Quellcode-Bibliothek

^© Kompilation durch diese Firma

[Weder Korrektheit noch Funktionsfähigkeit der Software werden zugesichert.]

Datei: LetIn.v Sprache: Coq

Original von: Coq^©

(************************************************************************)
(*         *   The Coq Proof Assistant / The Coq Development Team       *)
(*  v      *   INRIA, CNRS and contributors - Copyright 1999-2018       *)
(* <O___,, *       (see CREDITS file for the list of authors)           *)
(*   \VV/  **************************************************************)
(*    //   *    This file is distributed under the terms of the         *)
(*         *     GNU Lesser General Public License Version 2.1          *)
(*         *     (see LICENSE file for the text of the license)         *)
(************************************************************************)

Require Import Rbase.
Require Import Rfunctions.
Require Import Ranalysis1.
Require Import RList.
Require Import Classical_Prop.
Require Import Classical_Pred_Type.
Local Open Scope R_scope.

(** * General definitions and propositions *)

Definition included (D1 D2:R -> Prop) : Prop := forall x:R, D1 x -> D2 x.
Definition disc (x:R) (delta:posreal) (y:R) : Prop := Rabs (y - x) < delta.
Definition neighbourhood (V:R -> Prop) (x:R) : Prop :=
  exists delta : posreal, included (disc x delta) V.
Definition open_set (D:R -> Prop) : Prop :=
  forall x:R, D x -> neighbourhood D x.
Definition complementary (D:R -> Prop) (c:R) : Prop := ~ D c.
Definition closed_set (D:R -> Prop) : Prop := open_set (complementary D).
Definition intersection_domain (D1 D2:R -> Prop) (c:R) : Prop := D1 c /\ D2 c.
Definition union_domain (D1 D2:R -> Prop) (c:R) : Prop := D1 c \/ D2 c.
Definition interior (D:R -> Prop) (x:R) : Prop := neighbourhood D x.

Lemma interior_P1 : forall D:R -> Prop, included (interior D) D.
Proof.
  intros; unfold included; unfold interior; intros;
    unfold neighbourhood in H; elim H; intros; unfold included in H0;
      apply H0; unfold disc; unfold Rminus;
        rewrite Rplus_opp_r; rewrite Rabs_R0; apply (cond_pos x0).
Qed.

Lemma interior_P2 : forall D:R -> Prop, open_set D -> included D (interior D).
Proof.
  intros; unfold open_set in H; unfold included; intros;
    assert (H1 := H _ H0); unfold interior; apply H1.
Qed.

Definition point_adherent (D:R -> Prop) (x:R) : Prop :=
  forall V:R -> Prop,
    neighbourhood V x ->  exists y : R, intersection_domain V D y.
Definition adherence (D:R -> Prop) (x:R) : Prop := point_adherent D x.

Lemma adherence_P1 : forall D:R -> Prop, included D (adherence D).
Proof.
  intro; unfold included; intros; unfold adherence;
    unfold point_adherent; intros; exists x;
      unfold intersection_domain; split.
  unfold neighbourhood in H0; elim H0; intros; unfold included in H1; apply H1;
    unfold disc; unfold Rminus; rewrite Rplus_opp_r;
      rewrite Rabs_R0; apply (cond_pos x0).
  apply H.
Qed.

Lemma included_trans :
  forall D1 D2 D3:R -> Prop,
    included D1 D2 -> included D2 D3 -> included D1 D3.
Proof.
  unfold included; intros; apply H0; apply H; apply H1.
Qed.

Lemma interior_P3 : forall D:R -> Prop, open_set (interior D).
Proof.
  intro; unfold open_set, interior; unfold neighbourhood;
    intros; elim H; intros.
  exists x0; unfold included; intros.
  set (del := x0 - Rabs (x - x1)).
  cut (0 < del).
  intro; exists (mkposreal del H2); intros.
  cut (included (disc x1 (mkposreal del H2)) (disc x x0)).
  intro; assert (H5 := included_trans _ _ _ H4 H0).
  apply H5; apply H3.
  unfold included; unfold disc; intros.
  apply Rle_lt_trans with (Rabs (x3 - x1) + Rabs (x1 - x)).
  replace (x3 - x) with (x3 - x1 + (x1 - x)); [ apply Rabs_triang | ring ].
  replace (pos x0) with (del + Rabs (x1 - x)).
  do 2 rewrite <- (Rplus_comm (Rabs (x1 - x))); apply Rplus_lt_compat_l;
    apply H4.
  unfold del; rewrite <- (Rabs_Ropp (x - x1)); rewrite Ropp_minus_distr;
    ring.
  unfold del; apply Rplus_lt_reg_l with (Rabs (x - x1));
    rewrite Rplus_0_r;
      replace (Rabs (x - x1) + (x0 - Rabs (x - x1))) with (pos x0);
      [ idtac | ring ].
  unfold disc in H1; rewrite <- Rabs_Ropp; rewrite Ropp_minus_distr; apply H1.
Qed.

Lemma complementary_P1 :
  forall D:R -> Prop,
    ~ (exists y : R, intersection_domain D (complementary D) y).
Proof.
  intro; red; intro; elim H; intros;
    unfold intersection_domain, complementary in H0; elim H0;
      intros; elim H2; assumption.
Qed.

Lemma adherence_P2 :
  forall D:R -> Prop, closed_set D -> included (adherence D) D.
Proof.
  unfold closed_set; unfold open_set, complementary; intros;
    unfold included, adherence; intros; assert (H1 := classic (D x));
      elim H1; intro.
  assumption.
  assert (H3 := H _ H2); assert (H4 := H0 _ H3); elim H4; intros;
    unfold intersection_domain in H5; elim H5; intros;
      elim H6; assumption.
Qed.

Lemma adherence_P3 : forall D:R -> Prop, closed_set (adherence D).
Proof.
  intro; unfold closed_set, adherence;
    unfold open_set, complementary, point_adherent;
      intros;
        set
          (P :=
            fun V:R -> Prop =>
              neighbourhood V x ->  exists y : R, intersection_domain V D y);
          assert (H0 := not_all_ex_not _ P H); elim H0; intros V0 H1;
            unfold P in H1; assert (H2 := imply_to_and _ _ H1);
              unfold neighbourhood; elim H2; intros; unfold neighbourhood in H3;
                elim H3; intros; exists x0; unfold included;
                  intros; red; intro.
  assert (H8 := H7 V0);
    cut (exists delta : posreal, (forall x:R, disc x1 delta x -> V0 x)).
  intro; assert (H10 := H8 H9); elim H4; assumption.
  cut (0 < x0 - Rabs (x - x1)).
  intro; set (del := mkposreal _ H9); exists del; intros;
    unfold included in H5; apply H5; unfold disc;
      apply Rle_lt_trans with (Rabs (x2 - x1) + Rabs (x1 - x)).
  replace (x2 - x) with (x2 - x1 + (x1 - x)); [ apply Rabs_triang | ring ].
  replace (pos x0) with (del + Rabs (x1 - x)).
  do 2 rewrite <- (Rplus_comm (Rabs (x1 - x))); apply Rplus_lt_compat_l;
    apply H10.
  unfold del; simpl; rewrite <- (Rabs_Ropp (x - x1));
    rewrite Ropp_minus_distr; ring.
  apply Rplus_lt_reg_l with (Rabs (x - x1)); rewrite Rplus_0_r;
    replace (Rabs (x - x1) + (x0 - Rabs (x - x1))) with (pos x0);
    [ rewrite <- Rabs_Ropp; rewrite Ropp_minus_distr; apply H6 | ring ].
Qed.

Definition eq_Dom (D1 D2:R -> Prop) : Prop :=
  included D1 D2 /\ included D2 D1.

Infix "=_D" := eq_Dom (at level 70, no associativity).

Lemma open_set_P1 : forall D:R -> Prop, open_set D <-> D =_D interior D.
Proof.
  intro; split.
  intro; unfold eq_Dom; split.
  apply interior_P2; assumption.
  apply interior_P1.
  intro; unfold eq_Dom in H; elim H; clear H; intros; unfold open_set;
    intros; unfold included, interior in H; unfold included in H0;
      apply (H _ H1).
Qed.

Lemma closed_set_P1 : forall D:R -> Prop, closed_set D <-> D =_D adherence D.
Proof.
  intro; split.
  intro; unfold eq_Dom; split.
  apply adherence_P1.
  apply adherence_P2; assumption.
  unfold eq_Dom; unfold included; intros;
    assert (H0 := adherence_P3 D); unfold closed_set in H0;
      unfold closed_set; unfold open_set;
        unfold open_set in H0; intros; assert (H2 : complementary (adherence D) x).
  unfold complementary; unfold complementary in H1; red; intro;
    elim H; clear H; intros _ H; elim H1; apply (H _ H2).
  assert (H3 := H0 _ H2); unfold neighbourhood;
    unfold neighbourhood in H3; elim H3; intros; exists x0;
      unfold included; unfold included in H4; intros;
        assert (H6 := H4 _ H5); unfold complementary in H6;
          unfold complementary; red; intro;
            elim H; clear H; intros H _; elim H6; apply (H _ H7).
Qed.

Lemma neighbourhood_P1 :
  forall (D1 D2:R -> Prop) (x:R),
    included D1 D2 -> neighbourhood D1 x -> neighbourhood D2 x.
Proof.
  unfold included, neighbourhood; intros; elim H0; intros; exists x0;
    intros; unfold included; unfold included in H1;
      intros; apply (H _ (H1 _ H2)).
Qed.

Lemma open_set_P2 :
  forall D1 D2:R -> Prop,
    open_set D1 -> open_set D2 -> open_set (union_domain D1 D2).
Proof.
  unfold open_set; intros; unfold union_domain in H1; elim H1; intro.
  apply neighbourhood_P1 with D1.
  unfold included, union_domain; tauto.
  apply H; assumption.
  apply neighbourhood_P1 with D2.
  unfold included, union_domain; tauto.
  apply H0; assumption.
Qed.

Lemma open_set_P3 :
  forall D1 D2:R -> Prop,
    open_set D1 -> open_set D2 -> open_set (intersection_domain D1 D2).
Proof.
  unfold open_set; intros; unfold intersection_domain in H1; elim H1;
    intros.
  assert (H4 := H _ H2); assert (H5 := H0 _ H3);
    unfold intersection_domain; unfold neighbourhood in H4, H5;
      elim H4; clear H; intros del1 H; elim H5; clear H0;
        intros del2 H0; cut (0 < Rmin del1 del2).
  intro; set (del := mkposreal _ H6).
  exists del; unfold included; intros; unfold included in H, H0;
    unfold disc in H, H0, H7.
  split.
  apply H; apply Rlt_le_trans with (pos del).
  apply H7.
  unfold del; simpl; apply Rmin_l.
  apply H0; apply Rlt_le_trans with (pos del).
  apply H7.
  unfold del; simpl; apply Rmin_r.
  unfold Rmin; case (Rle_dec del1 del2); intro.
  apply (cond_pos del1).
  apply (cond_pos del2).
Qed.

Lemma open_set_P4 : open_set (fun x:R => False).
Proof.
  unfold open_set; intros; elim H.
Qed.

Lemma open_set_P5 : open_set (fun x:R => True).
Proof.
  unfold open_set; intros; unfold neighbourhood.
  exists (mkposreal 1 Rlt_0_1); unfold included; intros; trivial.
Qed.

Lemma disc_P1 : forall (x:R) (del:posreal), open_set (disc x del).
Proof.
  intros; assert (H := open_set_P1 (disc x del)).
  elim H; intros; apply H1.
  unfold eq_Dom; split.
  unfold included, interior, disc; intros;
    cut (0 < del - Rabs (x - x0)).
  intro; set (del2 := mkposreal _ H3).
  exists del2; unfold included; intros.
  apply Rle_lt_trans with (Rabs (x1 - x0) + Rabs (x0 - x)).
  replace (x1 - x) with (x1 - x0 + (x0 - x)); [ apply Rabs_triang | ring ].
  replace (pos del) with (del2 + Rabs (x0 - x)).
  do 2 rewrite <- (Rplus_comm (Rabs (x0 - x))); apply Rplus_lt_compat_l.
  apply H4.
  unfold del2; simpl; rewrite <- (Rabs_Ropp (x - x0));
    rewrite Ropp_minus_distr; ring.
  apply Rplus_lt_reg_l with (Rabs (x - x0)); rewrite Rplus_0_r;
    replace (Rabs (x - x0) + (del - Rabs (x - x0))) with (pos del);
    [ rewrite <- Rabs_Ropp; rewrite Ropp_minus_distr; apply H2 | ring ].
  apply interior_P1.
Qed.

Lemma continuity_P1 :
  forall (f:R -> R) (x:R),
    continuity_pt f x <->
    (forall W:R -> Prop,
      neighbourhood W (f x) ->
      exists V : R -> Prop,
        neighbourhood V x /\ (forall y:R, V y -> W (f y))).
Proof.
  intros; split.
  intros; unfold neighbourhood in H0.
  elim H0; intros del1 H1.
  unfold continuity_pt in H; unfold continue_in in H; unfold limit1_in in H;
    unfold limit_in in H; simpl in H; unfold R_dist in H.
  assert (H2 := H del1 (cond_pos del1)).
  elim H2; intros del2 H3.
  elim H3; intros.
  exists (disc x (mkposreal del2 H4)).
  intros; unfold included in H1; split.
  unfold neighbourhood, disc.
  exists (mkposreal del2 H4).
  unfold included; intros; assumption.
  intros; apply H1; unfold disc; case (Req_dec y x); intro.
  rewrite H7; unfold Rminus; rewrite Rplus_opp_r; rewrite Rabs_R0;
    apply (cond_pos del1).
  apply H5; split.
  unfold D_x, no_cond; split.
  trivial.
  apply (not_eq_sym (A:=R)); apply H7.
  unfold disc in H6; apply H6.
  intros; unfold continuity_pt; unfold continue_in;
    unfold limit1_in; unfold limit_in;
      intros.
  assert (H1 := H (disc (f x) (mkposreal eps H0))).
  cut (neighbourhood (disc (f x) (mkposreal eps H0)) (f x)).
  intro; assert (H3 := H1 H2).
  elim H3; intros D H4; elim H4; intros; unfold neighbourhood in H5; elim H5;
    intros del1 H7.
  exists (pos del1); split.
  apply (cond_pos del1).
  intros; elim H8; intros; simpl in H10; unfold R_dist in H10; simpl;
    unfold R_dist; apply (H6 _ (H7 _ H10)).
  unfold neighbourhood, disc; exists (mkposreal eps H0);
    unfold included; intros; assumption.
Qed.

Definition image_rec (f:R -> R) (D:R -> Prop) (x:R) : Prop := D (f x).

(**********)
Lemma continuity_P2 :
  forall (f:R -> R) (D:R -> Prop),
    continuity f -> open_set D -> open_set (image_rec f D).
Proof.
  intros; unfold open_set in H0; unfold open_set; intros;
    assert (H2 := continuity_P1 f x); elim H2; intros H3 _;
      assert (H4 := H3 (H x)); unfold neighbourhood, image_rec;
        unfold image_rec in H1; assert (H5 := H4 D (H0 (f x) H1));
          elim H5; intros V0 H6; elim H6; intros; unfold neighbourhood in H7;
            elim H7; intros del H9; exists del; unfold included in H9;
              unfold included; intros; apply (H8 _ (H9 _ H10)).
Qed.

(**********)
Lemma continuity_P3 :
  forall f:R -> R,
    continuity f <->
    (forall D:R -> Prop, open_set D -> open_set (image_rec f D)).
Proof.
  intros; split.
  intros; apply continuity_P2; assumption.
  intros; unfold continuity; unfold continuity_pt;
    unfold continue_in; unfold limit1_in;
      unfold limit_in; simpl; unfold R_dist;
        intros; cut (open_set (disc (f x) (mkposreal _ H0))).
  intro; assert (H2 := H _ H1).
  unfold open_set, image_rec in H2; cut (disc (f x) (mkposreal _ H0) (f x)).
  intro; assert (H4 := H2 _ H3).
  unfold neighbourhood in H4; elim H4; intros del H5.
  exists (pos del); split.
  apply (cond_pos del).
  intros; unfold included in H5; apply H5; elim H6; intros; apply H8.
  unfold disc; unfold Rminus; rewrite Rplus_opp_r;
    rewrite Rabs_R0; apply H0.
  apply disc_P1.
Qed.

(**********)
Theorem Rsepare :
  forall x y:R,
    x <> y ->
    exists V : R -> Prop,
      (exists W : R -> Prop,
        neighbourhood V x /\
        neighbourhood W y /\ ~ (exists y : R, intersection_domain V W y)).
Proof.
  intros x y Hsep; set (D := Rabs (x - y)).
  cut (0 < D / 2).
  intro; exists (disc x (mkposreal _ H)).
  exists (disc y (mkposreal _ H)); split.
  unfold neighbourhood; exists (mkposreal _ H); unfold included;
    tauto.
  split.
  unfold neighbourhood; exists (mkposreal _ H); unfold included;
    tauto.
  red; intro; elim H0; intros; unfold intersection_domain in H1;
    elim H1; intros.
  cut (D < D).
  intro; elim (Rlt_irrefl _ H4).
  change (Rabs (x - y) < D);
    apply Rle_lt_trans with (Rabs (x - x0) + Rabs (x0 - y)).
  replace (x - y) with (x - x0 + (x0 - y)); [ apply Rabs_triang | ring ].
  rewrite (double_var D); apply Rplus_lt_compat.
  rewrite <- Rabs_Ropp; rewrite Ropp_minus_distr; apply H2.
  apply H3.
  unfold Rdiv; apply Rmult_lt_0_compat.
  unfold D; apply Rabs_pos_lt; apply (Rminus_eq_contra _ _ Hsep).
  apply Rinv_0_lt_compat; prove_sup0.
Qed.

Record family : Type := mkfamily
  {ind : R -> Prop;
    f :> R -> R -> Prop;
    cond_fam : forall x:R, (exists y : R, f x y) -> ind x}.

Definition family_open_set (f:family) : Prop := forall x:R, open_set (f x).

Definition domain_finite (D:R -> Prop) : Prop :=
  exists l : Rlist, (forall x:R, D x <-> In x l).

Definition family_finite (f:family) : Prop := domain_finite (ind f).

Definition covering (D:R -> Prop) (f:family) : Prop :=
  forall x:R, D x ->  exists y : R, f y x.

Definition covering_open_set (D:R -> Prop) (f:family) : Prop :=
  covering D f /\ family_open_set f.

Definition covering_finite (D:R -> Prop) (f:family) : Prop :=
  covering D f /\ family_finite f.

Lemma restriction_family :
  forall (f:family) (D:R -> Prop) (x:R),
    (exists y : R, (fun z1 z2:R => f z1 z2 /\ D z1) x y) ->
    intersection_domain (ind f) D x.
Proof.
  intros; elim H; intros; unfold intersection_domain; elim H0; intros;
    split.
  apply (cond_fam f0); exists x0; assumption.
  assumption.
Qed.

Definition subfamily (f:family) (D:R -> Prop) : family :=
  mkfamily (intersection_domain (ind f) D) (fun x y:R => f x y /\ D x)
  (restriction_family f D).

Definition compact (X:R -> Prop) : Prop :=
  forall f:family,
    covering_open_set X f ->
    exists D : R -> Prop, covering_finite X (subfamily f D).

(**********)
Lemma family_P1 :
  forall (f:family) (D:R -> Prop),
    family_open_set f -> family_open_set (subfamily f D).
Proof.
  unfold family_open_set; intros; unfold subfamily;
    simpl; assert (H0 := classic (D x)).
  elim H0; intro.
  cut (open_set (f0 x) -> open_set (fun y:R => f0 x y /\ D x)).
  intro; apply H2; apply H.
  unfold open_set; unfold neighbourhood; intros; elim H3;
    intros; assert (H6 := H2 _ H4); elim H6; intros; exists x1;
      unfold included; intros; split.
  apply (H7 _ H8).
  assumption.
  cut (open_set (fun y:R => False) -> open_set (fun y:R => f0 x y /\ D x)).
  intro; apply H2; apply open_set_P4.
  unfold open_set; unfold neighbourhood; intros; elim H3;
    intros; elim H1; assumption.
Qed.

Definition bounded (D:R -> Prop) : Prop :=
  exists m : R, (exists M : R, (forall x:R, D x -> m <= x <= M)).

Lemma open_set_P6 :
  forall D1 D2:R -> Prop, open_set D1 -> D1 =_D D2 -> open_set D2.
Proof.
  unfold open_set; unfold neighbourhood; intros.
  unfold eq_Dom in H0; elim H0; intros.
  assert (H4 := H _ (H3 _ H1)).
  elim H4; intros.
  exists x0; apply included_trans with D1; assumption.
Qed.

(**********)
Lemma compact_P1 : forall X:R -> Prop, compact X -> bounded X.
Proof.
  intros; unfold compact in H; set (D := fun x:R => True);
    set (g := fun x y:R => Rabs y < x);
      cut (forall x:R, (exists y : _, g x y) -> True);
        [ intro | intro; trivial ].
  set (f0 := mkfamily D g H0); assert (H1 := H f0);
    cut (covering_open_set X f0).
  intro; assert (H3 := H1 H2); elim H3; intros D' H4;
    unfold covering_finite in H4; elim H4; intros; unfold family_finite in H6;
      unfold domain_finite in H6; elim H6; intros l H7;
        unfold bounded; set (r := MaxRlist l).
  exists (- r); exists r; intros.
  unfold covering in H5; assert (H9 := H5 _ H8); elim H9; intros;
    unfold subfamily in H10; simpl in H10; elim H10; intros;
      assert (H13 := H7 x0); simpl in H13; cut (intersection_domain D D' x0).
  elim H13; clear H13; intros.
  assert (H16 := H13 H15); unfold g in H11; split.
  cut (x0 <= r).
  intro; cut (Rabs x < r).
  intro; assert (H19 := Rabs_def2 x r H18); elim H19; intros; left; assumption.
  apply Rlt_le_trans with x0; assumption.
  apply (MaxRlist_P1 l x0 H16).
  cut (x0 <= r).
  intro; apply Rle_trans with (Rabs x).
  apply RRle_abs.
  apply Rle_trans with x0.
  left; apply H11.
  assumption.
  apply (MaxRlist_P1 l x0 H16).
  unfold intersection_domain, D; tauto.
  unfold covering_open_set; split.
  unfold covering; intros; simpl; exists (Rabs x + 1);
    unfold g; pattern (Rabs x) at 1; rewrite <- Rplus_0_r;
      apply Rplus_lt_compat_l; apply Rlt_0_1.
  unfold family_open_set; intro; case (Rtotal_order 0 x); intro.
  apply open_set_P6 with (disc 0 (mkposreal _ H2)).
  apply disc_P1.
  unfold eq_Dom; unfold f0; simpl;
    unfold g, disc; split.
  unfold included; intros; unfold Rminus in H3; rewrite Ropp_0 in H3;
    rewrite Rplus_0_r in H3; apply H3.
  unfold included; intros; unfold Rminus; rewrite Ropp_0;
    rewrite Rplus_0_r; apply H3.
  apply open_set_P6 with (fun x:R => False).
  apply open_set_P4.
  unfold eq_Dom; split.
  unfold included; intros; elim H3.
  unfold included, f0; simpl; unfold g; intros; elim H2;
    intro;
      [ rewrite <- H4 in H3; assert (H5 := Rabs_pos x0);
        elim (Rlt_irrefl _ (Rle_lt_trans _ _ _ H5 H3))
        | assert (H6 := Rabs_pos x0); assert (H7 := Rlt_trans _ _ _ H3 H4);
          elim (Rlt_irrefl _ (Rle_lt_trans _ _ _ H6 H7)) ].
Qed.

(**********)
Lemma compact_P2 : forall X:R -> Prop, compact X -> closed_set X.
Proof.
  intros; assert (H0 := closed_set_P1 X); elim H0; clear H0; intros _ H0;
    apply H0; clear H0.
  unfold eq_Dom; split.
  apply adherence_P1.
  unfold included; unfold adherence;
    unfold point_adherent; intros; unfold compact in H;
      assert (H1 := classic (X x)); elim H1; clear H1; intro.
  assumption.
  cut (forall y:R, X y -> 0 < Rabs (y - x) / 2).
  intro; set (D := X);
    set (g := fun y z:R => Rabs (y - z) < Rabs (y - x) / 2 /\ D y);
      cut (forall x:R, (exists y : _, g x y) -> D x).
  intro; set (f0 := mkfamily D g H3); assert (H4 := H f0);
    cut (covering_open_set X f0).
  intro; assert (H6 := H4 H5); elim H6; clear H6; intros D' H6.
  unfold covering_finite in H6; decompose [and] H6;
    unfold covering, subfamily in H7; simpl in H7;
      unfold family_finite, subfamily in H8; simpl in H8;
        unfold domain_finite in H8; elim H8; clear H8; intros l H8;
          set (alp := MinRlist (AbsList l x)); cut (0 < alp).
  intro; assert (H10 := H0 (disc x (mkposreal _ H9)));
    cut (neighbourhood (disc x (mkposreal alp H9)) x).
  intro; assert (H12 := H10 H11); elim H12; clear H12; intros y H12;
    unfold intersection_domain in H12; elim H12; clear H12;
      intros; assert (H14 := H7 _ H13); elim H14; clear H14;
        intros y0 H14; elim H14; clear H14; intros; unfold g in H14;
          elim H14; clear H14; intros; unfold disc in H12; simpl in H12;
            cut (alp <= Rabs (y0 - x) / 2).
  intro; assert (H18 := Rlt_le_trans _ _ _ H12 H17);
    cut (Rabs (y0 - x) < Rabs (y0 - x)).
  intro; elim (Rlt_irrefl _ H19).
  apply Rle_lt_trans with (Rabs (y0 - y) + Rabs (y - x)).
  replace (y0 - x) with (y0 - y + (y - x)); [ apply Rabs_triang | ring ].
  rewrite (double_var (Rabs (y0 - x))); apply Rplus_lt_compat; assumption.
  apply (MinRlist_P1 (AbsList l x) (Rabs (y0 - x) / 2)); apply AbsList_P1;
    elim (H8 y0); clear H8; intros; apply H8; unfold intersection_domain;
      split; assumption.
  assert (H11 := disc_P1 x (mkposreal alp H9)); unfold open_set in H11;
    apply H11.
  unfold disc; unfold Rminus; rewrite Rplus_opp_r;
    rewrite Rabs_R0; apply H9.
  unfold alp; apply MinRlist_P2; intros;
    assert (H10 := AbsList_P2 _ _ _ H9); elim H10; clear H10;
      intros z H10; elim H10; clear H10; intros; rewrite H11;
        apply H2; elim (H8 z); clear H8; intros; assert (H13 := H12 H10);
          unfold intersection_domain, D in H13; elim H13; clear H13;
            intros; assumption.
  unfold covering_open_set; split.
  unfold covering; intros; exists x0; simpl; unfold g;
    split.
  unfold Rminus; rewrite Rplus_opp_r; rewrite Rabs_R0;
    unfold Rminus in H2; apply (H2 _ H5).
  apply H5.
  unfold family_open_set; intro; simpl; unfold g;
    elim (classic (D x0)); intro.
  apply open_set_P6 with (disc x0 (mkposreal _ (H2 _ H5))).
  apply disc_P1.
  unfold eq_Dom; split.
  unfold included, disc; simpl; intros; split.
  rewrite <- (Rabs_Ropp (x0 - x1)); rewrite Ropp_minus_distr; apply H6.
  apply H5.
  unfold included, disc; simpl; intros; elim H6; intros;
    rewrite <- (Rabs_Ropp (x1 - x0)); rewrite Ropp_minus_distr;
      apply H7.
  apply open_set_P6 with (fun z:R => False).
  apply open_set_P4.
  unfold eq_Dom; split.
  unfold included; intros; elim H6.
  unfold included; intros; elim H6; intros; elim H5; assumption.
  intros; elim H3; intros; unfold g in H4; elim H4; clear H4; intros _ H4;
    apply H4.
  intros; unfold Rdiv; apply Rmult_lt_0_compat.
  apply Rabs_pos_lt; apply Rminus_eq_contra; red; intro;
    rewrite H3 in H2; elim H1; apply H2.
  apply Rinv_0_lt_compat; prove_sup0.
Qed.

(**********)
Lemma compact_EMP : compact (fun _:R => False).
Proof.
  unfold compact; intros; exists (fun x:R => False);
    unfold covering_finite; split.
  unfold covering; intros; elim H0.
  unfold family_finite; unfold domain_finite; exists nil; intro.
  split.
  simpl; unfold intersection_domain; intros; elim H0.
  elim H0; clear H0; intros _ H0; elim H0.
  simpl; intro; elim H0.
Qed.

Lemma compact_eqDom :
  forall X1 X2:R -> Prop, compact X1 -> X1 =_D X2 -> compact X2.
Proof.
  unfold compact; intros; unfold eq_Dom in H0; elim H0; clear H0;
    unfold included; intros; assert (H3 : covering_open_set X1 f0).
  unfold covering_open_set; unfold covering_open_set in H1; elim H1;
    clear H1; intros; split.
  unfold covering in H1; unfold covering; intros;
    apply (H1 _ (H0 _ H4)).
  apply H3.
  elim (H _ H3); intros D H4; exists D; unfold covering_finite;
    unfold covering_finite in H4; elim H4; intros; split.
  unfold covering in H5; unfold covering; intros;
    apply (H5 _ (H2 _ H7)).
  apply H6.
Qed.

(** Borel-Lebesgue's lemma *)
Lemma compact_P3 : forall a b:R, compact (fun c:R => a <= c <= b).
Proof.
  intros a b; destruct (Rle_dec a b) as [Hle|Hnle].
  unfold compact; intros f0 (H,H5);
    set
      (A :=
        fun x:R =>
          a <= x <= b /\
          (exists D : R -> Prop,
            covering_finite (fun c:R => a <= c <= x) (subfamily f0 D))).
  cut (A a); [intro H0|].
  cut (bound A); [intro H1|].
  cut (exists a0 : R, A a0); [intro H2|].
  pose proof (completeness A H1 H2) as (m,H3); unfold is_lub in H3.
  cut (a <= m <= b); [intro H4|].
  unfold covering in H; pose proof (H m H4) as (y0,H6).
  unfold family_open_set in H5; pose proof (H5 y0 m H6) as (eps,H8).
  cut (exists x : R, A x /\ m - eps < x <= m);
    [intros (x,((H9 & Dx & H12 & H13),(Hltx,_)))|].
  destruct (Req_dec m b) as [->|H11].
  set (Db := fun x:R => Dx x \/ x = y0); exists Db;
    unfold covering_finite; split.
      unfold covering; intros x0 (H14,H18);
      unfold covering in H12; destruct (Rle_dec x0 x) as [Hle'|Hnle'].
  cut (a <= x0 <= x); [intro H15|].
  pose proof (H12 x0 H15) as (x1 & H16 & H17); exists x1;
    simpl; unfold Db; split; [ apply H16 | left; apply H17 ].
  split; assumption.
  exists y0; simpl; split.
  apply H8; unfold disc;
    rewrite <- Rabs_Ropp, Ropp_minus_distr, Rabs_right.
  apply Rlt_trans with (b - x).
  unfold Rminus; apply Rplus_lt_compat_l, Ropp_lt_gt_contravar;
    auto with real.
  apply Rplus_lt_reg_l with (x - eps);
    replace (x - eps + (b - x)) with (b - eps);
    [ replace (x - eps + eps) with x; [ apply Hltx | ring ] | ring ].
  apply Rge_minus, Rle_ge, H18.
  unfold Db; right; reflexivity.
  unfold family_finite, domain_finite.
      intros; unfold family_finite in H13; unfold domain_finite in H13;
        destruct H13 as (l,H13); exists (cons y0 l);
          intro; split.
  intro H14; simpl in H14; unfold intersection_domain in H14;
    specialize H13 with x0; destruct H13 as (H13,H15);
    destruct (Req_dec x0 y0) as [H16|H16].
  simpl; left; apply H16.
  simpl; right; apply H13.
  simpl; unfold intersection_domain; unfold Db in H14;
    decompose [and or] H14.
  split; assumption.
  elim H16; assumption.
  intro H14; simpl in H14; destruct H14 as [H15|H15]; simpl;
    unfold intersection_domain.
  split.
  apply (cond_fam f0); rewrite H15; exists b; apply H6.
  unfold Db; right; assumption.
  simpl; unfold intersection_domain; elim (H13 x0).
  intros _ H16; assert (H17 := H16 H15); simpl in H17;
    unfold intersection_domain in H17; split.
  elim H17; intros; assumption.
  unfold Db; left; elim H17; intros; assumption.
  set (m' := Rmin (m + eps / 2) b).
  cut (A m'); [intro H7|].
    destruct H3 as (H14,H15); unfold is_upper_bound in H14.
    assert (H16 := H14 m' H7).
      cut (m < m'); [intro H17|].
        elim (Rlt_irrefl _ (Rle_lt_trans _ _ _ H16 H17))...
      unfold m', Rmin; destruct (Rle_dec (m + eps / 2) b) as [Hle'|Hnle'].
        pattern m at 1; rewrite <- Rplus_0_r; apply Rplus_lt_compat_l;
          unfold Rdiv; apply Rmult_lt_0_compat;
          [ apply (cond_pos eps) | apply Rinv_0_lt_compat; prove_sup0 ].
        destruct H4 as (_,[]).
          assumption.
          elim H11; assumption.
  unfold A; split.
  split.
  apply Rle_trans with m.
  elim H4; intros; assumption.
  unfold m'; unfold Rmin; case (Rle_dec (m + eps / 2) b); intro.
  pattern m at 1; rewrite <- Rplus_0_r; apply Rplus_le_compat_l; left;
    unfold Rdiv; apply Rmult_lt_0_compat;
      [ apply (cond_pos eps) | apply Rinv_0_lt_compat; prove_sup0 ].
  destruct H4.
  assumption.
  unfold m'; apply Rmin_r.
  set (Db := fun x:R => Dx x \/ x = y0); exists Db;
    unfold covering_finite; split.
      unfold covering; intros x0 (H14,H18);
      unfold covering in H12; destruct (Rle_dec x0 x) as [Hle'|Hnle'].
  cut (a <= x0 <= x); [intro H15|].
  pose proof (H12 x0 H15) as (x1 & H16 & H17); exists x1;
    simpl; unfold Db; split; [ apply H16 | left; apply H17 ].
  split; assumption.
  exists y0; simpl; split.
  apply H8; unfold disc, Rabs; destruct (Rcase_abs (x0 - m)) as [Hlt|Hge].
  rewrite Ropp_minus_distr; apply Rlt_trans with (m - x).
  unfold Rminus; apply Rplus_lt_compat_l; apply Ropp_lt_gt_contravar;
    auto with real.
  apply Rplus_lt_reg_l with (x - eps);
    replace (x - eps + (m - x)) with (m - eps).
  replace (x - eps + eps) with x.
  assumption.
  ring.
  ring.
  apply Rle_lt_trans with (m' - m).
  unfold Rminus; do 2 rewrite <- (Rplus_comm (- m));
    apply Rplus_le_compat_l; elim H14; intros; assumption.
  apply Rplus_lt_reg_l with m; replace (m + (m' - m)) with m'.
  apply Rle_lt_trans with (m + eps / 2).
  unfold m'; apply Rmin_l.
  apply Rplus_lt_compat_l; apply Rmult_lt_reg_l with 2.
  prove_sup0.
  unfold Rdiv; rewrite <- (Rmult_comm (/ 2)); rewrite <- Rmult_assoc;
    rewrite <- Rinv_r_sym.
  rewrite Rmult_1_l; pattern (pos eps) at 1; rewrite <- Rplus_0_r;
    rewrite double; apply Rplus_lt_compat_l; apply (cond_pos eps).
  discrR.
  ring.
  unfold Db; right; reflexivity.
  unfold family_finite, domain_finite;
    unfold family_finite, domain_finite in H13;
    destruct H13 as (l,H13); exists (cons y0 l);
          intro; split.
  intro H14; simpl in H14; unfold intersection_domain in H14;
    specialize (H13 x0); destruct H13 as (H13,H15);
    destruct (Req_dec x0 y0) as [Heq|Hneq].
  simpl; left; apply Heq.
  simpl; right; apply H13; simpl;
    unfold intersection_domain; unfold Db in H14;
      decompose [and or] H14.
  split; assumption.
  elim Hneq; assumption.
  intros [H15|H15]. split.
  apply (cond_fam f0); rewrite H15; exists m; apply H6.
  unfold Db; right; assumption.
  elim (H13 x0); intros _ H16.
  assert (H17 := H16 H15).
  simpl in H17.
  unfold intersection_domain in H17.
  split.
  elim H17; intros; assumption.
  unfold Db; left; elim H17; intros; assumption.
  elim (classic (exists x : R, A x /\ m - eps < x <= m)); intro H9.
  assumption.
  elim H3; intros H10 H11; cut (is_upper_bound A (m - eps)).
  intro H12; assert (H13 := H11 _ H12); cut (m - eps < m).
  intro H14; elim (Rlt_irrefl _ (Rle_lt_trans _ _ _ H13 H14)).
  pattern m at 2; rewrite <- Rplus_0_r; unfold Rminus;
    apply Rplus_lt_compat_l; apply Ropp_lt_cancel; rewrite Ropp_involutive;
      rewrite Ropp_0; apply (cond_pos eps).
  set (P := fun n:R => A n /\ m - eps < n <= m);
    assert (H12 := not_ex_all_not _ P H9); unfold P in H12;
      unfold is_upper_bound; intros x H13;
        assert (H14 := not_and_or _ _ (H12 x)); elim H14;
          intro H15.
  elim H15; apply H13.
  destruct (not_and_or _ _ H15) as [H16|H16].
  destruct (Rle_dec x (m - eps)) as [H17|H17].
  assumption.
  elim H16; auto with real.
  unfold is_upper_bound in H10; assert (H17 := H10 x H13); elim H16; apply H17.
  elim H3; clear H3; intros.
  unfold is_upper_bound in H3.
  split.
  apply (H3 _ H0).
  clear H5.
  apply (H4 b); unfold is_upper_bound; intros x H5; unfold A in H5; elim H5;
    clear H5; intros H5 _; elim H5; clear H5; intros _ H5;
      apply H5.
  exists a; apply H0.
  unfold bound; exists b; unfold is_upper_bound; intros;
    unfold A in H1; elim H1; clear H1; intros H1 _; elim H1;
      clear H1; intros _ H1; apply H1.
  unfold A; split.
  split; [ right; reflexivity | apply Hle ].
  unfold covering in H; cut (a <= a <= b).
  intro H1; elim (H _ H1); intros y0 H2; set (D' := fun x:R => x = y0); exists D';
    unfold covering_finite; split.
  unfold covering; simpl; intros x H3; cut (x = a).
  intro H4; exists y0; split.
  rewrite H4; apply H2.
  unfold D'; reflexivity.
  elim H3; intros; apply Rle_antisym; assumption.
  unfold family_finite; unfold domain_finite;
    exists (cons y0 nil); intro; split.
  simpl; unfold intersection_domain; intros (H3,H4).
    unfold D' in H4; left; apply H4.
  simpl; unfold intersection_domain; intros [H4|[]].
  split; [ rewrite H4; apply (cond_fam f0); exists a; apply H2 | apply H4 ].
  split; [ right; reflexivity | apply Hle ].
  apply compact_eqDom with (fun c:R => False).
  apply compact_EMP.
  unfold eq_Dom; split.
  unfold included; intros; elim H.
  unfold included; intros; elim H; clear H; intros;
    assert (H1 := Rle_trans _ _ _ H H0); elim Hnle; apply H1.
Qed.

Lemma compact_P4 :
  forall X F:R -> Prop, compact X -> closed_set F -> included F X -> compact F.
Proof.
  unfold compact; intros; elim (classic (exists z : R, F z));
    intro Hyp_F_NE.
  set (D := ind f0); set (g := f f0); unfold closed_set in H0.
  set (g' := fun x y:R => f0 x y \/ complementary F y /\ D x).
  set (D' := D).
  cut (forall x:R, (exists y : R, g' x y) -> D' x).
  intro; set (f' := mkfamily D' g' H3); cut (covering_open_set X f').
  intro; elim (H _ H4); intros DX H5; exists DX.
  unfold covering_finite; unfold covering_finite in H5; elim H5;
    clear H5; intros.
  split.
  unfold covering; unfold covering in H5; intros.
  elim (H5 _ (H1 _ H7)); intros y0 H8; exists y0; simpl in H8; simpl;
    elim H8; clear H8; intros.
  split.
  unfold g' in H8; elim H8; intro.
  apply H10.
  elim H10; intros H11 _; unfold complementary in H11; elim H11; apply H7.
  apply H9.
  unfold family_finite; unfold domain_finite;
    unfold family_finite in H6; unfold domain_finite in H6;
      elim H6; clear H6; intros l H6; exists l; intro; assert (H7 := H6 x);
        elim H7; clear H7; intros.
  split.
  intro; apply H7; simpl; unfold intersection_domain;
    simpl in H9; unfold intersection_domain in H9; unfold D';
      apply H9.
  intro; assert (H10 := H8 H9); simpl in H10; unfold intersection_domain in H10;
    simpl; unfold intersection_domain;
      unfold D' in H10; apply H10.
  unfold covering_open_set; unfold covering_open_set in H2; elim H2;
    clear H2; intros.
  split.
  unfold covering; unfold covering in H2; intros.
  elim (classic (F x)); intro.
  elim (H2 _ H6); intros y0 H7; exists y0; simpl; unfold g';
    left; assumption.
  cut (exists z : R, D z).
  intro; elim H7; clear H7; intros x0 H7; exists x0; simpl;
    unfold g'; right.
  split.
  unfold complementary; apply H6.
  apply H7.
  elim Hyp_F_NE; intros z0 H7.
  assert (H8 := H2 _ H7).
  elim H8; clear H8; intros t H8; exists t; apply (cond_fam f0); exists z0;
    apply H8.
  unfold family_open_set; intro; simpl; unfold g';
    elim (classic (D x)); intro.
  apply open_set_P6 with (union_domain (f0 x) (complementary F)).
  apply open_set_P2.
  unfold family_open_set in H4; apply H4.
  apply H0.
  unfold eq_Dom; split.
  unfold included, union_domain, complementary; intros.
  elim H6; intro; [ left; apply H7 | right; split; assumption ].
  unfold included, union_domain, complementary; intros.
  elim H6; intro; [ left; apply H7 | right; elim H7; intros; apply H8 ].
  apply open_set_P6 with (f0 x).
  unfold family_open_set in H4; apply H4.
  unfold eq_Dom; split.
  unfold included, complementary; intros; left; apply H6.
  unfold included, complementary; intros.
  elim H6; intro.
  apply H7.
  elim H7; intros _ H8; elim H5; apply H8.
  intros; elim H3; intros y0 H4; unfold g' in H4; elim H4; intro.
  apply (cond_fam f0); exists y0; apply H5.
  elim H5; clear H5; intros _ H5; apply H5.
(* Cas ou F est l'ensemble vide *)
  cut (compact F).
  intro; apply (H3 f0 H2).
  apply compact_eqDom with (fun _:R => False).
  apply compact_EMP.
  unfold eq_Dom; split.
  unfold included; intros; elim H3.
  assert (H3 := not_ex_all_not _ _ Hyp_F_NE); unfold included; intros;
    elim (H3 x); apply H4.
Qed.

(**********)
Lemma compact_P5 : forall X:R -> Prop, closed_set X -> bounded X -> compact X.
Proof.
  intros; unfold bounded in H0.
  elim H0; clear H0; intros m H0.
  elim H0; clear H0; intros M H0.
  assert (H1 := compact_P3 m M).
  apply (compact_P4 (fun c:R => m <= c <= M) X H1 H H0).
Qed.

(**********)
Lemma compact_carac :
  forall X:R -> Prop, compact X <-> closed_set X /\ bounded X.
Proof.
  intro; split.
  intro; split; [ apply (compact_P2 _ H) | apply (compact_P1 _ H) ].
  intro; elim H; clear H; intros; apply (compact_P5 _ H H0).
Qed.

Definition image_dir (f:R -> R) (D:R -> Prop) (x:R) : Prop :=
  exists y : R, x = f y /\ D y.

(**********)
Lemma continuity_compact :
  forall (f:R -> R) (X:R -> Prop),
    (forall x:R, continuity_pt f x) -> compact X -> compact (image_dir f X).
Proof.
  unfold compact; intros; unfold covering_open_set in H1.
  elim H1; clear H1; intros.
  set (D := ind f1).
  set (g := fun x y:R => image_rec f0 (f1 x) y).
  cut (forall x:R, (exists y : R, g x y) -> D x).
  intro; set (f' := mkfamily D g H3).
  cut (covering_open_set X f').
  intro; elim (H0 f' H4); intros D' H5; exists D'.
  unfold covering_finite in H5; elim H5; clear H5; intros;
    unfold covering_finite; split.
  unfold covering, image_dir; simpl; unfold covering in H5;
    intros; elim H7; intros y H8; elim H8; intros; assert (H11 := H5 _ H10);
      simpl in H11; elim H11; intros z H12; exists z; unfold g in H12;
        unfold image_rec in H12; rewrite H9; apply H12.
  unfold family_finite in H6; unfold domain_finite in H6;
    unfold family_finite; unfold domain_finite;
      elim H6; intros l H7; exists l; intro; elim (H7 x);
        intros; split; intro.
  apply H8; simpl in H10; simpl; apply H10.
  apply (H9 H10).
  unfold covering_open_set; split.
  unfold covering; intros; simpl; unfold covering in H1;
    unfold image_dir in H1; unfold g; unfold image_rec;
      apply H1.
  exists x; split; [ reflexivity | apply H4 ].
  unfold family_open_set; unfold family_open_set in H2; intro;
    simpl; unfold g;
      cut ((fun y:R => image_rec f0 (f1 x) y) = image_rec f0 (f1 x)).
  intro; rewrite H4.
  apply (continuity_P2 f0 (f1 x) H (H2 x)).
  reflexivity.
  intros; apply (cond_fam f1); unfold g in H3; unfold image_rec in H3; elim H3;
    intros; exists (f0 x0); apply H4.
Qed.

Lemma prolongement_C0 :
  forall (f:R -> R) (a b:R),
    a <= b ->
    (forall c:R, a <= c <= b -> continuity_pt f c) ->
    exists g : R -> R,
      continuity g /\ (forall c:R, a <= c <= b -> g c = f c).
Proof.
  intros; elim H; intro.
  set
    (h :=
      fun x:R =>
        match Rle_dec x a with
          | left _ => f0 a
          | right _ =>
            match Rle_dec x b with
              | left _ => f0 x
              | right _ => f0 b
            end
        end).
  assert (H2 : 0 < b - a).
  apply Rlt_Rminus; assumption.
  exists h; split.
  unfold continuity; intro; case (Rtotal_order x a); intro.
  unfold continuity_pt; unfold continue_in;
    unfold limit1_in; unfold limit_in;
      simpl; unfold R_dist; intros; exists (a - x);
        split.
  change (0 < a - x); apply Rlt_Rminus; assumption.
  intros; elim H5; clear H5; intros _ H5; unfold h.
  case (Rle_dec x a) as [|[]].
  case (Rle_dec x0 a) as [|[]].
  unfold Rminus; rewrite Rplus_opp_r, Rabs_R0; assumption.
  left; apply Rplus_lt_reg_l with (- x);
    do 2 rewrite (Rplus_comm (- x)); apply Rle_lt_trans with (Rabs (x0 - x)).
  apply RRle_abs.
  assumption.
  left; assumption.
  elim H3; intro.
  assert (H5 : a <= a <= b).
  split; [ right; reflexivity | left; assumption ].
  assert (H6 := H0 _ H5); unfold continuity_pt in H6; unfold continue_in in H6;
    unfold limit1_in in H6; unfold limit_in in H6; simpl in H6;
      unfold R_dist in H6; unfold continuity_pt;
        unfold continue_in; unfold limit1_in;
          unfold limit_in; simpl; unfold R_dist;
            intros; elim (H6 _ H7); intros; exists (Rmin x0 (b - a));
              split.
  unfold Rmin; case (Rle_dec x0 (b - a)); intro.
  elim H8; intros; assumption.
  change (0 < b - a); apply Rlt_Rminus; assumption.
  intros; elim H9; clear H9; intros _ H9; cut (x1 < b).
  intro; unfold h; case (Rle_dec x a) as [|[]].
  case (Rle_dec x1 a) as [Hlta|Hnlea].
  unfold Rminus; rewrite Rplus_opp_r; rewrite Rabs_R0; assumption.
  case (Rle_dec x1 b) as [Hleb|[]].
  elim H8; intros; apply H12; split.
  unfold D_x, no_cond; split.
  trivial.
  red; intro; elim Hnlea; right; symmetry ; assumption.
  apply Rlt_le_trans with (Rmin x0 (b - a)).
  rewrite H4 in H9; apply H9.
  apply Rmin_l.
  left; assumption.
  right; assumption.
  apply Rplus_lt_reg_l with (- a); do 2 rewrite (Rplus_comm (- a));
    rewrite H4 in H9; apply Rle_lt_trans with (Rabs (x1 - a)).
  apply RRle_abs.
  apply Rlt_le_trans with (Rmin x0 (b - a)).
  assumption.
  apply Rmin_r.
  case (Rtotal_order x b); intro.
  assert (H6 : a <= x <= b).
  split; left; assumption.
  assert (H7 := H0 _ H6); unfold continuity_pt in H7; unfold continue_in in H7;
    unfold limit1_in in H7; unfold limit_in in H7; simpl in H7;
      unfold R_dist in H7; unfold continuity_pt;
        unfold continue_in; unfold limit1_in;
          unfold limit_in; simpl; unfold R_dist;
            intros; elim (H7 _ H8); intros; elim H9; clear H9;
              intros.
  assert (H11 : 0 < x - a).
  apply Rlt_Rminus; assumption.
  assert (H12 : 0 < b - x).
  apply Rlt_Rminus; assumption.
  exists (Rmin x0 (Rmin (x - a) (b - x))); split.
  unfold Rmin; case (Rle_dec (x - a) (b - x)) as [Hle|Hnle].
  case (Rle_dec x0 (x - a)) as [Hlea|Hnlea].
  assumption.
  assumption.
  case (Rle_dec x0 (b - x)) as [Hleb|Hnleb].
  assumption.
  assumption.
  intros x1 (H13,H14); cut (a < x1 < b).
  intro; elim H15; clear H15; intros; unfold h; case (Rle_dec x a) as [Hle|Hnle].
  elim (Rlt_irrefl _ (Rle_lt_trans _ _ _ Hle H4)).
  case (Rle_dec x b) as [|[]].
  case (Rle_dec x1 a) as [Hle0|].
  elim (Rlt_irrefl _ (Rle_lt_trans _ _ _ Hle0 H15)).
  case (Rle_dec x1 b) as [|[]].
  apply H10; split.
  assumption.
  apply Rlt_le_trans with (Rmin x0 (Rmin (x - a) (b - x))).
  assumption.
  apply Rmin_l.
  left; assumption.
  left; assumption.
  split.
  apply Ropp_lt_cancel; apply Rplus_lt_reg_l with x;
    apply Rle_lt_trans with (Rabs (x1 - x)).
  rewrite <- Rabs_Ropp; rewrite Ropp_minus_distr; apply RRle_abs.
  apply Rlt_le_trans with (Rmin x0 (Rmin (x - a) (b - x))).
  assumption.
  apply Rle_trans with (Rmin (x - a) (b - x)).
  apply Rmin_r.
  apply Rmin_l.
  apply Rplus_lt_reg_l with (- x); do 2 rewrite (Rplus_comm (- x));
    apply Rle_lt_trans with (Rabs (x1 - x)).
  apply RRle_abs.
  apply Rlt_le_trans with (Rmin x0 (Rmin (x - a) (b - x))).
  assumption.
  apply Rle_trans with (Rmin (x - a) (b - x)); apply Rmin_r.
  elim H5; intro.
  assert (H7 : a <= b <= b).
  split; [ left; assumption | right; reflexivity ].
  assert (H8 := H0 _ H7); unfold continuity_pt in H8; unfold continue_in in H8;
    unfold limit1_in in H8; unfold limit_in in H8; simpl in H8;
      unfold R_dist in H8; unfold continuity_pt;
        unfold continue_in; unfold limit1_in;
          unfold limit_in; simpl; unfold R_dist;
            intros; elim (H8 _ H9); intros; exists (Rmin x0 (b - a));
              split.
  unfold Rmin; case (Rle_dec x0 (b - a)); intro.
  elim H10; intros; assumption.
  change (0 < b - a); apply Rlt_Rminus; assumption.
  intros; elim H11; clear H11; intros _ H11; cut (a < x1).
  intro; unfold h; case (Rle_dec x a) as [Hlea|Hnlea].
  elim (Rlt_irrefl _ (Rle_lt_trans _ _ _ Hlea H4)).
  case (Rle_dec x1 a) as [Hlea'|Hnlea'].
  elim (Rlt_irrefl _ (Rle_lt_trans _ _ _ Hlea' H12)).
  case (Rle_dec x b) as [Hleb|Hnleb].
  case (Rle_dec x1 b) as [Hleb'|Hnleb'].
  rewrite H6; elim H10; intros; destruct Hleb'.
  apply H14; split.
  unfold D_x, no_cond; split.
  trivial.
  red; intro; rewrite <- H16 in H15; elim (Rlt_irrefl _ H15).
  rewrite H6 in H11; apply Rlt_le_trans with (Rmin x0 (b - a)).
  apply H11.
  apply Rmin_l.
  rewrite H15; unfold Rminus; rewrite Rplus_opp_r; rewrite Rabs_R0;
    assumption.
  rewrite H6; unfold Rminus; rewrite Rplus_opp_r; rewrite Rabs_R0;
    assumption.
  elim Hnleb; right; assumption.
  rewrite H6 in H11; apply Ropp_lt_cancel; apply Rplus_lt_reg_l with b;
    apply Rle_lt_trans with (Rabs (x1 - b)).
  rewrite <- Rabs_Ropp; rewrite Ropp_minus_distr; apply RRle_abs.
  apply Rlt_le_trans with (Rmin x0 (b - a)).
  assumption.
  apply Rmin_r.
  unfold continuity_pt; unfold continue_in;
    unfold limit1_in; unfold limit_in;
      simpl; unfold R_dist; intros; exists (x - b);
        split.
  change (0 < x - b); apply Rlt_Rminus; assumption.
  intros; elim H8; clear H8; intros.
  assert (H10 : b < x0).
  apply Ropp_lt_cancel; apply Rplus_lt_reg_l with x;
    apply Rle_lt_trans with (Rabs (x0 - x)).
  rewrite <- Rabs_Ropp; rewrite Ropp_minus_distr; apply RRle_abs.
  assumption.
  unfold h; case (Rle_dec x a) as [Hle|Hnle].
  elim (Rlt_irrefl _ (Rle_lt_trans _ _ _ Hle H4)).
  case (Rle_dec x b) as [Hleb|Hnleb].
  elim (Rlt_irrefl _ (Rle_lt_trans _ _ _ Hleb H6)).
  case (Rle_dec x0 a) as [Hlea'|Hnlea'].
  elim (Rlt_irrefl _ (Rlt_trans _ _ _ H1 (Rlt_le_trans _ _ _ H10 Hlea'))).
  case (Rle_dec x0 b) as [Hleb'|Hnleb'].
  elim (Rlt_irrefl _ (Rle_lt_trans _ _ _ Hleb' H10)).
  unfold Rminus; rewrite Rplus_opp_r; rewrite Rabs_R0; assumption.
  intros; elim H3; intros; unfold h; case (Rle_dec c a) as [[|]|].
  elim (Rlt_irrefl _ (Rle_lt_trans _ _ _ H4 H6)).
  rewrite H6; reflexivity.
  case (Rle_dec c b) as [|[]].
  reflexivity.
  assumption.
  exists (fun _:R => f0 a); split.
  apply derivable_continuous; apply (derivable_const (f0 a)).
  intros; elim H2; intros; rewrite H1 in H3; cut (b = c).
  intro; rewrite <- H5; rewrite H1; reflexivity.
  apply Rle_antisym; assumption.
Qed.

(**********)
Lemma continuity_ab_maj :
  forall (f:R -> R) (a b:R),
    a <= b ->
    (forall c:R, a <= c <= b -> continuity_pt f c) ->
    exists Mx : R, (forall c:R, a <= c <= b -> f c <= f Mx) /\ a <= Mx <= b.
Proof.
  intros;
    cut
      (exists g : R -> R,
        continuity g /\ (forall c:R, a <= c <= b -> g c = f0 c)).
  intro HypProl.
  elim HypProl; intros g Hcont_eq.
  elim Hcont_eq; clear Hcont_eq; intros Hcont Heq.
  assert (H1 := compact_P3 a b).
  assert (H2 := continuity_compact g (fun c:R => a <= c <= b) Hcont H1).
  assert (H3 := compact_P2 _ H2).
  assert (H4 := compact_P1 _ H2).
  cut (bound (image_dir g (fun c:R => a <= c <= b))).
  cut (exists x : R, image_dir g (fun c:R => a <= c <= b) x).
  intros; assert (H7 := completeness _ H6 H5).
  elim H7; clear H7; intros M H7; cut (image_dir g (fun c:R => a <= c <= b) M).
  intro; unfold image_dir in H8; elim H8; clear H8; intros Mxx H8; elim H8;
    clear H8; intros; exists Mxx; split.
  intros; rewrite <- (Heq c H10); rewrite <- (Heq Mxx H9); intros;
    rewrite <- H8; unfold is_lub in H7; elim H7; clear H7;
      intros H7 _; unfold is_upper_bound in H7; apply H7;
        unfold image_dir; exists c; split; [ reflexivity | apply H10 ].
  apply H9.
  elim (classic (image_dir g (fun c:R => a <= c <= b) M)); intro.
  assumption.
  cut
    (exists eps : posreal,
      (forall y:R,
        ~
        intersection_domain (disc M eps)
        (image_dir g (fun c:R => a <= c <= b)) y)).
  intro; elim H9; clear H9; intros eps H9; unfold is_lub in H7; elim H7;
    clear H7; intros;
      cut (is_upper_bound (image_dir g (fun c:R => a <= c <= b)) (M - eps)).
  intro; assert (H12 := H10 _ H11); cut (M - eps < M).
  intro; elim (Rlt_irrefl _ (Rle_lt_trans _ _ _ H12 H13)).
  pattern M at 2; rewrite <- Rplus_0_r; unfold Rminus;
    apply Rplus_lt_compat_l; apply Ropp_lt_cancel; rewrite Ropp_0;
      rewrite Ropp_involutive; apply (cond_pos eps).
  unfold is_upper_bound, image_dir; intros; cut (x <= M).
  intro; destruct (Rle_dec x (M - eps)) as [H13|].
  apply H13.
  elim (H9 x); unfold intersection_domain, disc, image_dir; split.
  rewrite <- Rabs_Ropp; rewrite Ropp_minus_distr; rewrite Rabs_right.
  apply Rplus_lt_reg_l with (x - eps);
    replace (x - eps + (M - x)) with (M - eps).
  replace (x - eps + eps) with x.
  auto with real.
  ring.
  ring.
  apply Rge_minus; apply Rle_ge; apply H12.
  apply H11.
  apply H7; apply H11.
  cut
    (exists V : R -> Prop,
      neighbourhood V M /\
      (forall y:R,
        ~ intersection_domain V (image_dir g (fun c:R => a <= c <= b)) y)).
  intro; elim H9; intros V H10; elim H10; clear H10; intros.
  unfold neighbourhood in H10; elim H10; intros del H12; exists del; intros;
    red; intro; elim (H11 y).
  unfold intersection_domain; unfold intersection_domain in H13;
    elim H13; clear H13; intros; split.
  apply (H12 _ H13).
  apply H14.
  cut (~ point_adherent (image_dir g (fun c:R => a <= c <= b)) M).
  intro; unfold point_adherent in H9.
  assert
    (H10 :=
      not_all_ex_not _
      (fun V:R -> Prop =>
        neighbourhood V M ->
        exists y : R,
          intersection_domain V (image_dir g (fun c:R => a <= c <= b)) y) H9).
  elim H10; intros V0 H11; exists V0; assert (H12 := imply_to_and _ _ H11);
    elim H12; clear H12; intros.
  split.
  apply H12.
  apply (not_ex_all_not _ _ H13).
  red; intro; cut (adherence (image_dir g (fun c:R => a <= c <= b)) M).
  intro; elim (closed_set_P1 (image_dir g (fun c:R => a <= c <= b)));
    intros H11 _; assert (H12 := H11 H3).
  elim H8.
  unfold eq_Dom in H12; elim H12; clear H12; intros.
  apply (H13 _ H10).
  apply H9.
  exists (g a); unfold image_dir; exists a; split.
  reflexivity.
  split; [ right; reflexivity | apply H ].
  unfold bound; unfold bounded in H4; elim H4; clear H4; intros m H4;
    elim H4; clear H4; intros M H4; exists M; unfold is_upper_bound;
      intros; elim (H4 _ H5); intros _ H6; apply H6.
  apply prolongement_C0; assumption.
Qed.

(**********)
Lemma continuity_ab_min :
  forall (f:R -> R) (a b:R),
    a <= b ->
    (forall c:R, a <= c <= b -> continuity_pt f c) ->
    exists mx : R, (forall c:R, a <= c <= b -> f mx <= f c) /\ a <= mx <= b.
Proof.
  intros.
  cut (forall c:R, a <= c <= b -> continuity_pt (- f0) c).
  intro; assert (H2 := continuity_ab_maj (- f0)%F a b H H1); elim H2;
    intros x0 H3; exists x0; intros; split.
  intros; rewrite <- (Ropp_involutive (f0 x0));
    rewrite <- (Ropp_involutive (f0 c)); apply Ropp_le_contravar;
      elim H3; intros; unfold opp_fct in H5; apply H5; apply H4.
  elim H3; intros; assumption.
  intros.
  assert (H2 := H0 _ H1).
  apply (continuity_pt_opp _ _ H2).
Qed.

(********************************************************)
(** *      Proof of Bolzano-Weierstrass theorem         *)
(********************************************************)

Definition ValAdh (un:nat -> R) (x:R) : Prop :=
  forall (V:R -> Prop) (N:nat),
    neighbourhood V x ->  exists p : nat, (N <= p)%nat /\ V (un p).

Definition intersection_family (f:family) (x:R) : Prop :=
  forall y:R, ind f y -> f y x.

Lemma ValAdh_un_exists :
  forall (un:nat -> R) (D:=fun x:R =>  exists n : nat, x = INR n)
    (f:=
      fun x:R =>
        adherence
        (fun y:R => (exists p : nat, y = un p /\ x <= INR p) /\ D x))
    (x:R), (exists y : R, f x y) -> D x.
Proof.
  intros; elim H; intros; unfold f in H0; unfold adherence in H0;
    unfold point_adherent in H0;
      assert (H1 : neighbourhood (disc x0 (mkposreal _ Rlt_0_1)) x0).
  unfold neighbourhood, disc; exists (mkposreal _ Rlt_0_1);
    unfold included; trivial.
  elim (H0 _ H1); intros; unfold intersection_domain in H2; elim H2; intros;
    elim H4; intros; apply H6.
Qed.

Definition ValAdh_un (un:nat -> R) : R -> Prop :=
  let D := fun x:R =>  exists n : nat, x = INR n in
    let f :=
      fun x:R =>
        adherence
        (fun y:R => (exists p : nat, y = un p /\ x <= INR p) /\ D x) in
        intersection_family (mkfamily D f (ValAdh_un_exists un)).

Lemma ValAdh_un_prop :
  forall (un:nat -> R) (x:R), ValAdh un x <-> ValAdh_un un x.
Proof.
  intros; split; intro.
  unfold ValAdh in H; unfold ValAdh_un;
    unfold intersection_family; simpl;
      intros; elim H0; intros N H1; unfold adherence;
        unfold point_adherent; intros; elim (H V N H2);
          intros; exists (un x0); unfold intersection_domain;
            elim H3; clear H3; intros; split.
  assumption.
  split.
  exists x0; split; [ reflexivity | rewrite H1; apply (le_INR _ _ H3) ].
  exists N; assumption.
  unfold ValAdh; intros; unfold ValAdh_un in H;
    unfold intersection_family in H; simpl in H;
      assert
        (H1 :
          adherence
          (fun y0:R =>
            (exists p : nat, y0 = un p /\ INR N <= INR p) /\
            (exists n : nat, INR N = INR n)) x).
  apply H; exists N; reflexivity.
  unfold adherence in H1; unfold point_adherent in H1; assert (H2 := H1 _ H0);
    elim H2; intros; unfold intersection_domain in H3;
      elim H3; clear H3; intros; elim H4; clear H4; intros;
        elim H4; clear H4; intros; elim H4; clear H4; intros;
          exists x1; split.
  apply (INR_le _ _ H6).
  rewrite H4 in H3; apply H3.
Qed.

Lemma adherence_P4 :
  forall F G:R -> Prop, included F G -> included (adherence F) (adherence G).
Proof.
  unfold adherence, included; unfold point_adherent; intros;
    elim (H0 _ H1); unfold intersection_domain;
      intros; elim H2; clear H2; intros; exists x0; split;
        [ assumption | apply (H _ H3) ].
Qed.

Definition family_closed_set (f:family) : Prop :=
  forall x:R, closed_set (f x).

Definition intersection_vide_in (D:R -> Prop) (f:family) : Prop :=
  forall x:R,
    (ind f x -> included (f x) D) /\
    ~ (exists y : R, intersection_family f y).

Definition intersection_vide_finite_in (D:R -> Prop)
  (f:family) : Prop := intersection_vide_in D f /\ family_finite f.

(**********)
Lemma compact_P6 :
  forall X:R -> Prop,
    compact X ->
    (exists z : R, X z) ->
    forall g:family,
      family_closed_set g ->
      intersection_vide_in X g ->
      exists D : R -> Prop, intersection_vide_finite_in X (subfamily g D).
Proof.
  intros X H Hyp g H0 H1.
  set (D' := ind g).
  set (f' := fun x y:R => complementary (g x) y /\ D' x).
  assert (H2 : forall x:R, (exists y : R, f' x y) -> D' x).
  intros; elim H2; intros; unfold f' in H3; elim H3; intros; assumption.
  set (f0 := mkfamily D' f' H2).
  unfold compact in H; assert (H3 : covering_open_set X f0).
  unfold covering_open_set; split.
  unfold covering; intros; unfold intersection_vide_in in H1;
    elim (H1 x); intros; unfold intersection_family in H5;
      assert
        (H6 := not_ex_all_not _ (fun y:R => forall y0:R, ind g y0 -> g y0 y) H5 x);
        assert (H7 := not_all_ex_not _ (fun y0:R => ind g y0 -> g y0 x) H6);
          elim H7; intros; exists x0; elim (imply_to_and _ _ H8);
            intros; unfold f0; simpl; unfold f';
              split; [ apply H10 | apply H9 ].
  unfold family_open_set; intro; elim (classic (D' x)); intro.
  apply open_set_P6 with (complementary (g x)).
  unfold family_closed_set in H0; unfold closed_set in H0; apply H0.
  unfold f0; simpl; unfold f'; unfold eq_Dom;
    split.
  unfold included; intros; split; [ apply H4 | apply H3 ].
  unfold included; intros; elim H4; intros; assumption.
  apply open_set_P6 with (fun _:R => False).
  apply open_set_P4.
  unfold eq_Dom; unfold included; split; intros;
    [ elim H4
      | simpl in H4; unfold f' in H4; elim H4; intros; elim H3; assumption ].
  elim (H _ H3); intros SF H4; exists SF;
    unfold intersection_vide_finite_in; split.
  unfold intersection_vide_in; simpl; intros; split.
  intros; unfold included; intros; unfold intersection_vide_in in H1;
    elim (H1 x); intros; elim H6; intros; apply H7.
  unfold intersection_domain in H5; elim H5; intros; assumption.
  assumption.
  elim (classic (exists y : R, intersection_domain (ind g) SF y)); intro Hyp'.
  red; intro; elim H5; intros; unfold intersection_family in H6;
    simpl in H6.
  cut (X x0).
  intro; unfold covering_finite in H4; elim H4; clear H4; intros H4 _;
    unfold covering in H4; elim (H4 x0 H7); intros; simpl in H8;
      unfold intersection_domain in H6; cut (ind g x1 /\ SF x1).
  intro; assert (H10 := H6 x1 H9); elim H10; clear H10; intros H10 _; elim H8;
    clear H8; intros H8 _; unfold f' in H8; unfold complementary in H8;
      elim H8; clear H8; intros H8 _; elim H8; assumption.
  split.
  apply (cond_fam f0).
  exists x0; elim H8; intros; assumption.
  elim H8; intros; assumption.
  unfold intersection_vide_in in H1; elim Hyp'; intros; assert (H8 := H6 _ H7);
    elim H8; intros; cut (ind g x1).
  intro; elim (H1 x1); intros; apply H12.
  apply H11.
  apply H9.
  apply (cond_fam g); exists x0; assumption.
  unfold covering_finite in H4; elim H4; clear H4; intros H4 _;
    cut (exists z : R, X z).
  intro; elim H5; clear H5; intros; unfold covering in H4; elim (H4 x0 H5);
    intros; simpl in H6; elim Hyp'; exists x1; elim H6;
      intros; unfold intersection_domain; split.
  apply (cond_fam f0); exists x0; apply H7.
  apply H8.
  apply Hyp.
  unfold covering_finite in H4; elim H4; clear H4; intros;
    unfold family_finite in H5; unfold domain_finite in H5;
      unfold family_finite; unfold domain_finite;
        elim H5; clear H5; intros l H5; exists l; intro; elim (H5 x);
          intros; split; intro;
            [ apply H6; simpl; simpl in H8; apply H8 | apply (H7 H8) ].
Qed.

Theorem Bolzano_Weierstrass :
  forall (un:nat -> R) (X:R -> Prop),
    compact X -> (forall n:nat, X (un n)) ->  exists l : R, ValAdh un l.
Proof.
  intros; cut (exists l : R, ValAdh_un un l).
  intro; elim H1; intros; exists x; elim (ValAdh_un_prop un x); intros;
    apply (H4 H2).
  assert (H1 :  exists z : R, X z).
  exists (un 0%nat); apply H0.
  set (D := fun x:R =>  exists n : nat, x = INR n).
  set
    (g :=
      fun x:R =>
        adherence (fun y:R => (exists p : nat, y = un p /\ x <= INR p) /\ D x)).
  assert (H2 : forall x:R, (exists y : R, g x y) -> D x).
  intros; elim H2; intros; unfold g in H3; unfold adherence in H3;
    unfold point_adherent in H3.
  assert (H4 : neighbourhood (disc x0 (mkposreal _ Rlt_0_1)) x0).
  unfold neighbourhood; exists (mkposreal _ Rlt_0_1);
    unfold included; trivial.
  elim (H3 _ H4); intros; unfold intersection_domain in H5; decompose [and] H5;
    assumption.
  set (f0 := mkfamily D g H2).
  assert (H3 := compact_P6 X H H1 f0).
  elim (classic (exists l : R, ValAdh_un un l)); intro.
  assumption.
  cut (family_closed_set f0).
  intro; cut (intersection_vide_in X f0).
  intro; assert (H7 := H3 H5 H6).
  elim H7; intros SF H8; unfold intersection_vide_finite_in in H8; elim H8;
    clear H8; intros; unfold intersection_vide_in in H8;
      elim (H8 0); intros _ H10; elim H10; unfold family_finite in H9;
        unfold domain_finite in H9; elim H9; clear H9; intros l H9;
          set (r := MaxRlist l); cut (D r).
  intro; unfold D in H11; elim H11; intros; exists (un x);
    unfold intersection_family; simpl;
      unfold intersection_domain; intros; split.
  unfold g; apply adherence_P1; split.
  exists x; split;
    [ reflexivity
      | rewrite <- H12; unfold r; apply MaxRlist_P1; elim (H9 y); intros;
        apply H14; simpl; apply H13 ].
  elim H13; intros; assumption.
  elim H13; intros; assumption.
  elim (H9 r); intros.
  simpl in H12; unfold intersection_domain in H12; cut (In r l).
  intro; elim (H12 H13); intros; assumption.
  unfold r; apply MaxRlist_P2;
    cut (exists z : R, intersection_domain (ind f0) SF z).
  intro; elim H13; intros; elim (H9 x); intros; simpl in H15;
    assert (H17 := H15 H14); exists x; apply H17.
  elim (classic (exists z : R, intersection_domain (ind f0) SF z)); intro.
  assumption.
  elim (H8 0); intros _ H14; elim H1; intros;
    assert
      (H16 :=
        not_ex_all_not _ (fun y:R => intersection_family (subfamily f0 SF) y) H14);
      assert
        (H17 :=
          not_ex_all_not _ (fun z:R => intersection_domain (ind f0) SF z) H13);
        assert (H18 := H16 x); unfold intersection_family in H18;
          simpl in H18;
            assert
              (H19 :=
                not_all_ex_not _ (fun y:R => intersection_domain D SF y -> g y x /\ SF y)
                H18); elim H19; intros; assert (H21 := imply_to_and _ _ H20);
              elim (H17 x0); elim H21; intros; assumption.
  unfold intersection_vide_in; intros; split.
  intro; simpl in H6; unfold f0; simpl; unfold g;
    apply included_trans with (adherence X).
  apply adherence_P4.
  unfold included; intros; elim H7; intros; elim H8; intros; elim H10;
    intros; rewrite H11; apply H0.
  apply adherence_P2; apply compact_P2; assumption.
  apply H4.
  unfold family_closed_set; unfold f0; simpl;
    unfold g; intro; apply adherence_P3.
Qed.

(********************************************************)
(** *            Proof of Heine's theorem               *)
(********************************************************)

Definition uniform_continuity (f:R -> R) (X:R -> Prop) : Prop :=
  forall eps:posreal,
    exists delta : posreal,
      (forall x y:R,
        X x -> X y -> Rabs (x - y) < delta -> Rabs (f x - f y) < eps).

Lemma is_lub_u :
  forall (E:R -> Prop) (x y:R), is_lub E x -> is_lub E y -> x = y.
Proof.
  unfold is_lub; intros; elim H; elim H0; intros; apply Rle_antisym;
    [ apply (H4 _ H1) | apply (H2 _ H3) ].
Qed.

Lemma domain_P1 :
  forall X:R -> Prop,
    ~ (exists y : R, X y) \/
    (exists y : R, X y /\ (forall x:R, X x -> x = y)) \/
    (exists x : R, (exists y : R, X x /\ X y /\ x <> y)).
Proof.
  intro; elim (classic (exists y : R, X y)); intro.
  right; elim H; intros; elim (classic (exists y : R, X y /\ y <> x)); intro.
  right; elim H1; intros; elim H2; intros; exists x; exists x0; intros.
  split;
    [ assumption
      | split; [ assumption | apply (not_eq_sym (A:=R)); assumption ] ].
  left; exists x; split.
  assumption.
  intros; case (Req_dec x0 x); intro.
  assumption.
  elim H1; exists x0; split; assumption.
  left; assumption.
Qed.

Theorem Heine :
  forall (f:R -> R) (X:R -> Prop),
    compact X ->
    (forall x:R, X x -> continuity_pt f x) -> uniform_continuity f X.
Proof.
  intros f0 X H0 H; elim (domain_P1 X); intro Hyp.
(* X is empty *)
  unfold uniform_continuity; intros; exists (mkposreal _ Rlt_0_1);
    intros; elim Hyp; exists x; assumption.
  elim Hyp; clear Hyp; intro Hyp.
(* X has only one element *)
  unfold uniform_continuity; intros; exists (mkposreal _ Rlt_0_1);
    intros; elim Hyp; clear Hyp; intros; elim H4; clear H4;
      intros; assert (H6 := H5 _ H1); assert (H7 := H5 _ H2);
        rewrite H6; rewrite H7; unfold Rminus; rewrite Rplus_opp_r;
          rewrite Rabs_R0; apply (cond_pos eps).
(* X has at least two distinct elements *)
  assert
    (X_enc :
      exists m : R, (exists M : R, (forall x:R, X x -> m <= x <= M) /\ m < M)).
  assert (H1 := compact_P1 X H0); unfold bounded in H1; elim H1; intros;
    elim H2; intros; exists x; exists x0; split.
  apply H3.
  elim Hyp; intros; elim H4; intros; decompose [and] H5;
    assert (H10 := H3 _ H6); assert (H11 := H3 _ H8);
      elim H10; intros; elim H11; intros;
      destruct (total_order_T x x0) as [[|H15]|H15].
  assumption.
  rewrite H15 in H13, H7; elim H9; apply Rle_antisym;
    apply Rle_trans with x0; assumption.
  elim (Rlt_irrefl _ (Rle_lt_trans _ _ _ (Rle_trans _ _ _ H13 H14) H15)).
  elim X_enc; clear X_enc; intros m X_enc; elim X_enc; clear X_enc;
    intros M X_enc; elim X_enc; clear X_enc Hyp; intros X_enc Hyp;
      unfold uniform_continuity; intro;
        assert (H1 : forall t:posreal, 0 < t / 2).
  intro; unfold Rdiv; apply Rmult_lt_0_compat;
    [ apply (cond_pos t) | apply Rinv_0_lt_compat; prove_sup0 ].
  set
    (g :=
      fun x y:R =>
        X x /\
        (exists del : posreal,
          (forall z:R, Rabs (z - x) < del -> Rabs (f0 z - f0 x) < eps / 2) /\
          is_lub
          (fun zeta:R =>
            0 < zeta <= M - m /\
            (forall z:R, Rabs (z - x) < zeta -> Rabs (f0 z - f0 x) < eps / 2))
          del /\ disc x (mkposreal (del / 2) (H1 del)) y)).
  assert (H2 : forall x:R, (exists y : R, g x y) -> X x).
  intros; elim H2; intros; unfold g in H3; elim H3; clear H3; intros H3 _;
    apply H3.
  set (f' := mkfamily X g H2); unfold compact in H0;
    assert (H3 : covering_open_set X f').
  unfold covering_open_set; split.
  unfold covering; intros; exists x; simpl; unfold g;
    split.
  assumption.
  assert (H4 := H _ H3); unfold continuity_pt in H4; unfold continue_in in H4;
    unfold limit1_in in H4; unfold limit_in in H4; simpl in H4;
      unfold R_dist in H4; elim (H4 (eps / 2) (H1 eps));
        intros;
          set
            (E :=
              fun zeta:R =>
                0 < zeta <= M - m /\
                (forall z:R, Rabs (z - x) < zeta -> Rabs (f0 z - f0 x) < eps / 2));
            assert (H6 : bound E).
  unfold bound; exists (M - m); unfold is_upper_bound;
    unfold E; intros; elim H6; clear H6; intros H6 _;
      elim H6; clear H6; intros _ H6; apply H6.
  assert (H7 :  exists x : R, E x).
  elim H5; clear H5; intros; exists (Rmin x0 (M - m)); unfold E; intros;
    split.
  split.
  unfold Rmin; case (Rle_dec x0 (M - m)); intro.
  apply H5.
  apply Rlt_Rminus; apply Hyp.
  apply Rmin_r.
  intros; case (Req_dec x z); intro.
  rewrite H9; unfold Rminus; rewrite Rplus_opp_r; rewrite Rabs_R0;
    apply (H1 eps).
  apply H7; split.
  unfold D_x, no_cond; split; [ trivial | assumption ].
  apply Rlt_le_trans with (Rmin x0 (M - m)); [ apply H8 | apply Rmin_l ].
  destruct (completeness _ H6 H7) as (x1,p).
    cut (0 < x1 <= M - m).
  intros (H8,H9); exists (mkposreal _ H8); split.
  intros; cut (exists alp : R, Rabs (z - x) < alp <= x1 /\ E alp).
  intros; elim H11; intros; elim H12; clear H12; intros; unfold E in H13;
    elim H13; intros; apply H15.
  elim H12; intros; assumption.
  elim (classic (exists alp : R, Rabs (z - x) < alp <= x1 /\ E alp)); intro.
  assumption.
  assert
    (H12 :=
      not_ex_all_not _ (fun alp:R => Rabs (z - x) < alp <= x1 /\ E alp) H11);
    unfold is_lub in p; elim p; intros; cut (is_upper_bound E (Rabs (z - x))).
  intro; assert (H16 := H14 _ H15);
    elim (Rlt_irrefl _ (Rlt_le_trans _ _ _ H10 H16)).
--> --------------------

--> maximum size reached

--> --------------------

¤ Dauer der Verarbeitung: 0.87 Sekunden (vorverarbeitet) ¤

Download des Quellennavigators
Download des sprechenden Kalenders
in der Quellcodebibliothek suchen

Haftungshinweis

Die Informationen auf dieser Webseite wurden nach bestem Wissen sorgfältig zusammengestellt. Es wird jedoch weder Vollständigkeit, noch Richtigkeit, noch Qualität der bereit gestellten Informationen zugesichert.

Bemerkung:

Die farbliche Syntaxdarstellung ist noch experimentell.