've all been moved. Case b) is detected by monitoring the * time_zero field, which is updated as each group is migrated. * * The return value is the earliest time that more migration could be needed, or * zero if there's no need to schedule more work because the lists are empty.
*/ STATICunsignedlong
_xfs_mru_cache_migrate( struct xfs_mru_cache *mru, unsignedlong now)
{ unsignedint grp; unsignedint migrated = 0; struct list_head *lru_list;
/* Nothing to do if the data store is empty. */ if (!mru->time_zero) return 0;
/* While time zero is older than the time spanned by all the lists. */ while (mru->time_zero <= now - mru->grp_count * mru->grp_time) {
/* * If the LRU list isn't empty, migrate its elements to the tail * of the reap list.
*/
lru_list = mru->lists + mru->lru_grp; if (!list_empty(lru_list))
list_splice_init(lru_list, mru->reap_list.prev);
/* * Advance the LRU group number, freeing the old LRU list to * become the new MRU list; advance time zero accordingly.
*/
mru->lru_grp = (mru->lru_grp + 1) % mru->grp_count;
mru->time_zero += mru->grp_time;
/* * If reaping is so far behind that all the elements on all the * lists have been migrated to the reap list, it's now empty.
*/ if (++migrated == mru->grp_count) {
mru->lru_grp = 0;
mru->time_zero = 0; return 0;
}
}
/* Find the first non-empty list from the LRU end. */ for (grp = 0; grp < mru->grp_count; grp++) {
/* Check the grp'th list from the LRU end. */
lru_list = mru->lists + ((mru->lru_grp + grp) % mru->grp_count); if (!list_empty(lru_list)) return mru->time_zero +
(mru->grp_count + grp) * mru->grp_time;
}
/* All the lists must be empty. */
mru->lru_grp = 0;
mru->time_zero = 0; return 0;
}
/* * When inserting or doing a lookup, an element needs to be inserted into the * MRU list. The lists must be migrated first to ensure that they're * up-to-date, otherwise the new element could be given a shorter lifetime in * the cache than it should.
*/ STATICvoid
_xfs_mru_cache_list_insert( struct xfs_mru_cache *mru, struct xfs_mru_cache_elem *elem)
{ unsignedint grp = 0; unsignedlong now = jiffies;
/* * If the data store is empty, initialise time zero, leave grp set to * zero and start the work queue timer if necessary. Otherwise, set grp * to the number of group times that have elapsed since time zero.
*/ if (!_xfs_mru_cache_migrate(mru, now)) {
mru->time_zero = now; if (!mru->queued) {
mru->queued = 1;
queue_delayed_work(xfs_mru_reap_wq, &mru->work,
mru->grp_count * mru->grp_time);
}
} else {
grp = (now - mru->time_zero) / mru->grp_time;
grp = (mru->lru_grp + grp) % mru->grp_count;
}
/* Insert the element at the tail of the corresponding list. */
list_add_tail(&elem->list_node, mru->lists + grp);
}
/* * When destroying or reaping, all the elements that were migrated to the reap * list need to be deleted. For each element this involves removing it from the * data store, removing it from the reap list, calling the client's free * function and deleting the element from the element cache. * * We get called holding the mru->lock, which we drop and then reacquire. * Sparse need special help with this to tell it we know what we are doing.
*/ STATICvoid
_xfs_mru_cache_clear_reap_list( struct xfs_mru_cache *mru)
__releases(mru->lock) __acquires(mru->lock)
{ struct xfs_mru_cache_elem *elem, *next;
LIST_HEAD(tmp);
/* * We fire the reap timer every group expiry interval so * we always have a reaper ready to run. This makes shutdown * and flushing of the reaper easy to do. Hence we need to * keep when the next reap must occur so we can determine * at each interval whether there is anything we need to do.
*/ STATICvoid
_xfs_mru_cache_reap( struct work_struct *work)
{ struct xfs_mru_cache *mru =
container_of(work, struct xfs_mru_cache, work.work); unsignedlong now, next;
ASSERT(mru && mru->lists); if (!mru || !mru->lists) return;
spin_lock(&mru->lock);
next = _xfs_mru_cache_migrate(mru, jiffies);
_xfs_mru_cache_clear_reap_list(mru);
mru->queued = next; if ((mru->queued > 0)) {
now = jiffies; if (next <= now)
next = 0; else
next -= now;
queue_delayed_work(xfs_mru_reap_wq, &mru->work, next);
}
spin_unlock(&mru->lock);
}
int
xfs_mru_cache_init(void)
{
xfs_mru_reap_wq = alloc_workqueue("xfs_mru_cache",
XFS_WQFLAGS(WQ_MEM_RECLAIM | WQ_FREEZABLE), 1); if (!xfs_mru_reap_wq) return -ENOMEM; return 0;
}
/* * To initialise a struct xfs_mru_cache pointer, call xfs_mru_cache_create() * with the address of the pointer, a lifetime value in milliseconds, a group * count and a free function to use when deleting elements. This function * returns 0 if the initialisation was successful.
*/ int
xfs_mru_cache_create( struct xfs_mru_cache **mrup, void *data, unsignedint lifetime_ms, unsignedint grp_count,
xfs_mru_cache_free_func_t free_func)
{ struct xfs_mru_cache *mru = NULL; int grp; unsignedint grp_time;
if (mrup)
*mrup = NULL;
if (!mrup || !grp_count || !lifetime_ms || !free_func) return -EINVAL;
if (!(grp_time = msecs_to_jiffies(lifetime_ms) / grp_count)) return -EINVAL;
mru = kzalloc(sizeof(*mru), GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_NOFAIL); if (!mru) return -ENOMEM;
/* An extra list is needed to avoid reaping up to a grp_time early. */
mru->grp_count = grp_count + 1;
mru->lists = kzalloc(mru->grp_count * sizeof(*mru->lists),
GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_NOFAIL); if (!mru->lists) {
kfree(mru); return -ENOMEM;
}
/* * We use GFP_KERNEL radix tree preload and do inserts under a * spinlock so GFP_ATOMIC is appropriate for the radix tree itself.
*/
INIT_RADIX_TREE(&mru->store, GFP_ATOMIC);
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&mru->reap_list);
spin_lock_init(&mru->lock);
INIT_DELAYED_WORK(&mru->work, _xfs_mru_cache_reap);
/* * Call xfs_mru_cache_flush() to flush out all cached entries, calling their * free functions as they're deleted. When this function returns, the caller is * guaranteed that all the free functions for all the elements have finished * executing and the reaper is not running.
*/ staticvoid
xfs_mru_cache_flush( struct xfs_mru_cache *mru)
{ if (!mru || !mru->lists) return;
spin_lock(&mru->lock); if (mru->queued) {
spin_unlock(&mru->lock);
cancel_delayed_work_sync(&mru->work);
spin_lock(&mru->lock);
}
/* * To insert an element, call xfs_mru_cache_insert() with the data store, the * element's key and the client data pointer. This function returns 0 on * success or ENOMEM if memory for the data element couldn't be allocated. * * The passed in elem is freed through the per-cache free_func on failure.
*/ int
xfs_mru_cache_insert( struct xfs_mru_cache *mru, unsignedlong key, struct xfs_mru_cache_elem *elem)
{ int error = -EINVAL;
error = -ENOMEM; if (radix_tree_preload(GFP_KERNEL)) goto out_free;
/* * To remove an element without calling the free function, call * xfs_mru_cache_remove() with the data store and the element's key. On success * the client data pointer for the removed element is returned, otherwise this * function will return a NULL pointer.
*/ struct xfs_mru_cache_elem *
xfs_mru_cache_remove( struct xfs_mru_cache *mru, unsignedlong key)
{ struct xfs_mru_cache_elem *elem;
ASSERT(mru && mru->lists); if (!mru || !mru->lists) return NULL;
spin_lock(&mru->lock);
elem = radix_tree_delete(&mru->store, key); if (elem)
list_del(&elem->list_node);
spin_unlock(&mru->lock);
return elem;
}
/* * To remove and element and call the free function, call xfs_mru_cache_delete() * with the data store and the element's key.
*/ void
xfs_mru_cache_delete( struct xfs_mru_cache *mru, unsignedlong key)
{ struct xfs_mru_cache_elem *elem;
elem = xfs_mru_cache_remove(mru, key); if (elem)
mru->free_func(mru->data, elem);
}
/* * To look up an element using its key, call xfs_mru_cache_lookup() with the * data store and the element's key. If found, the element will be moved to the * head of the MRU list to indicate that it's been touched. * * The internal data structures are protected by a spinlock that is STILL HELD * when this function returns. Call xfs_mru_cache_done() to release it. Note * that it is not safe to call any function that might sleep in the interim. * * The implementation could have used reference counting to avoid this * restriction, but since most clients simply want to get, set or test a member * of the returned data structure, the extra per-element memory isn't warranted. * * If the element isn't found, this function returns NULL and the spinlock is * released. xfs_mru_cache_done() should NOT be called when this occurs. * * Because sparse isn't smart enough to know about conditional lock return * status, we need to help it get it right by annotating the path that does * not release the lock.
*/ struct xfs_mru_cache_elem *
xfs_mru_cache_lookup( struct xfs_mru_cache *mru, unsignedlong key)
{ struct xfs_mru_cache_elem *elem;
ASSERT(mru && mru->lists); if (!mru || !mru->lists) return NULL;
spin_lock(&mru->lock);
elem = radix_tree_lookup(&mru->store, key); if (elem) {
list_del(&elem->list_node);
_xfs_mru_cache_list_insert(mru, elem);
__release(mru_lock); /* help sparse not be stupid */
} else
spin_unlock(&mru->lock);
return elem;
}
/* * To release the internal data structure spinlock after having performed an * xfs_mru_cache_lookup() or an xfs_mru_cache_peek(), call xfs_mru_cache_done() * with the data store pointer.
*/ void
xfs_mru_cache_done( struct xfs_mru_cache *mru)
__releases(mru->lock)
{
spin_unlock(&mru->lock);
}
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