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Datei: faq-use.xml Sprache: XML

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<section id="usage">
  <title>Usage Questions</title>

  
  
  
  

  <para>This section deals general usage of jEdit, including
  customisation.</para>

  <qandaset defaultlabel="qanda">
    
    <qandadiv id="text-abbrev">
      <title>Abbreviations</title>
      <qandaentry>
        <question id="abbrevs-create-onfly">
          <para>How can I create abbreviations <quote>on the
          fly</quote> as I type?</para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>Type the form of abbreviation you wish to use, then
          without pressing the <keycap>SPACE</keycap> key, press
          <keycombo action="simul">
          <keycap>CTRL</keycap> <keycap>;</keycap> </keycombo>.
          A dialog will appear for entering text that
          goes before and after the editing caret. For example, you
          can insert an opening HTML or XML tag before the cursor and
          its corresponding closing tag after the cursor. Use the
          mouse to select <guilabel>Add global</guilabel> or
          <guilabel>Add mode-specific</guilabel>. The first choice
          makes the abbreviation available for all documents; the
          second makes it available only in documents with the same
          editing mode as the current document. In this way, you can
          add abbreviations that operate only a particular class of
          documents, for example, Java source files or XML markup.
          Either way, the abbreviation will be stored for future
          use.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="abbrevs-expand-type">
          <para>How can I have abbreviations expanded automatically as
          I type?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>Select<guimenuitem>Global Options</guimenuitem>,
          <guimenuitem>Abbreviations</guimenuitem> option pane. You
          will see a checkbox option for <quote>Space bar expands
          abbrevs</quote>. Here you can also add, modify and delete
          abbreviations on a global basis or for individual editing
          modes.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>
    </qandadiv>

    

    <qandadiv id="text-clipboard">
      <title>Clipboard features</title>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="clip-multiple">
          <para>Can I copy selections from more than one location in a
          document (or more than one document) and paste the aggregate
          text in one operation?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>The <guimenuitem>Cut Append</guimenuitem> (<keycombo
              action="simul">
              <keycap>CTRL</keycap>

              <keycap>E</keycap>
            </keycombo> <keycombo action="simul">
              <keycap>CTRL</keycap>

              <keycap>U</keycap>
            </keycombo>) and <guimenuitem>Copy Append</guimenuitem>
          (<keycombo action="simul">
              <keycap>CTRL</keycap>

              <keycap>E</keycap>
            </keycombo> <keycombo action="simul">
              <keycap>CTRL</keycap>

              <keycap>A</keycap>
            </keycombo>) both add the selected text to the existing
          contents of the Clipboard. A single
          <guimenuitem>Paste</guimenuitem> (<keycombo action="simul">
              <keycap>CTRL</keycap>

              <keycap>V</keycap>
            </keycombo>) command will insert the aggregated text at
          the cursor or in place of an existing selection.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>
    </qandadiv>

    

    <qandadiv id="file-attributes">
      <title>File Attributes</title>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="file-owner-preserve">
          <para>Does jEdit preserve file ownership and permissions
          when it saves files?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>One reason this can be an issue is that by default,
          jEdit adopts the conservative approach of saving a file to a
          temporary name before renaming that file to the desired
          name. This procedure minimizes the risk of crashes causing
          loss of data, and works without reported problems on local
          file systems. However, when files are served remotely by
          FTP, Samba or other means, it may not be possible to
          preserve file attributes on the server because the newly
          created temporary file's owner may differ from the owner of
          the original file on the server.</para>

          <para>To avoid this problem, you can disable the two-step
          file saving routine. Select <guimenuitem>Global Options</guimenuitem>,
          then under <guimenuitem>Saving & Backup</guimenuitem>, clear the checkbox for
          <guimenuitem>Two-stage save</guimenuitem>.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="file-linesep-choice">
          <para>Why does jEdit ignore my choice for line separator
          characters when I save a file?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>When jEdit saves an existing file, it uses the line
          separator already used by the file. The line separator
          designated in the buffer options or elsewhere is used only
          for new files.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="file-autodetect-encoding">
          <para>Can jEdit auto-detect character encodings when it
          opens a file?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>

          <para> You can select the encoding you
          wish to use from <guisubmenu> Encoding</guisubmenu> in the
          <guimenu>Commands</guimenu> menu of the File System Browser.
          You can also designate a default encoding in the
          <ulink url="../users-guide/global-opts.html#encodings-pane">
          <guimenuitem>Encoding</guimenuitem></ulink> pane of the
          Global Options; if you do not, jEdit uses

          <emphasis role="bold">encoding autodetectors</emphasis> to decide
          which encoding to open a file in. You can change the encoding used to
          save an individual file by selecting
          <guimenu>Utilities</guimenu>><guimenuitem>Buffer
          Options</guimenuitem> and changing the current buffer's properties.
          Finally, jEdit keeps track of the encodings used in the files named in
          the <guimenu>File</guimenu>><guimenuitem>Recent Files</guimenuitem>
          drop-down list.</para>

          <para>These features allow you to minimize the attention
          given to character encodings, but you must still pay some
          attention if you do not want to use default settings.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="file-euro-char">
          <para>I'm using the iso-8859-1 character encoding. How do I
          type and save the Euro sign (<quote>€</quote>)?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>

         <para>You need to use instead the iso-8859-15 character set, which is a
         modification of iso-8859-1 that includes the Euro sign and some Finnish
         and French characters. The Euro sign represents character value 0xA4 in
         this 8-bit set. To open a file manually using this encoding, select
         <guimenu>File</guimenu>><guimenuitem>Open... </guimenuitem>, and
         select <guimenuitem>ISO8859_15</guimenuitem> from <guimenu>
         Commands</guimenu>><guisubmenu>Enconding</guisubmenu> before opening
         the file.</para>

         <para>There is a startup script in the <quote>Downloads</quote> area of
         <ulink url="http://community.jedit.org">jEdit Community</ulink> named
         <filename>euro.bsh</filename> that can be used as a startup script to
         help simplify the insertion of the Euro symbol if your keyboard
         currently lacks a dedicated key.</para>
        </answer>
       </qandaentry>
      </qandadiv>

    

    <qandadiv id="file-manage">
      <title>File Management</title>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="open-dnd">
          <para>How can I open files in jEdit using drag and
          drop?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>Try installing the Drag and Drop plugin using the
          Plugin Manager feature. It works with most (but not all)
          combinations of operating systems and current Java runtime
          environments.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="add-favorites">
          <para>How do I add and remove directories to the list of
          <quote>favorites</quote> in jEdit's File System
          Browser?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>To add a directory to the list of favorites, navigate
          so that the directory is at the top of the tree displayed in
          the File System Browser window, click the
          <guimenuitem>Favorites</guimenuitem> button, and select
          <guimenuitem>Add to favorites</guimenuitem> from the
          resulting menu. To delete a directory from the favorites
          list, use the same menu to go to the favorites list.
          Right-click on the directory to be deleted and select
          <guimenuitem>Delete</guimenuitem>. This operation will
          delete the directory from the list of favorites but will
          have no effect on the directory itself.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="associate-files">
          <para>How do I associate particular file types with jEdit so
          I can open them by double clicking their icons in Windows
          Explorer?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>You associate the file extension with
          <userinput><replaceable><jEdit installation
          directory></replaceable>\jedit.exe</userinput>.
          This can be done from the <guimenuitem>File Types</guimenuitem>
          tab in the Windows Explorer's Tools
          -> <guimenuitem>Folder options...</guimenuitem> menu.</para>

          <para>The EXE-installer for Windows includes a
          custom context menu handler. It will provide menu items for
          using jEdit any time you right-click on a file icon in
          Windows Explorer. This feature does
          not interfere with any existing file associations.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="open-restrict-dir">
          <para>Can I restrict jEdit to opening and saving files in a
          single directory without changing file permissions?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>The easiest way to get this kind of behavior is to use
          macros that open the Virtual File Browser to a specific,
          fixed directory, and then change the default keyboard
          shortcuts for opening and saving files to run these
          macros.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="filename-uc-to-lc">
          <para>On Windows, how can I change the name of my file from
          <filename>myfile.txt</filename> to
          <filename>MyFile.txt</filename>?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>The Windows native file system deals with file names
          in a case-insensitive manner, so
          <filename>myfile.txt</filename> and
          <filename>MyFile.txt</filename> refer to the same file. As a
          result, the jEdit file browser treats both spellings
          identically and does not make a name change. Using our
          example, the easiest workaround is to rename the file in two
          steps: first to <filename>_myfile.txt</filename>, then to
          <filename>MyFile.txt</filename>.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>
    </qandadiv>

    

    <qandadiv id="text-format">
      <title>Formatting text</title>

   <qandaentry>
        <question id="toggle-auto-indent">
          <para>How do I toggle jEdit's auto-indent behavior?
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para> By default, the <literal>Return</literal> key is bound to
          the <guimenuitem>Insert Newline and Indent</guimenuitem> action.
          If you bind it to <guimenuitem>Insert Newline</guimenuitem> from
          <guimenuitem>Global Options - Shortcuts</guimenuitem>, that will
          disable the auto-indent behavior. There is no way to "toggle"
          this feature. </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>
      <qandaentry>
        <question id="text-indent">
          <para>How do I indent or unindent selections of text?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>Using jEdit's default configuration, you can indent a
          selection of text by pressing <keycombo action="simul">
              <keycap>ALT</keycap>

              <keycap>RIGHT</keycap>
            </keycombo>. Unindent a selection by pressing <keycombo
              action="simul">
              <keycap>ALT</keycap>

              <keycap>LEFT</keycap>
            </keycombo>.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="text-line-numbers">
          <para>Is there a way to automatically view line numbers when
          a buffer is opened?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>Select <guimenuitem>Global Options</guimenuitem>,
          <guimenuitem>Gutter</guimenuitem> option pane, and check the
          <guimenuitem>Line Numbering</guimenuitem> check box.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="smart-quote">
          <para>Does jEdit know smart quotes? In .tex files I would
          like to use <userinput>``</userinput> or
          <userinput>''</userinput> instead of
          <userinput>".
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>While jEdit can display any character provided by a
          supported encoding set and enter any character supported by
          a keyboard driver, it does not have the ability to insert
          <quote>smart quote</quote> pairs automatically as some word
          processors do. This would require a BeanShell macro to
          modify quoted text.</para>

          <para>The built-in Abbreviations feature (<guimenu>Global Options</guimenu> <guimenuitem>Abbreviations</guimenuitem>) as well as the Accents and CharacterMap plugins can also help you
          type international characters.</para>

          <para>You also have the option of using a TeX macro (or, in
          LaTeX, a pair of environment tags) to have the standard
          double quotation mark <userinput>" transformed
          into the appropriate opening or closing smart quotes without
          the need to keep track of when quoted text opens or
          closes.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="text-display-spaces">
          <para>The display of spaces as a character in the editor is
          annoying. How can I disable those small square boxes?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>This is controlled by the WhiteSpace plugin. To change
          your settings to disable display of whitespace characters,
          <guimenuitem>Plugin options>WhiteSpace</guimenuitem>.
          You can separately configure the display of spaces, tabs, and other whitespace
          characters.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="text-i18n">
          <para>Does jEdit support i18n?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>When editing text documents, jEdit supports any
          available encoding scheme, and can open files with a
          specified encoding other than the default encoding of your
          operating system using the
          <guimenu>File</guimenu>><guisubmenu>Reload with Encoding
          </guisubmenu> action.</para>

          <para>With respect to menu labels, message strings and other
          GUI elements, the jEdit project team now supports localization files for different languages.
          How well they are maintained is up to the individual members of the community who help to maintain them. </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>
    </qandadiv>

    

    <qandadiv id="source-compile">
      <title>Compiling source code</title>

   <qandaentry>
        <question id="jedit-compile">
          <para>How do you set the classpath for compiling Java files in jEdit?</para>
        </question>
        <answer>

         <para>The classpath can be set from ProjectViewer's project properties
         on a per-project basis. The <ulink
         url="/Classpath.jar!/index.html">ClassPath plugin</ulink> provides this
         option pane to ProjectViewer. JavaSideKick uses it for completion, and
         other Java plugins should also. </para>

        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="compile-java">
          <para>How do I compile my Java source in JEdit?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>There are a number of plugins that you can use to
          compile Java source code. You can run a Java compiler on the
          command line in the <quote>System</quote> shell of the
          <application>Console</application> plugin. When JCompiler is updated,
          you can use that again. Many Java projects
          can be built with Apache Ant, and that is how we build jEdit.
          You can use the <quote>Ant</quote> commandos from the
          <application>Console</application> plugin to run ant from jEdit,
          and parse the error messages for ErrorList. Also, the
          <application>Antelope</application> or
          <application>AntFarm</application> plugins provide a more
          Eclipse-like GUI front-end for Apache Ant.
          Apache Ant uses a <filename>build.xml</filename> file to specify build
          commands and dependencies.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="source-new-editmode">
          <para>How do I create a new edit mode?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>Take a look at the <quote>Writing Edit Modes</quote>
          section of the User's Guide. Basically, you have to write an
          XML file containing data on the mode's file extensions and
          buffer and syntax highlighting properties, then add
          information about the new mode file to a second XML file
          containing a catalog of modes.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="source-docbook">
          <para>Does jEdit support DocBook tags?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>The application contains editing modes for both SGML
          and XML. Using jEdit abbreviations, you can quickly insert
          commonly-typed tags with a couple of keystroke. There are a
          number of abbreviations in the XML and SGML modes that
          create pairs of DocBook tags on the fly.</para>

          <para>You can get validation, tree-browsing, auto-complete,
          and auto-closing tags with the XML plugin, a very advanced
          XML editing tool.</para>

          <para>With whe XInsert or Template plugin you can create
          multi-layered DocBook elements.</para>

          <para>There are other macros targeting DocBook available
          from the <ulink url="http://community.jedit.org">jEdit
          Community</ulink> web site that you can use or adapt for
          your own purposes.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>
    </qandadiv>

    

    <qandadiv id="emacs-tricks">
      <title>Tips for Emacs users</title>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="settings-emacsctrle">
          <para>How do I get Emacs-like key bindings out of the box? </para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>As of jEdit 5.1, it is much easier than before:  <guimenuitem> Global Options - Shortcuts - Choose Keymap: Emacs</guimenuitem>. Customize it by setting your own shortcuts to make it more like your flavor of Emacs. Emacs macros are contributed by Brian Clapper.
          </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

    </qandadiv>

    <qandadiv id="customize-other">
      <title>Other Settings and Options</title>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="settings-change-font">
          <para>How can I change the font used for menu labels and
          other elements of jEdit's user interface?
        </question>

        <answer>
  <para>Select the <guimenuitem>Global Options</guimenuitem>,
  <guimenuitem>Appearance</guimenuitem> option pane. When you
  select the <quote>Metal</quote> look and feel you can also
  select the fonts used for various displayed items.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>
      <qandaentry>
        <question id="antialiased-text-everywhere">
          <para>How can I get antialiased text everywhere, even dockables and menus? </para>
        </question>
        <answer>
         <para>
          See the <ulink url="../users-guide/jvm-options.html">page on JVM options</ulink> in the users guide.
         </para>
     </answer>
      </qandaentry>
      <qandaentry>
        <question id="settings-add-classpath">
          <para>I want to add a directory to the classpath. I did this
          in the standalone BeanShell with ease by using the
          <classname>addClassPath(String)</classname> method. but this
          doesn't work in a macro. How could I manage the classpath in
          jEdit?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>The implementation of BeanShell used in jEdit does not
          use BeanShell's class loader. The script method contained in
          loadJarClasses.bsh (found in the Downloads section of <ulink
          url="http://community.jedit.org">jEdit Community</ulink>)
          should work if you know the path to a specific class file or
          class archive.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="settings-unlisted">
          <para>Are there any hidden features?</para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>Yes. You can access them by binding a shortcut to the
          action in question. You will find a complete list of
          available commands under the
          <guimenuitem>Shortcuts</guimenuitem> area in the
          <guimenuitem>Global Options</guimenuitem>.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>
    </qandadiv>
  </qandaset>
</section>

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