(* Title: HOL/Tools/inductive_set.ML Author: Stefan Berghofer, TU Muenchen
Wrapper for defining inductive sets using package for inductive predicates, including infrastructure for converting between predicates and sets.
*)
signature INDUCTIVE_SET = sig val to_set_att: thm list -> attribute val to_pred_att: thm list -> attribute val to_pred : thm list -> Context.generic -> thm -> thm val pred_set_conv_att: attribute val add_inductive:
Inductive.flags ->
((binding * typ) * mixfix) list ->
(string * typ) list ->
(Attrib.binding * term) list -> thm list ->
local_theory -> Inductive.result * local_theory val add_inductive_cmd: bool -> bool ->
(binding * stringoption * mixfix) list ->
(binding * stringoption * mixfix) list ->
Specification.multi_specs_cmd -> (Facts.ref * Token.src list) list ->
local_theory -> Inductive.result * local_theory val mono_add: attribute val mono_del: attribute end;
structure Inductive_Set: INDUCTIVE_SET = struct
(***********************************************************************************) (* simplifies (%x y. (x, y) : S & P x y) to (%x y. (x, y) : S Int {(x, y). P x y}) *) (* and (%x y. (x, y) : S | P x y) to (%x y. (x, y) : S Un {(x, y). P x y}) *) (* used for converting "strong" (co)induction rules *) (***********************************************************************************)
val anyt = Free ("t", TFree ("'t", []));
fun strong_ind_simproc tab =
Simplifier.make_simproc \<^context>
{name = "strong_ind",
kind = Simproc,
lhss = [\<^term>\<open>x::'a::{}\],
proc = fn _ => fn ctxt => fn ct => let fun close p t f = letval vs = Term.add_vars t [] in Thm.instantiate' [] (rev (map (SOME o Thm.cterm_of ctxt o Var) vs))
(p (fold (Logic.all o Var) vs t) f) end; fun mk_collect p A t =
\<^Const>\<open>Collect A for \<open>HOLogic.mk_ptupleabs (HOLogic.flat_tuple_paths p) A \<^Type>\<open>bool\<close> t\<close>\<close>; fun decomp \<^Const_>\<open>conj for \<open>(m as \<^Const_>\<open>Set.member A\<close>) $ p $ S\<close> u\<close> =
SOME (\<^Const>\<open>inf \<^Type>\<open>set A\<close>\<close>, (m, p, S, mk_collect p A (head_of u)))
| decomp \<^Const_>\<open>conj for u \<open>(m as \<^Const_>\<open>Set.member A\<close>) $ p $ S\<close>\<close> =
SOME (\<^Const>\<open>inf \<^Type>\<open>set A\<close>\<close>, (m, p, mk_collect p A (head_of u), S))
| decomp \<^Const_>\<open>disj for \<open>(m as \<^Const_>\<open>Set.member A\<close>) $ p $ S\<close> u\<close> =
SOME (\<^Const>\<open>sup \<^Type>\<open>set A\<close>\<close>, (m, p, S, mk_collect p A (head_of u)))
| decomp \<^Const_>\<open>disj for u \<open>(m as \<^Const_>\<open>Set.member A\<close>) $ p $ S\<close>\<close> =
SOME (\<^Const>\<open>sup \<^Type>\<open>set A\<close>\<close>, (m, p, mk_collect p A (head_of u), S))
| decomp _ = NONE; val simp =
full_simp_tac
(put_simpset HOL_basic_ss ctxt
|> Simplifier.add_simps @{thms mem_Collect_eq case_prod_conv}) 1; fun mk_rew t = (case strip_abs_vars t of
[] => NONE
| xs => (case decomp (strip_abs_body t) of
NONE => NONE
| SOME (bop, (m, p, S, S')) =>
SOME (close (Goal.prove ctxt [] [])
(Logic.mk_equals (t, fold_rev Term.abs xs (m $ p $ (bop $ S $ S'))))
(K (EVERY
[resolve_tac ctxt [eq_reflection] 1,
REPEAT (resolve_tac ctxt @{thms ext} 1),
resolve_tac ctxt @{thms iffI} 1,
EVERY [eresolve_tac ctxt @{thms conjE} 1,
resolve_tac ctxt @{thms IntI} 1, simp, simp,
eresolve_tac ctxt @{thms IntE} 1,
resolve_tac ctxt @{thms conjI} 1, simp, simp] ORELSE
EVERY [eresolve_tac ctxt @{thms disjE} 1,
resolve_tac ctxt @{thms UnI1} 1, simp,
resolve_tac ctxt @{thms UnI2} 1, simp,
eresolve_tac ctxt @{thms UnE} 1,
resolve_tac ctxt @{thms disjI1} 1, simp,
resolve_tac ctxt @{thms disjI2} 1, simp]]))) handle ERROR _ => NONE)) in
(case strip_comb (Thm.term_of ct) of
(h as Const (name, _), ts) => if Symtab.defined tab name then letval rews = map mk_rew ts in if forall is_none rews then NONE else SOME (fold (fn th1 => fn th2 => Thm.combination th2 th1)
(map2 (fn SOME r => K r | NONE => Thm.reflexive o Thm.cterm_of ctxt)
rews ts) (Thm.reflexive (Thm.cterm_of ctxt h))) end else NONE
| _ => NONE) end,
identifier = []};
(* only eta contract terms occurring as arguments of functions satisfying p *) fun eta_contract p = let fun eta b (Abs (a, T, body)) =
(case eta b body of
body' as (f $ Bound 0) => if Term.is_dependent f orelse not b then Abs (a, T, body') else incr_boundvars ~1 f
| body' => Abs (a, T, body'))
| eta b (t $ u) = eta b t $ eta (p (head_of t)) u
| eta b t = t in eta falseend;
fun eta_contract_thm ctxt p =
Conv.fconv_rule (Conv.then_conv (Thm.beta_conversion true, fn ct =>
Thm.transitive (Thm.eta_conversion ct)
(Thm.symmetric (Thm.eta_conversion (Thm.cterm_of ctxt (eta_contract p (Thm.term_of ct)))))));
(***********************************************************) (* rules for converting between predicate and set notation *) (* *) (* rules for converting predicates to sets have the form *) (* P (%x y. (x, y) : s) = (%x y. (x, y) : S s) *) (* *) (* rules for converting sets to predicates have the form *) (* S {(x, y). p x y} = {(x, y). P p x y} *) (* *) (* where s and p are parameters *) (***********************************************************)
structure Data = Generic_Data
( type T =
{(* rules for converting predicates to sets *)
to_set_simps: thm list, (* rules for converting sets to predicates *)
to_pred_simps: thm list, (* arities of functions of type t set => ... => u set *)
set_arities: (typ * (int listlistoptionlist * int listlistoption)) list Symtab.table, (* arities of functions of type (t => ... => bool) => u => ... => bool *)
pred_arities: (typ * (int listlistoptionlist * int listlistoption)) list Symtab.table}; val empty = {to_set_simps = [], to_pred_simps = [],
set_arities = Symtab.empty, pred_arities = Symtab.empty}; fun merge
({to_set_simps = to_set_simps1, to_pred_simps = to_pred_simps1,
set_arities = set_arities1, pred_arities = pred_arities1},
{to_set_simps = to_set_simps2, to_pred_simps = to_pred_simps2,
set_arities = set_arities2, pred_arities = pred_arities2}) : T =
{to_set_simps = Thm.merge_thms (to_set_simps1, to_set_simps2),
to_pred_simps = Thm.merge_thms (to_pred_simps1, to_pred_simps2),
set_arities = Symtab.merge_list (op =) (set_arities1, set_arities2),
pred_arities = Symtab.merge_list (op =) (pred_arities1, pred_arities2)};
);
fun name_type_of (Free p) = SOME p
| name_type_of (Const p) = SOME p
| name_type_of _ = NONE;
fun map_type f (Free (s, T)) = Free (s, f T)
| map_type f (Var (ixn, T)) = Var (ixn, f T)
| map_type f _ = error "map_type";
fun find_most_specific is_inst f eq xs T =
find_first (fn U => is_inst (T, f U)
andalso forall (fn U' => eq (f U, f U') orelse not
(is_inst (T, f U') andalso is_inst (f U', f U)))
xs) xs;
fun lookup_arity thy arities (s, T) = case Symtab.lookup arities s of
NONE => NONE
| SOME xs => find_most_specific (Sign.typ_instance thy) fst (op =) xs T;
fun lookup_rule thy f rules = find_most_specific
(swap #> Pattern.matches thy) (f #> fst) (op aconv) rules;
fun infer_arities thy arities (optf, t) fs = case strip_comb t of
(Abs (_, _, u), []) => infer_arities thy arities (NONE, u) fs
| (Abs _, _) => infer_arities thy arities (NONE, Envir.beta_norm t) fs
| (u, ts) => (caseOption.map (lookup_arity thy arities) (name_type_of u) of
SOME (SOME (_, (arity, _))) =>
(fold (infer_arities thy arities) (arity ~~ List.take (ts, length arity)) fs handle General.Subscript => error "infer_arities: bad term")
| _ => fold (infer_arities thy arities) (map (pair NONE) ts)
(case optf of
NONE => fs
| SOME f => AList.update op = (u, the_default f
(Option.map (fn g => inter (op =) g f) (AList.lookup op = fs u))) fs));
(**************************************************************) (* derive the to_pred equation from the to_set equation *) (* *) (* 1. instantiate each set parameter with {(x, y). p x y} *) (* 2. apply %P. {(x, y). P x y} to both sides of the equation *) (* 3. simplify *) (**************************************************************)
fun mk_to_pred_inst ctxt fs = map (fn (x, ps) => let val (Ts, T) = strip_type (fastype_of x); val U = HOLogic.dest_setT T; val x' = map_type (K (Ts @ HOLogic.strip_ptupleT ps U ---> \<^Type>\bool\)) x; in
(dest_Var x,
Thm.cterm_of ctxt (fold_rev (Term.abs o pair "x") Ts
(\<^Const>\<open>Collect U\<close> $
HOLogic.mk_ptupleabs ps U \<^Type>\<open>bool\<close>
(list_comb (x', map Bound (length Ts - 1 downto 0)))))) end) fs;
fun mk_to_pred_eq ctxt p fs optfs' T thm = let val insts = mk_to_pred_inst ctxt fs; val thm' = Thm.instantiate (TVars.empty, Vars.make insts) thm; val thm'' =
(case optfs' of
NONE => thm' RS sym
| SOME fs' => let val U = HOLogic.dest_setT (body_type T); val Ts = HOLogic.strip_ptupleT fs' U; val arg_cong' = Thm.incr_indexes (Thm.maxidx_of thm + 1) arg_cong; val (Var (arg_cong_f, _), _) = arg_cong' |> Thm.concl_of |>
dest_comb |> snd |> strip_comb |> snd |> hd |> dest_comb; in
thm' RS (infer_instantiate ctxt [(arg_cong_f,
Thm.cterm_of ctxt (Abs ("P", Ts ---> \<^Type>\<open>bool\<close>,
\<^Const>\<open>Collect U\<close> $ HOLogic.mk_ptupleabs fs' U
\<^Type>\<open>bool\<close> (Bound 0))))] arg_cong' RS sym) end) in
Simplifier.simplify
(put_simpset HOL_basic_ss ctxt |> Simplifier.add_simps @{thms mem_Collect_eq case_prod_conv}
|> Simplifier.add_proc \<^simproc>\<open>Collect_mem\<close>) thm''
|> zero_var_indexes |> eta_contract_thm ctxt (equal p) end;
(**** declare rules for converting predicates to sets ****)
exception Malformed ofstring;
fun add context thm (tab as {to_set_simps, to_pred_simps, set_arities, pred_arities}) =
(case Thm.prop_of thm of
\<^Const_>\<open>Trueprop for \<^Const_>\<open>HOL.eq T for lhs rhs\<close>\<close> =>
(case body_type T of
\<^Type>\<open>bool\<close> => let val thy = Context.theory_of context; val ctxt = Context.proof_of context; fun factors_of t fs = case strip_abs_body t of
\<^Const_>\<open>Set.member _ for u S\<close> => if is_Free S orelse is_Var S then letval ps = HOLogic.flat_tuple_paths u in (SOME ps, (S, ps) :: fs) end else (NONE, fs)
| _ => (NONE, fs); val (h, ts) = strip_comb lhs val (pfs, fs) = fold_map factors_of ts []; val ((h', ts'), fs') = (case rhs of
Abs _ => (case strip_abs_body rhs of
\<^Const_>\<open>Set.member _ for u S\<close> =>
(strip_comb S, SOME (HOLogic.flat_tuple_paths u))
| _ => raise Malformed "member symbol on right-hand side expected")
| _ => (strip_comb rhs, NONE)) in case (name_type_of h, name_type_of h') of
(SOME (s, T), SOME (s', T')) => ifexists (fn (U, _) =>
Sign.typ_instance thy (T', U) andalso
Sign.typ_instance thy (U, T'))
(Symtab.lookup_list set_arities s') then
(if Context_Position.is_really_visible ctxt then
warning ("Ignoring conversion rule for operator " ^ s') else (); tab) else
{to_set_simps = Thm.trim_context thm :: to_set_simps,
to_pred_simps =
Thm.trim_context (mk_to_pred_eq ctxt h fs fs' T' thm) :: to_pred_simps,
set_arities = Symtab.insert_list op = (s',
(T', (map (AList.lookup op = fs) ts', fs'))) set_arities,
pred_arities = Symtab.insert_list op = (s,
(T, (pfs, fs'))) pred_arities}
| _ => raise Malformed "set / predicate constant expected" end
| _ => raise Malformed "equation between predicates expected")
| _ => raise Malformed "equation expected") handle Malformed msg => let val ctxt = Context.proof_of context val _ = if Context_Position.is_really_visible ctxt then
warning ("Ignoring malformed set / predicate conversion rule: " ^ msg ^ "\n" ^ Thm.string_of_thm ctxt thm) else (); in tab end;
fun to_pred_proc thy rules t = case lookup_rule thy I rules t of
NONE => NONE
| SOME (lhs, rhs) =>
SOME (Envir.subst_term
(Pattern.match thy (lhs, t) (Vartab.empty, Vartab.empty)) rhs);
fun to_pred thms context thm = let val thy = Context.theory_of context; val ctxt = Context.proof_of context; val {to_pred_simps, set_arities, pred_arities, ...} =
fold (add context) thms (Data.get context); val fs = filter (is_Var o fst)
(infer_arities thy set_arities (NONE, Thm.prop_of thm) []); (* instantiate each set parameter with {(x, y). p x y} *) val insts = mk_to_pred_inst ctxt fs in
thm |>
Thm.instantiate (TVars.empty, Vars.make insts) |>
Simplifier.full_simplify (put_simpset HOL_basic_ss ctxt
|> Simplifier.add_proc
(to_pred_simproc
(@{thm mem_Collect_eq} :: @{thm case_prod_conv} :: map (Thm.transfer thy) to_pred_simps))) |>
eta_contract_thm ctxt (is_pred pred_arities) |>
Rule_Cases.save thm end;
val to_pred_att = Thm.rule_attribute [] o to_pred;
(**** convert theorem in predicate notation to set notation ****)
fun to_set thms context thm = let val thy = Context.theory_of context; val ctxt = Context.proof_of context; val {to_set_simps, pred_arities, ...} =
fold (add context) thms (Data.get context); val fs = filter (is_Var o fst)
(infer_arities thy pred_arities (NONE, Thm.prop_of thm) []); (* instantiate each predicate parameter with %x y. (x, y) : s *) val insts = map (fn (x, ps) => let val Ts = binder_types (fastype_of x); val l = length Ts; val k = length ps; val (Rs, Us) = chop (l - k - 1) Ts; val T = HOLogic.mk_ptupleT ps Us; val x' = map_type (K (Rs ---> HOLogic.mk_setT T)) x in
(dest_Var x,
Thm.cterm_of ctxt (fold_rev (Term.abs o pair "x") Ts
(HOLogic.mk_mem (HOLogic.mk_ptuple ps T (map Bound (k downto 0)),
list_comb (x', map Bound (l - 1 downto k + 1)))))) end) fs; in
thm |>
Thm.instantiate (TVars.empty, Vars.make insts) |>
Simplifier.full_simplify
(put_simpset HOL_basic_ss ctxt |> Simplifier.add_simps to_set_simps
|> Simplifier.add_proc (strong_ind_simproc pred_arities)
|> Simplifier.add_proc \<^simproc>\<open>Collect_mem\<close>) |>
Rule_Cases.save thm end;
val to_set_att = Thm.rule_attribute [] o to_set;
(**** definition of inductive sets ****)
fun add_ind_set_def
{quiet_mode, verbose, alt_name, coind, no_elim, no_ind, skip_mono}
cs intros monos params cnames_syn lthy = let val thy = Proof_Context.theory_of lthy; val {set_arities, pred_arities, to_pred_simps, ...} =
Data.get (Context.Proof lthy); fun infer (Abs (_, _, t)) = infer t
| infer \<^Const_>\<open>Set.member _ for t u\<close> =
infer_arities thy set_arities (SOME (HOLogic.flat_tuple_paths t), u)
| infer (t $ u) = infer t #> infer u
| infer _ = I; val new_arities = filter_out
(fn (x as Free (_, T), _) => member (op =) params x andalso length (binder_types T) > 0
| _ => false) (fold (snd #> infer) intros []); val params' = map (fn x =>
(case AList.lookup op = new_arities x of
SOME fs => let val T = HOLogic.dest_setT (fastype_of x); val Ts = HOLogic.strip_ptupleT fs T; val x' = map_type (K (Ts ---> \<^Type>\bool\)) x in
(x, (x',
(\<^Const>\<open>Collect T\<close> $ HOLogic.mk_ptupleabs fs T \<^Type>\<open>bool\<close> x',
fold_rev (Term.abs o pair "x") Ts
(HOLogic.mk_mem
(HOLogic.mk_ptuple fs T (map Bound (length fs downto 0)), x))))) end
| NONE => (x, (x, (x, x))))) params; val (params1, (params2, params3)) =
params' |> map snd |> split_list ||> split_list; val paramTs = map fastype_of params;
(* equations for converting sets to predicates *) val ((cs', cs_info), eqns) = cs |> map (fn c as Free (s, T) => let val fs = the_default [] (AList.lookup op = new_arities c); val (Us, U) = strip_type T |> apsnd HOLogic.dest_setT; val _ = Us = paramTs orelse error (Pretty.string_of (Pretty.chunks
[Pretty.str "Argument types",
Pretty.block (Pretty.commas (map (Syntax.pretty_typ lthy) Us)),
Pretty.str ("of " ^ s ^ " do not agree with types"),
Pretty.block (Pretty.commas (map (Syntax.pretty_typ lthy) paramTs)),
Pretty.str "of declared parameters"])); val Ts = HOLogic.strip_ptupleT fs U; val c' = Free (s ^ "p", map fastype_of params1 @ Ts ---> \<^Type>\bool\) in
((c', (fs, U, Ts)),
(list_comb (c, params2),
\<^Const>\<open>Collect U\<close> $ HOLogic.mk_ptupleabs fs U \<^Type>\<open>bool\<close> (list_comb (c', params1)))) end) |> split_list |>> split_list; val eqns' = eqns @ map (Thm.prop_of #> HOLogic.dest_Trueprop #> HOLogic.dest_eq)
(@{thm mem_Collect_eq} :: @{thm case_prod_conv} :: to_pred_simps);
(* predicate version of the introduction rules *) val intros' = map (fn (name_atts, t) => (name_atts,
t |>
map_aterms (fn u =>
(case AList.lookup op = params' u of
SOME (_, (u', _)) => u'
| NONE => u)) |>
Pattern.rewrite_term thy [] [to_pred_proc thy eqns'] |>
eta_contract (member op = cs' orf is_pred pred_arities))) intros; val cnames_syn' = map (fn (b, _) => (Binding.suffix_name "p" b, NoSyn)) cnames_syn; val monos' = map (to_pred [] (Context.Proof lthy)) monos; val ({preds, intrs, elims, raw_induct, eqs, def, mono, ...}, lthy1) =
Inductive.add_ind_def
{quiet_mode = quiet_mode, verbose = verbose, alt_name = Binding.empty,
coind = coind, no_elim = no_elim, no_ind = no_ind, skip_mono = skip_mono}
cs' intros' monos' params1 cnames_syn' lthy;
(* define inductive sets using previously defined predicates *) val (defs, lthy2) = lthy1
|> fold_map Local_Theory.define
(map (fn (((b, mx), (fs, U, _)), p) =>
((b, mx), ((Thm.def_binding b, []),
fold_rev lambda params (\<^Const>\<open>Collect U\<close> $
HOLogic.mk_ptupleabs fs U \<^Type>\<open>bool\<close> (list_comb (p, params3))))))
(cnames_syn ~~ cs_info ~~ preds));
(* prove theorems for converting predicate to set notation *) val lthy3 = fold
(fn (((p, c as Free (s, _)), (fs, U, Ts)), (_, (_, def))) => fn lthy => letval conv_thm =
Goal.prove lthy (map (fst o dest_Free) params) []
(HOLogic.mk_Trueprop (HOLogic.mk_eq
(list_comb (p, params3),
fold_rev (Term.abs o pair "x") Ts
(HOLogic.mk_mem (HOLogic.mk_ptuple fs U (map Bound (length fs downto 0)),
list_comb (c, params))))))
(K (REPEAT (resolve_tac lthy @{thms ext} 1) THEN
simp_tac (put_simpset HOL_basic_ss lthy
|> Simplifier.add_simps [def, @{thm mem_Collect_eq}, @{thm case_prod_conv}]) 1)) in
lthy |> Local_Theory.note ((Binding.name (s ^ "p_" ^ s ^ "_eq"),
[Attrib.internal \<^here> (K pred_set_conv_att)]),
[conv_thm]) |> snd end) (preds ~~ cs ~~ cs_info ~~ defs) lthy2;
val add_inductive = Inductive.gen_add_inductive add_ind_set_def; val add_inductive_cmd = Inductive.gen_add_inductive_cmd add_ind_set_def;
fun mono_att att =
Thm.declaration_attribute (fn thm => fn context =>
Thm.attribute_declaration att (to_pred [] context thm) context);
val mono_add = mono_att Inductive.mono_add; val mono_del = mono_att Inductive.mono_del;
(** package setup **)
(* attributes *)
val _ =
Theory.setup
(Attrib.setup \<^binding>\<open>pred_set_conv\<close> (Scan.succeed pred_set_conv_att) "declare rules for converting between predicate and set notation" #>
Attrib.setup \<^binding>\<open>to_set\<close> (Attrib.thms >> to_set_att) "convert rule to set notation" #>
Attrib.setup \<^binding>\<open>to_pred\<close> (Attrib.thms >> to_pred_att) "convert rule to predicate notation" #>
Attrib.setup \<^binding>\<open>mono_set\<close> (Attrib.add_del mono_add mono_del) "declare of monotonicity rule for set operators");
(* commands *)
val ind_set_decl = Inductive.gen_ind_decl add_ind_set_def;
val _ =
Outer_Syntax.local_theory \<^command_keyword>\<open>inductive_set\<close> "define inductive sets"
(ind_set_decl false);
val _ =
Outer_Syntax.local_theory \<^command_keyword>\<open>coinductive_set\<close> "define coinductive sets"
(ind_set_decl true);
end;
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