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<!-- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. --> <!DOCTYPE document [ <!ENTITY project SYSTEM "project.xml"> ]> <document url="http.html"> &project; <properties> <author email="[email protected]">Craig R. McClanahan</author> <author email="[email protected]">Yoav Shapira</author> <title>The HTTP Connector</title> </properties> <body> <section name="Table of Contents"> <toc/> </section> <section name="Introduction"> <p>The <strong>HTTP Connector</strong> element represents a <strong>Connector</strong> component that supports the HTTP/1.1 protocol. It enables Catalina to function as a stand-alone web server, in addition to its ability to execute servlets and JSP pages. A particular instance of this component listens for connections on a specific TCP port number on the server. One or more such <strong>Connectors</strong> can be configured as part of a single <a href="service.html">Service</a>, each forwarding to the associated <a href="engine.html">Engine</a> to perform request processing and create the response.</p> <p>If you wish to configure the <strong>Connector</strong> that is used for connections to web servers using the AJP protocol (such as the <code>mod_jk 1.2.x</code> connector for Apache 1.3), please refer to the <a href="ajp.html">AJP Connector</a> documentation.</p> <p>Each incoming, non-asynchronous request requires a thread for the duration of that request. If more simultaneous requests are received than can be handled by the currently available request processing threads, additional threads will be created up to the configured maximum (the value of the <code>maxThreads</code> attribute). If still more simultaneous requests are received, Tomcat will accept new connections until the current number of connections reaches <code>maxConnections</code>. Connections are queued inside the server socket created by the <strong>Connector</strong> until a thread becomes available to process the connection. Once <code>maxConnections</code> has been reached the operating system will queue further connections. The size of the operating system provided connection queue may be controlled by the <code>acceptCount</code> attribute. If the operating system queue fills, further connection requests may be refused or may time out.</p> </section> <section name="Attributes"> <subsection name="Common Attributes"> <p>All implementations of <strong>Connector</strong> support the following attributes:</p> <attributes> <attribute name="allowBackslash" required="false"> <p>If this is <code>true</code> the '\' character will be permitted as a path delimiter.</p> <p>If not specified, the default value of <code>false</code> will be used.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="allowTrace" required="false"> <p>A boolean value which can be used to enable or disable the TRACE HTTP method. If not specified, this attribute is set to false. As per RFC 7231 section 4.3.8, cookie and authorization headers will be excluded from the response to the TRACE request. If you wish to include these, you can implement the <code>doTrace()</code> method for the target Servlet and gain full control over the response.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="asyncTimeout" required="false"> <p>The default timeout for asynchronous requests in milliseconds. If not specified, this attribute is set to the Servlet specification default of 30000 (30 seconds).</p> </attribute> <attribute name="discardFacades" required="false"> <p>A boolean value which can be used to enable or disable the recycling of the facade objects that isolate the container internal request processing objects. If set to <code>true</code> the facades will be set for garbage collection after every request, otherwise they will be reused. This setting has no effect when the security manager is enabled. If not specified, this attribute is set to <code>true</code>.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="enableLookups" required="false"> <p>Set to <code>true</code> if you want calls to <code>request.getRemoteHost()</code> to perform DNS lookups in order to return the actual host name of the remote client. Set to <code>false</code> to skip the DNS lookup and return the IP address in String form instead (thereby improving performance). By default, DNS lookups are disabled.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="encodedSolidusHandling" required="false"> <p>When set to <code>reject</code> request paths containing a <code>%2f</code> sequence will be rejected with a 400 response. When set to <code>decode</code> request paths containing a <code>%2f</code> sequence will have that sequence decoded to <code>/</code> at the same time other <code>%nn</code> sequences are decoded. When set to <code>passthrough</code> request paths containing a <code>%2f</code> sequence will be processed with the <code>%2f</code> sequence unchanged. If not specified the default value is <code>reject</code>.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="enforceEncodingInGetWriter" required="false"> <p>If this is <code>true</code> then a call to <code>Response.getWriter()</code> if no character encoding has been specified will result in subsequent calls to <code>Response.getCharacterEncoding()</code> returning <code>ISO-8859-1</code> and the <code>Content-Type</code> response header will include a <code>charset=ISO-8859-1</code> component. (SRV.15.2.22.1)</p> <p>If not specified, the default specification compliant value of <code>true</code> will be used.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="maxCookieCount" required="false"> <p>The maximum number of cookies that are permitted for a request. A value of less than zero means no limit. If not specified, a default value of 200 will be used.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="maxParameterCount" required="false"> <p>The maximum total number of request parameters (including uploaded files) obtained from the query string and, for POST requests, the request body if the content type is <code>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</code> or <code>multipart/form-data</code>. Request parameters beyond this limit will be ignored. A value of less than 0 means no limit. If not specified, a default of 10000 is used. Note that <code>FailedRequestFilter</code> <a href="filter.html">filter</a> can be used to reject requests that exceed the limit.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="maxPostSize" required="false"> <p>The maximum size in bytes of the POST which will be handled by the container FORM URL parameter parsing. The limit can be disabled by setting this attribute to a value less than zero. If not specified, this attribute is set to 2097152 (2 MiB). Note that the <a href="filter.html#Failed_Request_Filter"><code>FailedRequestFilter</code></a> can be used to reject requests that exceed this limit.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="maxSavePostSize" required="false"> <p>The maximum size in bytes of the request body which will be saved/buffered by the container during FORM or CLIENT-CERT authentication or during HTTP/1.1 upgrade. For both types of authentication, the request body will be saved/buffered before the user is authenticated. For CLIENT-CERT authentication, the request body is buffered for the duration of the SSL handshake and the buffer emptied when the request is processed. For FORM authentication the POST is saved whilst the user is re-directed to the login form and is retained until the user successfully authenticates or the session associated with the authentication request expires. For HTTP/1.1 upgrade, the request body is buffered for the duration of the upgrade process. The limit can be disabled by setting this attribute to -1. Setting the attribute to zero will disable the saving of the request body data during authentication and HTTP/1.1 upgrade. If not specified, this attribute is set to 4096 (4 kilobytes).</p> </attribute> <attribute name="parseBodyMethods" required="false"> <p>A comma-separated list of HTTP methods for which request bodies using <code>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</code> will be parsed for request parameters identically to POST. This is useful in RESTful applications that want to support POST-style semantics for PUT requests. Note that any setting other than <code>POST</code> causes Tomcat to behave in a way that goes against the intent of the servlet specification. The HTTP method TRACE is specifically forbidden here in accordance with the HTTP specification. The default is <code>POST</code></p> </attribute> <attribute name="port" required="true"> <p>The TCP port number on which this <strong>Connector</strong> will create a server socket and await incoming connections. Your operating system will allow only one server application to listen to a particular port number on a particular IP address. If the special value of 0 (zero) is used, then Tomcat will select a free port at random to use for this connector. This is typically only useful in embedded and testing applications.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="protocol" required="false"> <p>Sets the protocol to handle incoming traffic. The default value is <code>HTTP/1.1</code> which uses a Java NIO based connector.<br/> To use an explicit protocol, the following values may be used:<br/> <code>org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol</code> - non blocking Java NIO connector<br/> <code>org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Nio2Protocol</code> - non blocking Java NIO2 connector<br/> Custom implementations may also be used.<br/> Take a look at our <a href="#Connector_Comparison">Connector Comparison</a> chart. The configuration for Java connectors is identical, for http and https. </p> </attribute> <attribute name="proxyName" required="false"> <p>If this <strong>Connector</strong> is being used in a proxy configuration, configure this attribute to specify the server name to be returned for calls to <code>request.getServerName()</code>. See <a href="#Proxy_Support">Proxy Support</a> for more information.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="proxyPort" required="false"> <p>If this <strong>Connector</strong> is being used in a proxy configuration, configure this attribute to specify the server port to be returned for calls to <code>request.getServerPort()</code>. See <a href="#Proxy_Support">Proxy Support</a> for more information.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="redirectPort" required="false"> <p>If this <strong>Connector</strong> is supporting non-SSL requests, and a request is received for which a matching <code><security-constraint></code> requires SSL transport, Catalina will automatically redirect the request to the port number specified here.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="rejectSuspiciousURIs" required="false"> <p>Should this <strong>Connector</strong> reject a requests if the URI matches one of the suspicious URIs patterns identified by the Servlet 6.0 specification? The default value is <code>false</code>.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="scheme" required="false"> <p>Set this attribute to the name of the protocol you wish to have returned by calls to <code>request.getScheme()</code>. For example, you would set this attribute to " https"for an SSL Connector. The default value is " http".</p> </attribute> <attribute name="secure" required="false"> <p>Set this attribute to <code>true</code> if you wish to have calls to <code>request.isSecure()</code> to return <code>true</code> for requests received by this Connector. You would want this on an SSL Connector or a non SSL connector that is receiving data from a SSL accelerator, like a crypto card, an SSL appliance or even a webserver. The default value is <code>false</code>.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="URIEncoding" required="false"> <p>This specifies the character encoding used to decode the URI bytes, after %xx decoding the URL. The default value is <code>UTF-8</code>.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="useBodyEncodingForURI" required="false"> <p>This specifies if the encoding specified in contentType should be used for URI query parameters, instead of using the URIEncoding. This setting is present for compatibility with Tomcat 4.1.x, where the encoding specified in the contentType, or explicitly set using Request.setCharacterEncoding method was also used for the parameters from the URL. The default value is <code>false</code>. </p> <p><strong>Notes:</strong> 1) This setting is applied only to the query string of a request. Unlike <code>URIEncoding</code> it does not affect the path portion of a request URI. 2) If request character encoding is not known (is not provided by a browser and is not set by <code>SetCharacterEncodingFilter</code> or a similar filter using Request.setCharacterEncoding method), the default encoding is always "ISO-8859-1". The <code>URIEncoding</code> setting has no effect on this default. </p> </attribute> <attribute name="useIPVHosts" required="false"> <p>Set this attribute to <code>true</code> to cause Tomcat to use the IP address that the request was received on to determine the Host to send the request to. The default value is <code>false</code>.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="xpoweredBy" required="false"> <p>Set this attribute to <code>true</code> to cause Tomcat to advertise support for the Servlet specification using the header recommended in the specification. The default value is <code>false</code>.</p> </attribute> </attributes> </subsection> <subsection name="Standard Implementation"> <p>The standard HTTP connectors (NIO and NIO2) all support the following attributes in addition to the common Connector attributes listed above.</p> <attributes> <attribute name="acceptCount" required="false"> <p>The maximum length of the operating system provided queue for incoming connection requests when <code>maxConnections</code> has been reached. The operating system may ignore this setting and use a different size for the queue. When this queue is full, the operating system may actively refuse additional connections or those connections may time out. The default value is 100.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="acceptorThreadPriority" required="false"> <p>The priority of the acceptor thread. The thread used to accept new connections. The default value is <code>5</code> (the value of the <code>java.lang.Thread.NORM_PRIORITY</code> constant). See the JavaDoc for the <code>java.lang.Thread</code> class for more details on what this priority means.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="address" required="false"> <p>For servers with more than one IP address, this attribute specifies which address will be used for listening on the specified port. By default, the connector will listen all local addresses. Unless the JVM is configured otherwise using system properties, the Java based connectors (NIO, NIO2) will listen on both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses when configured with either <code>0.0.0.0</code> or <code>::</code>.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="allowHostHeaderMismatch" required="false"> <p>By default Tomcat will reject requests that specify a host in the request line but specify a different host in the host header. This check can be disabled by setting this attribute to <code>true</code>. If not specified, the default is <code>false</code>. <br/> This setting will be removed in Tomcat 11 onwards where it will be hard-coded to <code>false</code>.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="allowedTrailerHeaders" required="false"> <p>By default Tomcat will ignore all trailer headers when processing chunked input. For a header to be processed, it must be added to this comma-separated list of header names.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="bindOnInit" required="false"> <p>Controls when the socket used by the connector is bound. If set to <code>true</code> it is bound when the connector is initiated and unbound when the connector is destroyed. If set to <code>false</code>, the socket will be bound when the connector is started and unbound when it is stopped. If not specified, the default is <code>true</code>.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="clientCertProvider" required="false"> <p>When client certificate information is presented in a form other than instances of <code>java.security.cert.X509Certificate</code> it needs to be converted before it can be used and this property controls which JSSE provider is used to perform the conversion.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="compressibleMimeType" required="false"> <p>The value is a comma separated list of MIME types for which HTTP compression may be used. The default value is <code> text/html,text/xml,text/plain,text/css,text/javascript,application/javascript,ap </code>. If you specify a type explicitly, the default is over-ridden.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="compression" required="false"> <p>The <strong>Connector</strong> may use HTTP/1.1 GZIP compression in an attempt to save server bandwidth. The acceptable values for the parameter is "off" (disable compression), "on" (allow compression, which causes text data to be compressed), "force" (forces compression in all cases), or a numerical integer value (which is equivalent to "on", but specifies the minimum amount of data before the output is compressed). If the content-length is not known and compression is set to "on" or more aggressive, the output will also be compressed. If not specified, this attribute is set to "off".</p> <p><em>Note</em>: There is a tradeoff between using compression (saving your bandwidth) and using the sendfile feature (saving your CPU cycles). If the connector supports the sendfile feature, e.g. the NIO connector, using sendfile will take precedence over compression. The symptoms will be that static files greater that 48 KiB will be sent uncompressed. You can turn off sendfile by setting <code>useSendfile</code> attribute of the connector, as documented below, or change the sendfile usage threshold in the configuration of the <a href="../default-servlet.html">DefaultServlet</a> in the default <code>conf/web.xml</code> or in the <code>web.xml</code> of your web application. </p> </attribute> <attribute name="compressionMinSize" required="false"> <p>If <strong>compression</strong> is set to "on" then this attribute may be used to specify the minimum amount of data before the output is compressed. If not specified, this attribute is defaults to "2048". Units are in bytes.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="connectionLinger" required="false"> <p>The number of seconds during which the sockets used by this <strong>Connector</strong> will linger when they are closed. The default value is <code>-1</code> which disables socket linger.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="connectionTimeout" required="false"> <p>The number of milliseconds this <strong>Connector</strong> will wait, after accepting a connection, for the request URI line to be presented. Use a value of -1 to indicate no (i.e. infinite) timeout. The default value is 60000 (i.e. 60 seconds) but note that the standard server.xml that ships with Tomcat sets this to 20000 (i.e. 20 seconds). Unless <strong>disableUploadTimeout</strong> is set to <code>false</code>, this timeout will also be used when reading the request body (if any).</p> </attribute> <attribute name="connectionUploadTimeout" required="false"> <p>Specifies the timeout, in milliseconds, to use while a data upload is in progress. This only takes effect if <strong>disableUploadTimeout</strong> is set to <code>false</code>. </p> </attribute> <attribute name="continueResponseTiming" required="false"> <p>When to respond with a <code>100</code> intermediate response code to a request containing an <code>Expect: 100-continue</code> header. The following values may used: <ul> <li><code>immediately</code> - an intermediate 100 status response will be returned as soon as practical</li> <li><code>onRead</code> - an intermediate 100 status response will be returned only when the Servlet reads the request body, allowing the servlet to inspect the headers and possibly respond before the user agent sends a possibly large request body.</li> </ul> </p> </attribute> <attribute name="defaultSSLHostConfigName" required="false"> <p>The name of the default <strong>SSLHostConfig</strong> that will be used for secure connections (if this connector is configured for secure connections) if the client connection does not provide SNI or if the SNI is provided but does not match any configured <strong>SSLHostConfig</strong>. If not specified the default value of <code>_default_</code> will be used. Provided values are always converted to lower case.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="disableUploadTimeout" required="false"> <p>This flag allows the servlet container to use a different, usually longer connection timeout during data upload. If not specified, this attribute is set to <code>true</code> which disables this longer timeout. </p> </attribute> <attribute name="executor" required="false"> <p>A reference to the name in an <a href="executor.html">Executor</a> element. If this attribute is set, and the named executor exists, the connector will use the executor, and all the other thread attributes will be ignored. Note that if a shared executor is not specified for a connector then the connector will use a private, internal executor to provide the thread pool.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="executorTerminationTimeoutMillis" required="false"> <p>The time that the private internal executor will wait for request processing threads to terminate before continuing with the process of stopping the connector. If not set, the default is <code>5000</code> (5 seconds).</p> </attribute> <attribute name="keepAliveTimeout" required="false"> <p>The number of milliseconds this <strong>Connector</strong> will wait for another HTTP request before closing the connection. The default value is to use the value that has been set for the <strong>connectionTimeout</strong> attribute. Use a value of -1 to indicate no (i.e. infinite) timeout.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="maxConnections" required="false"> <p>The maximum number of connections that the server will accept and process at any given time. When this number has been reached, the server will accept, but not process, one further connection. This additional connection be blocked until the number of connections being processed falls below <strong>maxConnections</strong> at which point the server will start accepting and processing new connections again. Note that once the limit has been reached, the operating system may still accept connections based on the <code>acceptCount</code> setting. The default value is <code>8192</code>.</p> <p>For NIO/NIO2 only, setting the value to -1, will disable the maxConnections feature and connections will not be counted.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="maxExtensionSize" required="false"> <p>Limits the total length of chunk extensions in chunked HTTP requests. If the value is <code>-1</code>, no limit will be imposed. If not specified, the default value of <code>8192</code> will be used.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="maxHeaderCount" required="false"> <p>The maximum number of headers in a request that are allowed by the container. A request that contains more headers than the specified limit will be rejected. A value of less than 0 means no limit. If not specified, a default of 100 is used.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="maxHttpHeaderSize" required="false"> <p>Provides the default value for <strong>maxHttpRequestHeaderSize</strong> and <strong>maxHttpResponseHeaderSize</strong>. If not specified, this attribute is set to 8192 (8 KiB).</p> </attribute> <attribute name="maxHttpRequestHeaderSize" required="false"> <p>The maximum permitted size of the request line and headers associated with an HTTP request, specified in bytes. This is compared to the number of bytes received so includes line terminators and whitespace as well as the request line, header names and header values. If not specified, this attribute is set to the value of the <code>maxHttpHeaderSize</code> attribute.</p> <p>If you see "Request header is too large" errors you can increase this, but be aware that Tomcat will allocate the full amount you specify for every request. For example, if you specify a maxHttpRequestHeaderSize of 1 MB and your application handles 100 concurrent requests, you will see 100 MB of heap consumed by request headers.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="maxHttpResponseHeaderSize" required="false"> <p>The maximum permitted size of the response line and headers associated with an HTTP response, specified in bytes. This is compared to the number of bytes written so includes line terminators and whitespace as well as the status line, header names and header values. If not specified, this attribute is set to the value of the <code>maxHttpHeaderSize</code> attribute.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="maxKeepAliveRequests" required="false"> <p>The maximum number of HTTP requests which can be pipelined until the connection is closed by the server. Setting this attribute to 1 will disable HTTP/1.0 keep-alive, as well as HTTP/1.1 keep-alive and pipelining. Setting this to -1 will allow an unlimited amount of pipelined or keep-alive HTTP requests. If not specified, this attribute is set to 100.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="maxSwallowSize" required="false"> <p>The maximum number of request body bytes (excluding transfer encoding overhead) that will be swallowed by Tomcat for an aborted upload. An aborted upload is when Tomcat knows that the request body is going to be ignored but the client still sends it. If Tomcat does not swallow the body the client is unlikely to see the response. If not specified the default of 2097152 (2 MiB) will be used. A value of less than zero indicates that no limit should be enforced.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="maxThreads" required="false"> <p>The maximum number of request processing threads to be created by this <strong>Connector</strong>, which therefore determines the maximum number of simultaneous requests that can be handled. If not specified, this attribute is set to 200. If an executor is associated with this connector, this attribute is ignored as the connector will execute tasks using the executor rather than an internal thread pool. Note that if an executor is configured any value set for this attribute will be recorded correctly but it will be reported (e.g. via JMX) as <code>-1</code> to make clear that it is not used.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="maxTrailerSize" required="false"> <p>Limits the total length of trailing headers in the last chunk of a chunked HTTP request. If the value is <code>-1</code>, no limit will be imposed. If not specified, the default value of <code>8192</code> will be used.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="minSpareThreads" required="false"> <p>The minimum number of threads always kept running. This includes both active and idle threads. If not specified, the default of <code>10</code> is used. If an executor is associated with this connector, this attribute is ignored as the connector will execute tasks using the executor rather than an internal thread pool. Note that if an executor is configured any value set for this attribute will be recorded correctly but it will be reported (e.g. via JMX) as <code>-1</code> to make clear that it is not used.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="noCompressionUserAgents" required="false"> <p>The value is a regular expression (using <code>java.util.regex</code>) matching the <code>user-agent</code> header of HTTP clients for which compression should not be used, because these clients, although they do advertise support for the feature, have a broken implementation. The default value is an empty String (regexp matching disabled).</p> </attribute> <attribute name="processorCache" required="false"> <p>The protocol handler caches Processor objects to speed up performance. This setting dictates how many of these objects get cached. <code>-1</code> means unlimited, default is <code>200</code>. If not using Servlet 3.0 asynchronous processing, a good default is to use the same as the maxThreads setting. If using Servlet 3.0 asynchronous processing, a good default is to use the larger of maxThreads and the maximum number of expected concurrent requests (synchronous and asynchronous).</p> </attribute> <attribute name="rejectIllegalHeader" required="false"> <p>If an HTTP request is received that contains an illegal header name or value (e.g. the header name is not a token) this setting determines if the request will be rejected with a 400 response (<code>true</code>) or if the illegal header be ignored (<code>false</code>). The default value is <code>true</code> which will cause the request to be rejected. <br/> This setting will be removed in Tomcat 11 onwards where it will be hard-coded to <code>true</code>.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="relaxedPathChars" required="false"> <p>The <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/rfc/rfc7230.txt">HTTP/1.1 specification</a> requires that certain characters are %nn encoded when used in URI paths. Unfortunately, many user agents including all the major browsers are not compliant with this specification and use these characters in unencoded form. To prevent Tomcat rejecting such requests, this attribute may be used to specify the additional characters to allow. If not specified, no additional characters will be allowed. The value may be any combination of the following characters: <code>" < > [ \ ] ^ ` { | }</code> . Any other characters present in the value will be ignored.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="relaxedQueryChars" required="false"> <p>The <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/rfc/rfc7230.txt">HTTP/1.1 specification</a> requires that certain characters are %nn encoded when used in URI query strings. Unfortunately, many user agents including all the major browsers are not compliant with this specification and use these characters in unencoded form. To prevent Tomcat rejecting such requests, this attribute may be used to specify the additional characters to allow. If not specified, no additional characters will be allowed. The value may be any combination of the following characters: <code>" < > [ \ ] ^ ` { | }</code> . Any other characters present in the value will be ignored.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="restrictedUserAgents" required="false"> <p>The value is a regular expression (using <code>java.util.regex</code>) matching the <code>user-agent</code> header of HTTP clients for which HTTP/1.1 or HTTP/1.0 keep alive should not be used, even if the clients advertise support for these features. The default value is an empty String (regexp matching disabled).</p> </attribute> <attribute name="server" required="false"> <p>Overrides the Server header for the http response. If set, the value for this attribute overrides any Server header set by a web application. If not set, any value specified by the application is used. If the application does not specify a value then no Server header is set.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="serverRemoveAppProvidedValues" required="false"> <p>If <code>true</code>, any Server header set by a web application will be removed. Note that if <strong>server</strong> is set, this attribute is effectively ignored. If not set, the default value of <code>false</code> will be used.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="SSLEnabled" required="false"> <p>Use this attribute to enable SSL traffic on a connector. To turn on SSL handshake/encryption/decryption on a connector set this value to <code>true</code>. The default value is <code>false</code>. When turning this value <code>true</code> you will want to set the <code>scheme</code> and the <code>secure</code> attributes as well to pass the correct <code>request.getScheme()</code> and <code>request.isSecure()</code> values to the servlets See <a href="#SSL_Support">SSL Support</a> for more information. </p> </attribute> <attribute name="tcpNoDelay" required="false"> <p>If set to <code>true</code>, the TCP_NO_DELAY option will be set on the server socket, which improves performance under most circumstances. This is set to <code>true</code> by default.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="threadPriority" required="false"> <p>The priority of the request processing threads within the JVM. The default value is <code>5</code> (the value of the <code>java.lang.Thread.NORM_PRIORITY</code> constant). See the JavaDoc for the <code>java.lang.Thread</code> class for more details on what this priority means. If an executor is associated with this connector, this attribute is ignored as the connector will execute tasks using the executor rather than an internal thread pool. Note that if an executor is configured any value set for this attribute will be recorded correctly but it will be reported (e.g. via JMX) as <code>-1</code> to make clear that it is not used.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="throwOnFailure" required="false"> <p>If the Connector experiences an Exception during a Lifecycle transition should the Exception be rethrown or logged? If not specified, the default of <code>false</code> will be used. Note that the default can be changed by the <code>org.apache.catalina.startup.EXIT_ON_INIT_FAILURE</code> system property.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="useAsyncIO" required="false"> <p>(bool) Use this attribute to enable or disable usage of the asynchronous IO API. The default value is <code>true</code>.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="useKeepAliveResponseHeader" required="false"> <p>(bool) Use this attribute to enable or disable the addition of the <code>Keep-Alive</code> HTTP response header as described in <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-thomson-hybi-http-timeout-03">this Internet-Draft</a>. The default value is <code>true</code>.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="useVirtualThreads" required="false"> <p>(bool) Use this attribute to enable or disable usage of virtual threads with the internal executor. If an executor is associated with this connector, this attribute is ignored. The default value is <code>false</code>.</p> </attribute> </attributes> </subsection> <subsection name="Java TCP socket attributes"> <p>The NIO and NIO2 implementation support the following Java TCP socket attributes in addition to the common Connector and HTTP attributes listed above.</p> <attributes> <attribute name="socket.rxBufSize" required="false"> <p>(int)The socket receive buffer (SO_RCVBUF) size in bytes. JVM default used if not set.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="socket.txBufSize" required="false"> <p>(int)The socket send buffer (SO_SNDBUF) size in bytes. JVM default used if not set. Care should be taken if explicitly setting this value. Very poor performance has been observed on some JVMs with values less than ~8k.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="socket.tcpNoDelay" required="false"> <p>(bool)This is equivalent to standard attribute <strong>tcpNoDelay</strong>.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="socket.soKeepAlive" required="false"> <p>(bool)Boolean value for the socket's keep alive setting (SO_KEEPALIVE). JVM default used if not set.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="socket.ooBInline" required="false"> <p>(bool)Boolean value for the socket OOBINLINE setting. JVM default used if not set.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="socket.soReuseAddress" required="false"> <p>(bool)Boolean value for the sockets reuse address option (SO_REUSEADDR). JVM default used if not set.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="socket.soLingerOn" required="false"> <p>(bool)Boolean value for the sockets so linger option (SO_LINGER). A value for the standard attribute <strong>connectionLinger</strong> that is >=0 is equivalent to setting this to <code>true</code>. A value for the standard attribute <strong>connectionLinger</strong> that is <0 is equivalent to setting this to <code>false</code>. Both this attribute and <code>soLingerTime</code> must be set else the JVM defaults will be used for both.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="socket.soLingerTime" required="false"> <p>(int)Value in seconds for the sockets so linger option (SO_LINGER). This is equivalent to standard attribute <strong>connectionLinger</strong>. Both this attribute and <code>soLingerOn</code> must be set else the JVM defaults will be used for both.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="socket.soTimeout" required="false"> <p>This is equivalent to standard attribute <strong>connectionTimeout</strong>.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="socket.performanceConnectionTime" required="false"> <p>(int)The first value for the performance settings. See <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/net/Socket.html#setPerforma All three performance attributes must be set else the JVM defaults will be used for all three.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="socket.performanceLatency" required="false"> <p>(int)The second value for the performance settings. See <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/net/Socket.html#setPerforma All three performance attributes must be set else the JVM defaults will be used for all three.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="socket.performanceBandwidth" required="false"> <p>(int)The third value for the performance settings. See <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/net/Socket.html#setPerforma All three performance attributes must be set else the JVM defaults will be used for all three.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="socket.unlockTimeout" required="false"> <p>(int) The timeout for a socket unlock. When a connector is stopped, it will try to release the ac The default value is <code>250</code> and the value is in milliseconds</p> </attribute> </attributes> </subsection> <subsection name="NIO specific configuration"> <p>The following attributes are specific to the NIO connector.</p> <attributes> <attribute name="pollerThreadPriority" required="false"> <p>(int)The priority of the poller threads. The default value is <code>5</code> (the value of the <code>java.lang.Thread.NORM_PRIORITY</code> constant). See the JavaDoc for the <code>java.lang.Thread</code> class for more details on what this priority means.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="selectorTimeout" required="false"> <p>(int)The time in milliseconds to timeout on a select() for the poller. This value is important, since connection clean up is done on the same thread, so do not set this value to an extremely high one. The default value is <code>1000</code> milliseconds.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="useSendfile" required="false"> <p>(bool)Use this attribute to enable or disable sendfile capability. The default value is <code>true</code>. Note that the use of sendfile will disable any compression that Tomcat may otherwise have performed on the response.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="socket.directBuffer" required="false"> <p>(bool)Boolean value, whether to use direct ByteBuffers or java mapped ByteBuffers. If <code>true</code> then <code>java.nio.ByteBuffer.allocateDirect()</code> is used to allocate the buffers, if <code>false</code> then <code>java.nio.ByteBuffer.allocate()</code> is used. The default value is <code>false</code>.<br/> When you are using direct buffers, make sure you allocate the appropriate amount of memory for the direct memory space. On Sun's JDK that would be something like <code>-XX:MaxDirectMemorySize=256m</code>. </p> </attribute> <attribute name="socket.directSslBuffer" required="false"> <p>(bool)Boolean value, whether to use direct ByteBuffers or java mapped ByteBuffers for the SSL buffers. If <code>true</code> then <code>java.nio.ByteBuffer.allocateDirect()</code> is used to allocate the buffers, if <code>false</code> then <code>java.nio.ByteBuffer.allocate()</code> is used. The default value is <code>false</code>.<br/> When you are using direct buffers, make sure you allocate the appropriate amount of memory for the direct memory space. On Oracle's JDK that would be something like <code>-XX:MaxDirectMemorySize=256m</code>. </p> </attribute> <attribute name="socket.appReadBufSize" required="false"> <p>(int)Each connection that is opened up in Tomcat get associated with a read ByteBuffer. This attribute controls the size of this buffer. By default this read buffer is sized at <code>8192</code> bytes. For lower concurrency, you can increase this to buffer more data. For an extreme amount of keep alive connections, decrease this number or increase your heap size.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="socket.appWriteBufSize" required="false"> <p>(int)Each connection that is opened up in Tomcat get associated with a write ByteBuffer. This attribute controls the size of this buffer. By default this write buffer is sized at <code>8192</code> bytes. For low concurrency you can increase this to buffer more response data. For an extreme amount of keep alive connections, decrease this number or increase your heap size.<br/> The default value here is pretty low, you should up it if you are not dealing with tens of thousands concurrent connections.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="socket.bufferPool" required="false"> <p>(int)The NIOx connector uses a class called NioXChannel that holds elements linked to a socket. To reduce garbage collection, the NIOx connector caches these channel objects. This value specifies the size of this cache. The default value is <code>-2</code>. Special values are <code>-1</code> for unlimited cache, <code>0</code> for no cache, and <code>-2</code> for a value computed using the bufferPoolSize attribute.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="socket.bufferPoolSize" required="false"> <p>(int)The NioXChannel pool can also be size based, not used object based. If bufferPool is not -2, then this value will not be used.<br/> The value is in bytes except for special values. Special values are <code>-1</code> for unlimited cache, <code>0</code> for no cache, and <code>-2</code> for a value computed as follows:<br/> NioXChannel <code>buffer size = read buffer size + write buffer size</code><br/> SecureNioXChannel <code>buffer size = application read buffer size + application write buffer size + twice the max SNI parse size</code>. If the maximum memory as reported by the runtime is greater than 1GB, then the pool size value is the memory divided by the buffer size. Otherwise, it will be 0. </p> </attribute> <attribute name="socket.processorCache" required="false"> <p>(int)Tomcat will cache SocketProcessor objects to reduce garbage collection. The integer value specifies how many objects to keep in the cache at most. The default is <code>0</code>. Special values are <code>-1</code> for unlimited cache and <code>0</code> for no cache.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="socket.eventCache" required="false"> <p>(int)Tomcat will cache PollerEvent objects to reduce garbage collection. The integer value specifies how many objects to keep in the cache at most. The default is <code>0</code>. Special values are <code>-1</code> for unlimited cache and <code>0</code> for no cache.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="unixDomainSocketPath" required="false"> <p>Where supported, the path to a Unix Domain Socket that this <strong>Connector</strong> will create and await incoming connections. When this is specified, the otherwise mandatory <code>port</code> attribute may be omitted. See <a href="#Unix_Domain_Socket_Support">Unix Domain Socket Support</a> for more information.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="unixDomainSocketPathPermissions" required="false"> <p>Where supported, the posix permissions that will be applied to the to the Unix Domain Socket specified with <code>unixDomainSocketPath</code> above. The permissions are specified as a string of nine characters, in three sets of three: (r)ead, (w)rite and e(x)ecute for owner, group and others respectively. If a permission is not granted, a hyphen is used. If unspecified, the permissions default to <code>rw-rw-rw-</code>.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="useInheritedChannel" required="false"> <p>(bool)Defines if this connector should inherit an inetd/systemd network socket. Only one connector can inherit a network socket. This can option can be used to automatically start Tomcat once a connection request is made to the systemd super daemon's port. The default value is <code>false</code>. See the JavaDoc for the <code>java.nio.channels.spi.SelectorProvider</code> class for more details.</p> </attribute> </attributes> </subsection> <subsection name="NIO2 specific configuration"> <p>The following attributes are specific to the NIO2 connector.</p> <attributes> <attribute name="useSendfile" required="false"> <p>(bool)Use this attribute to enable or disable sendfile capability. The default value is <code>true</code>. Note that the use of sendfile will disable any compression that Tomcat may otherwise have performed on the response.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="socket.directBuffer" required="false"> <p>(bool)Boolean value, whether to use direct ByteBuffers or java mapped ByteBuffers. If <code>true</code> then <code>java.nio.ByteBuffer.allocateDirect()</code> is used to allocate the buffers, if <code>false</code> then <code>java.nio.ByteBuffer.allocate()</code> is used. The default value is <code>false</code>.<br/> When you are using direct buffers, make sure you allocate the appropriate amount of memory for the direct memory space. On Sun's JDK that would be something like <code>-XX:MaxDirectMemorySize=256m</code>. </p> </attribute> <attribute name="socket.directSslBuffer" required="false"> <p>(bool)Boolean value, whether to use direct ByteBuffers or java mapped ByteBuffers for the SSL buffers. If <code>true</code> then <code>java.nio.ByteBuffer.allocateDirect()</code> is used to allocate the buffers, if <code>false</code> then <code>java.nio.ByteBuffer.allocate()</code> is used. The default value is <code>false</code>.<br/> When you are using direct buffers, make sure you allocate the appropriate amount of memory for the direct memory space. On Oracle's JDK that would be something like <code>-XX:MaxDirectMemorySize=256m</code>. </p> </attribute> <attribute name="socket.appReadBufSize" required="false"> <p>(int)Each connection that is opened up in Tomcat get associated with a read ByteBuffer. This attribute controls the size of this buffer. By default this read buffer is sized at <code>8192</code> bytes. For lower concurrency, you can increase this to buffer more data. For an extreme amount of keep alive connections, decrease this number or increase your heap size.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="socket.appWriteBufSize" required="false"> <p>(int)Each connection that is opened up in Tomcat get associated with a write ByteBuffer. This attribute controls the size of this buffer. By default this write buffer is sized at <code>8192</code> bytes. For low concurrency you can increase this to buffer more response data. For an extreme amount of keep alive connections, decrease this number or increase your heap size.<br/> The default value here is pretty low, you should up it if you are not dealing with tens of thousands concurrent connections.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="socket.bufferPool" required="false"> <p>(int)The NIO2 connector uses a class called Nio2Channel that holds elements linked to a socket. To reduce garbage collection, the NIO2 connector caches these channel objects. This value specifies the size of this cache. The default value is <code>500</code>, and represents that the cache will hold 500 Nio2Channel objects. Other values are <code>-1</code> for unlimited cache and <code>0</code> for no cache.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="socket.processorCache" required="false"> <p>(int)Tomcat will cache SocketProcessor objects to reduce garbage collection. The integer value specifies how many objects to keep in the cache at most. The default is <code>0</code>. Other values are <code>-1</code> for unlimited cache and <code>0</code> for no cache.</p> </attribute> </attributes> </subsection> </section> <section name="Nested Components"> <p>Tomcat supports Server Name Indication (SNI). This allows multiple SSL configurations to be associated with a single secure connector with the configuration used for any given connection determined by the host name requested by the client. To facilitate this, the <strong>SSLHostConfig</strong> element was added which can be used to define one of these configurations. Any number of <strong>SSLHostConfig</strong> may be nested in a <strong>Connector</strong>. At the same time, support was added for multiple certificates to be associated with a single <strong>SSLHostConfig</strong>. Each SSL certificate is therefore configured in a <strong>Certificate</strong> element within an <strong>SSLHostConfig</strong>. For further information, see the SSL Support section below.</p> <p>When OpenSSL is providing the TLS implementation, one or more <strong>OpenSSLConfCmd</strong> elements may be nested inside a <strong>OpenSSLConf</strong> element to configure OpenSSL via OpenSSL's <code>SSL_CONF</code> API. A single <strong>OpenSSLConf</strong> element may be nested in a <strong>SSLHostConfig</strong> element. For further information, see the SSL Support section below</p> </section> <section name="Special Features"> <subsection name="HTTP/1.1 and HTTP/1.0 Support"> <p>This <strong>Connector</strong> supports all of the required features of the HTTP/1.1 protocol, as described in RFCs 7230-7235, including persistent connections, pipelining, expectations and chunked encoding. If the client supports only HTTP/1.0 or HTTP/0.9, the <strong>Connector</strong> will gracefully fall back to supporting this protocol as well. No special configuration is required to enable this support. The <strong>Connector</strong> also supports HTTP/1.0 keep-alive.</p> <p>RFC 7230 requires that HTTP servers always begin their responses with the highest HTTP version that they claim to support. Therefore, this <strong>Connector</strong> will always return <code>HTTP/1.1</code> at the beginning of its responses.</p> </subsection> <subsection name="HTTP/2 Support"> <p>HTTP/2 is support is provided for TLS (h2), non-TLS via HTTP upgrade (h2c) and direct HTTP/2 (h2c) connections. To enable HTTP/2 support for an HTTP connector the following <strong>UpgradeProtocol</strong> element must be nested within the <strong>Connector</strong> with a <strong>className</strong> attribute of <code>org.apache.coyote.http2.Http2Protocol</code>.</p> <source><![CDATA[<Connector ... > <UpgradeProtocol className="org.apache.coyote.http2.Http2Protocol" /> </Connector>]]></source> <p>Additional configuration attributes are available. See the <a href="http2.html">HTTP/2 Upgrade Protocol</a> documentation for details.</p> </subsection> <subsection name="Proxy Support"> <p>The <code>proxyName</code> and <code>proxyPort</code> attributes can be used when Tomcat is run behind a proxy server. These attributes modify the values returned to web applications that call the <code>request.getServerName()</code> and <code>request.getServerPort()</code> methods, which are often used to construct absolute URLs for redirects. Without configuring these attributes, the values returned would reflect the server name and port on which the connection from the proxy server was received, rather than the server name and port to whom the client directed the original request.</p> <p>For more information, see the <a href="../proxy-howto.html">Proxy Support How-To</a>.</p> </subsection> <subsection name="Unix Domain Socket Support"> <p>When the <code>unixDomainSocketPath</code> attribute is used, connectors that support Unix Domain Sockets will bind to the socket at the given path. </p> <p>For users of Java 16 and higher, support is provided within the NIO connectors. </p> <p>The socket path is created with read and write permissions for all users. To protect this socket, place it in a directory with suitable permissions appropriately configured to restrict access as required. Alternatively, on platforms that support posix permissions, the permissions on the socket can be set directly with the <code>unixDomainSocketPathPermissions</code> option. </p> <p>Tomcat will automatically remove the socket on server shutdown. If the socket already exists startup will fail. Care must be taken by the administrator to remove the socket after verifying that the socket isn't already being used by an existing Tomcat process.</p> <p>The Unix Domain Socket can be accessed using the <code>--unix-socket</code> option of the <code>curl</code> command line client, and the Unix Domain Socket support in Apache HTTP server's <code>mod_proxy</code> module. </p> </subsection> <subsection name="SSL Support"> <p>You can enable SSL support for a particular instance of this <strong>Connector</strong> by setting the <code>SSLEnabled</code> attribute to <code>true</code>.</p> <p>You will also need to set the <code>scheme</code> and <code>secure</code> attributes to the values <code>https</code> and <code>true</code> respectively, to pass correct information to the servlets.</p> <p>The NIO and NIO2 connectors use either the JSSE Java SSL implementation or an OpenSSL implementation. As far as possible, common configuration attributes are used for both JSSE and OpenSSL.</p> <p>Each secure connector must define at least one <strong>SSLHostConfig</strong>. The names of the <strong>SSLHostConfig</strong> elements must be unique and one of them must match the <code>defaultSSLHostConfigName</code> attribute of the <strong>Connector</strong>.</p> <p>Each <strong>SSLHostConfig</strong> must in turn define at least one <strong>Certificate</strong>. The types of the <strong>Certificate</strong>s must be unique.</p> <p>In addition to the standard TLS related request attributes defined in section 3.10 of the Servlet specification, Tomcat supports a number of additional TLS related attributes. The full list may be found in the <a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-10.1-doc/api/index.html">SSLSupport Javadoc</a>.</p> <p>For more information, see the <a href="../ssl-howto.html">SSL Configuration How-To</a>.</p> </subsection> <subsection name="SSL Support - SSLHostConfig"> <p></p> <attributes> <attribute name="certificateRevocationListFile" required="false"> <p>Name of the file that contains the concatenated certificate revocation lists for the certificate authorities. The format is PEM-encoded. If not defined, client certificates will not be checked against a certificate revocation list (unless an OpenSSL based connector is used and <strong>certificateRevocationListPath</strong> is defined). Relative paths will be resolved against <code>$CATALINA_BASE</code>. JSSE based connectors may also specify a URL for this attribute.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="certificateRevocationListPath" required="false"> <p>OpenSSL only.</p> <p>Name of the directory that contains the certificate revocation lists for the certificate authorities. The format is PEM-encoded. Relative paths will be resolved against <code>$CATALINA_BASE</code>.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="certificateVerification" required="false"> <p>Set to <code>required</code> if you want the SSL stack to require a valid certificate chain from the client before accepting a connection. Set to <code>optional</code> if you want the SSL stack to request a client Certificate, but not fail if one isn't presented. Set to <code>optionalNoCA</code> if you want client certificates to be optional and you don't want Tomcat to check them against the list of trusted CAs. If the TLS provider doesn't support this option (OpenSSL does, JSSE does not) it is treated as if <code>optional</code> was specified. If <code>optionalNoCA</code> is configured then OCSP will also be disabled. <code>none</code> value (which is the default) will not require a certificate chain unless the client requests a resource protected by a security constraint that uses <code>CLIENT-CERT</code> authentication.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="certificateVerificationDepth" required="false"> <p>The maximum number of intermediate certificates that will be allowed when validating client certificates. If not specified, the default value of 10 will be used.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="caCertificateFile" required="false"> <p>OpenSSL only.</p> <p>Name of the file that contains the concatenated certificates for the trusted certificate authorities. The format is PEM-encoded.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="caCertificatePath" required="false"> <p>OpenSSL only.</p> <p>Name of the directory that contains the certificates for the trusted certificate authorities. The format is PEM-encoded.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="ciphers" required="false"> <p>The ciphers to enable using the OpenSSL syntax. (See the OpenSSL documentation for the list of ciphers supported and the syntax). Alternatively, a comma separated list of ciphers using the standard OpenSSL cipher names or the standard JSSE cipher names may be used.</p> <p>Different versions of OpenSSL may interpret the same cipher string differently. For example, the <code>CCM8</code> ciphers were moved from <code>HIGH</code> to <code>MEDIUM</code> in OpenSSL 3.2. Regardless of the OpenSSL or JSSE version used, Tomcat converts the provided cipher value to a list of ciphers in a manner consistent with the latest OpenSSL development branch. This list of ciphers is then passed to the SSL implementation.</p> <p>Only the ciphers that are supported by the SSL implementation will be used. Any ciphers in the list derived from a non-default cipher string that are not supported by the SSL implementation will be logged in a <code>WARNING</code> message when the Connector starts. The warning can be avoided by providing an explicit list of ciphers that are supported by the configured SSL implementation.</p> <p>If not specified, a default (using the OpenSSL notation) of <code>HIGH:!aNULL:!eNULL:!EXPORT:!DES:!RC4:!MD5:!kRSA</code> will be used.</p> <p>Note that, by default, the order in which ciphers are defined is treated as an order of preference. See <code>honorCipherOrder</code>.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="disableCompression" required="false"> <p>OpenSSL only.</p> <p>Configures if compression is disabled. The default is <code>true</code>. If the OpenSSL version used does not support disabling compression then the default for that OpenSSL version will be used.</p> </attribute> <attribute name="disableSessionTickets" required="false"> <p>OpenSSL only.</p> <p>Disables use of TLS session tickets (RFC 5077) if set to --> -------------------- --> maximum size reached --> -------------------- ¤ Dauer der Verarbeitung: 0.21 Sekunden (vorverarbeitet) ¤ |
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