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Untersuchungsergebnis.base/share/data/tzdata/asia Download desShell {Shell[403] Python[509] Haskell[520]}zum Wurzelverzeichnis wechseln # # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. # # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it # under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as # published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this # particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided # by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code. # # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that # accompanied this code). # # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. # # Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any # questions. # # tzdb data for Asia and environs # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to # [email protected] for general use in the future). For more, please see # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. # From Paul Eggert (2019-07-11): # # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. # # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source # for time zone data was the International Air Transport # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. # # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which # I found in the UCLA library. # # For data circa 1899, a common source is: # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. # https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 # # For Russian data circa 1919, a source is: # Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919. # (See the 'europe' file for a fuller citation.) # # The following alphabetic abbreviations appear in these tables # (corrections are welcome): # std dst # LMT Local Mean Time # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time # 2:00 IST IDT Israel # 5:30 IST India # 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat) # 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah) # 8:00 CST China # 8:00 HKT HKST Hong Kong (HKWT* for Winter Time in late 1941) # 8:00 PST PDT* Philippines # 8:30 KST KDT Korea when at +0830 # 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur) # 9:00 JST JDT Japan # 9:00 KST KDT Korea when at +09 # *I invented the abbreviations HKWT and PDT; see below. # Otherwise, these tables typically use numeric abbreviations like +03 # and +0330 for integer hour and minute UT offsets. Although earlier # editions invented alphabetic time zone abbreviations for every # offset, this did not reflect common practice. # # See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia. # From Guy Harris: # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide - # Worldwide Edition). ############################################################################### # These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file. # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 - Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 - Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - Rule RussiaAsia 1985 2010 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule RussiaAsia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - # Afghanistan # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890 4:00 - +04 1945 4:30 - +0430 # Armenia # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): # Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST) # in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then # readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even # when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz # reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST # in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that # Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991, # but started switching at 3:00s in 1998. # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15): # While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to # follow Russia's "old" rules. # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10): # According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012, # http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html # # The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the # Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of # Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time. # or # (brief) # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Armenia 2011 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule Armenia 2011 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1995 Sep 24 2:00s 4:00 - +04 1997 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2011 4:00 Armenia +04/+05 # Azerbaijan # From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23): # According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997 # From Paul Eggert (2015-09-17): It was Resolution No. 21 (1997-03-17). # http://code.az/files/daylight_res.pdf # From Steffen Thorsen (2016-03-17): # ... the Azerbaijani Cabinet of Ministers has cancelled switching to # daylight saving time.... # https://www.azernews.az/azerbaijan/94137.html # http://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Azerbaijani-Cabinet-of-Ministers-cancels-dayligh # http://en.apa.az/xeber_azerbaijan_abolishes_daylight_savings_ti_240862.html # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 - Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 - # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1992 Sep lastSun 2:00s 4:00 - +04 1996 4:00 EUAsia +04/+05 1997 4:00 Azer +04/+05 # Bangladesh # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13): # According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce # Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30 # # Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16 # http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html # # "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from # June # 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with # crippling power crisis. " # # The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if # implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02): # They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between # the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet. # # Some sources: # https://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601 # http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2 # # Our wrap-up: # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html # From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15): # Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start # time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh # Telecommunication Regulatory Commission). # # No DST end date has been announced yet. # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25): # Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009, # instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision. # # Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday": # "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1" # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13): # IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports: # Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make # maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would # "continue for an indefinite period." # # One of many places where it is published: # http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitel # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24): # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," # Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009. # # Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night. # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html # # "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour # on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31, # 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime # Minister's Office last night..." # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22): # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," # Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 - Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 24:00 0 - # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 6:30 - +0630 1942 May 15 5:30 - +0530 1942 Sep 6:30 - +0630 1951 Sep 30 6:00 - +06 2009 6:00 Dhaka +06/+07 # Bhutan # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu 5:30 - +0530 1987 Oct 6:00 - +06 # British Indian Ocean Territory # Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the # 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996. # We have no information as to when standard time was introduced; # assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which # then contained the Chagos Archipelago). # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907 5:00 - +05 1996 6:00 - +06 # Cocos (Keeling) Islands # Myanmar (Burma) # Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon. # From Paul Eggert (2017-04-20): # Page 27 of Reed & Low (cited for Asia/Kolkata) says "Rangoon local time is # used upon the railways and telegraphs of Burma, and is 6h. 24m. 47s. ahead # of Greenwich." This refers to the period before Burma's transition to +0630, # a transition for which Shanks is the only source. # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Yangon 6:24:47 - LMT 1880 # or Rangoon 6:24:47 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon local time 6:30 - +0630 1942 May 9:00 - +09 1945 May 3 6:30 - +0630 # China # From Phake Nick (2020-04-15): # According to this news report: # http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2004-09-01/19524201403.shtml # on April 11, 1919, newspaper in Shanghai said clocks in Shanghai will spring # forward for an hour starting from midnight of that Saturday. The report did # not mention what happened in Shanghai thereafter, but it mentioned that a # similar trial in Tianjin which ended at October 1st as citizens are told to # recede the clock on September 30 from 12:00pm to 11:00pm. The trial at # Tianjin got terminated in 1920. # # From Paul Eggert (2020-04-15): # The Returns of Trade and Trade Reports, page 711, says "Daylight saving was # given a trial during the year, and from the 12th April to the 1st October # the clocks were all set one hour ahead of sun time. Though the scheme was # generally esteemed a success, it was announced early in 1920 that it would # not be repeated." # # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Shang 1919 only - Apr 12 24:00 1:00 D Rule Shang 1919 only - Sep 30 24:00 0 S # From Paul Eggert (2018-10-02): # The following comes from Table 1 of: # Li Yu. Research on the daylight saving movement in 1940s Shanghai. # Nanjing Journal of Social Sciences. 2014;(2):144-50. # http://oversea.cnki.net/kns55/detail.aspx?dbname=CJFD2014&filename=NJSH201402020 # The table lists dates only; I am guessing 00:00 and 24:00 transition times. # Also, the table lists the planned end of DST in 1949, but the corresponding # zone line cuts this off on May 28, when the Communists took power. # From Phake Nick (2020-04-15): # # For the history of time in Shanghai between 1940-1942, the situation is # actually slightly more complex than the table [below].... At the time, # there were three different authorities in Shanghai, including Shanghai # International Settlement, a settlement established by western countries with # its own westernized form of government, Shanghai French Concession, similar # to the international settlement but is controlled by French, and then the # rest of the city of Shanghai, which have already been controlled by Japanese # force through a puppet local government (Wang Jingwei regime). It was # additionally complicated by the circumstances that, according to the 1940s # Shanghai summer time essay cited in the database, some # departments/businesses/people in the Shanghai city itself during that time # period, refused to change their clock and instead only changed their opening # hours. # # For example, as quoted in the article, in 1940, other than the authority # itself, power, tram, bus companies, cinema, department stores, and other # public service organizations have all decided to follow the summer time and # spring forward the clock. On the other hand, the custom office refused to # spring forward the clock because of worry on mechanical wear to the physical # clock, postal office refused to spring forward because of disruption to # business and log-keeping, although they did changed their office hour to # match rest of the city. So is travel agents, and also weather # observatory. It is said both time standards had their own supporters in the # city at the time, those who prefer new time standard would have moved their # clock while those who prefer the old time standard would keep their clock # unchange, and there were different clocks that use different time standard # in the city at the time for people who use different time standard to adjust # their clock to their preferred time. # # a. For the 1940 May 31 spring forward, the essay [says] ... "Hong # Kong government implemented the spring forward in the same time on # the same date as Shanghai". # # b. For the 1940 fall back, it was said that they initially intended to do # so on September 30 00:59 at night, however they postponed it to October 12 # after discussion with relevant parties. However schools restored to the # original schedule ten days earlier. # # c. For the 1941 spring forward, it is said to start from March 15 # "following the previous year's method", and in addition to that the essay # cited an announcement in 1941 from the Wang regime which said the Special # City of Shanghai under Wang regime control will follow the DST rule set by # the Settlements, irrespective of the original DST plan announced by the Wang # regime for other area under its control(April 1 to September 30). (no idea # to situation before that announcement) # # d. For the 1941 fall back, it was said that the fall back would occurs at # the end of September (A newspaper headline cited by the essay, published on # October 1, 1941, have the headlines which said "French Concession would # rewind to the old clock this morning), but it ultimately didn't happen due # to disagreement between the international settlement authority and the # French concession authority, and the fall back ultimately occurred on # November 1. # # e. In 1941 December, Japan have officially started war with the United # States and the United Kingdom, and in Shanghai they have marched into the # international settlement, taken over its control # # f. For the 1942 spring forward, the essay said that the spring forward # started on January 31. It said this time the custom office and postal # department will also change their clocks, unlike before. # # g. The essay itself didn't cover any specific changes thereafter until the # end of the war, it quoted a November 1942 command from the government of the # Wang regime, which claim the daylight saving time applies year round during # the war. However, the essay ambiguously said the period is "February 1 to # September 30", which I don't really understand what is the meaning of such # period in the context of year round implementation here.. More researches # might be needed to show exactly what happened during that period of time. # From Phake Nick (2020-04-15): # According to a Japanese tour bus pamphlet in Nanjing area believed to be # from around year 1941: http://www.tt-museum.jp/tairiku_0280_nan1941.html , # the schedule listed was in the format of Japanese time. Which indicate some # use of the Japanese time (instead of syncing by DST) might have occurred in # the Yangtze river delta area during that period of time although the scope # of such use will need to be investigated to determine. # # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Shang 1940 only - Oct 12 24:00 0 S Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D Rule Shang 1941 only - Nov 1 24:00 0 S Rule Shang 1942 only - Jan 31 0:00 1:00 D Rule Shang 1945 only - Sep 1 24:00 0 S Rule Shang 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D Rule Shang 1946 only - Sep 30 24:00 0 S Rule Shang 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D Rule Shang 1947 only - Oct 31 24:00 0 S Rule Shang 1948 1949 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Shang 1948 1949 - Sep 30 24:00 0 S #plan # From Guy Harris: # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone. # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): # No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the # Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China # has two of 'em - Peking's and Ürümqi (named after the capital of # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it. # # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too # painful to suck in another copy. So, here is what I have for # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP): # # 1986 May 4 - Sept 14 # 1987 mid-April - ?? # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19): # CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN # CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10 # From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11): # Jim Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight # time - sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05 ... [says] that China began # observing daylight saving time in 1986. # From P Chan (2018-05-07): # The start and end time of DST in China [from 1986 on] should be 2:00 # (i.e. 2:00 to 3:00 at the start and 2:00 to 1:00 at the end).... # Government notices about summer time: # # 1986-04-12 http://www.zj.gov.cn/attach/zfgb/198608.pdf p.21-22 # (To establish summer time from 1986. On 4 May, set the clocks ahead one hour # at 2 am. On 14 September, set the clocks backward one hour at 2 am.) # # 1987-02-15 http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1987/gwyb198703.pdf p.114 # (Summer time in 1987 to start from 12 April until 13 September) # # 1987-09-09 http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1987/gwyb198721.pdf p.709 # (From 1988, summer time to start from 2 am of the first Sunday of mid-April # until 2 am of the first Sunday of mid-September) # # 1992-03-03 http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1992/gwyb199205.pdf p.152 # (To suspend summer time from 1992) # # The first page of People's Daily on 12 April 1988 stating that summer time # to begin on 17 April. # http://data.people.com.cn/pic/101p/1988/04/1988041201.jpg # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 2:00 1:00 D Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 2:00 0 S Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=11 2:00 1:00 D # From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20): # BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five # historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official # Chinese names for these locales (before 1949). # # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-07-14): # I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the # https://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county # boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two # counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border, # counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are # therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege # county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6 # (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two # counties are mistakes in the astro.com data. # From Paul Eggert (2017-01-05): # Alois Treindl kindly sent me translations of the following two sources: # # (1) # Guo Qing-sheng (National Time-Service Center, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China) # Beijing Time at the Beginning of the PRC # China Historical Materials of Science and Technology # (Zhongguo ke ji shi liao, 中国科技史料). 2003;24(1):5-9. # http://oversea.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?filename=ZGKS200301000&dbname=CJFD2003 # It gives evidence that at the beginning of the PRC, Beijing time was # officially apparent solar time! However, Guo also says that the # evidence is dubious, as the relevant institute of astronomy had not # been taken over by the PRC yet. It's plausible that apparent solar # time was announced but never implemented, and that people continued # to use UT+8. As the Shanghai radio station (and I presume the # observatory) was still under control of French missionaries, it # could well have ignored any such mandate. # # (2) # Guo Qing-sheng (Shaanxi Astronomical Observatory, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China) # A Study on the Standard Time Changes for the Past 100 Years in China # [undated and unknown publication location] # It says several things: # * The Qing dynasty used local apparent solar time throughout China. # * The Republic of China instituted Beijing mean solar time effective # the official calendar book of 1914. # * The French Concession in Shanghai set up signal stations in # French docks in the 1890s, controlled by Xujiahui (Zikawei) # Observatory and set to local mean time. # * "From the end of the 19th century" it changed to UT+8. # * Chinese Customs (by then reduced to a tool of foreign powers) # eventually standardized on this time for all ports, and it # became used by railways as well. # * In 1918 the Central Observatory proposed dividing China into # five time zones (see below for details). This caught on # at first only in coastal areas observing UT+8. # * During WWII all of China was in theory was at UT+7. In practice # this was ignored in the west, and I presume was ignored in # Japanese-occupied territory. # * Japanese-occupied Manchuria was at UT+9, i.e., Japan time. # * The five-zone plan was resurrected after WWII and officially put into # place (with some modifications) in March 1948. It's not clear # how well it was observed in areas under Nationalist control. # * The People's Liberation Army used UT+8 during the civil war. # # An AP article "Shanghai Internat'l Area Little Changed" in the # Lewiston (ME) Daily Sun (1939-05-29), p 17, said "Even the time is # different - the occupied districts going by Tokyo time, an hour # ahead of that prevailing in the rest of Shanghai." Guess that the # Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT +08. # # In earlier versions of this file, China had many separate Zone entries, but # this was based on what were apparently incorrect data in Shanks & Pottenger. # This has now been simplified to the two entries Asia/Shanghai and # Asia/Urumqi, with the others being links for backward compatibility. # Proposed in 1918 and theoretically in effect until 1949 (although in practice # mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were: # # Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT +08:30 # Now part of Asia/Shanghai; its pre-1970 times are not recorded here. # Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin # # Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT +08 # Now part of Asia/Shanghai. # most of China # Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time.... # Guo says Shanghai switched to UT +08 "from the end of the 19th century". # # Long-shu Time (probably as Long and Shu were two names of the area) UT +07 # Now part of Asia/Shanghai; its pre-1970 times are not recorded here. # Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan; # most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; east Qinghai; and the Guangdong # counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing, # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu. # # Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT +06 # This region is now part of either Asia/Urumqi or Asia/Shanghai with # current boundaries uncertain; times before 1970 for areas that # disagree with Ürümqi or Shanghai are not recorded here. # The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai; # the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang, # Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi; # east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi; # east Xinjiang, including Ürümqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe, # Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin, # Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami, # Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan. # # Kunlun Time UT +05:30 # This region is now in the same status as Xin-zang Time (see above). # West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule; # West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke, # Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding, # and Yarkand. # From Luther Ma (2009-10-17): # Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in # Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time, # but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on # what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese # they implicitly use Beijing time. # # On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the # population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two # hours behind Beijing time, or UT +06. The government of the Xinjiang # Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as # local governments such as the Ürümqi city government use both times in # publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as # "Ürümqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language # they almost invariably use Xinjiang time. # # (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its # widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in # Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.) # # (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990 # or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with # the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same # time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and # others moving their clocks ahead.) # From Luther Ma (2009-11-19): # With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common # English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols): # # 1. Wulumuqi... # 2. Kashi... # 3. Urumqi... # 4. Kashgar... # ... # 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Ürümqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the # 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding # countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child. # # 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any # start date for Xinjiang time. # # Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally # publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur # Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also # not be using Beijing time, but some local time.) # From David Cochrane (2014-03-26): # Just a confirmation that Ürümqi time was implemented in Ürümqi on 1 Feb 1986: # https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960684,00.html # From Luther Ma (2014-04-22): # I have interviewed numerous people of various nationalities and from # different localities in Xinjiang and can confirm the information in Guo's # report regarding Xinjiang, as well as the Time article reference by David # Cochrane. Whether officially recognized or not (and both are officially # recognized), two separate times have been in use in Xinjiang since at least # the Cultural Revolution: Xinjiang Time (XJT), aka Ürümqi Time or local time; # and Beijing Time. There is no confusion in Xinjiang as to which name refers # to which time. Both are widely used in the province, although in some # population groups might be use one to the exclusion of the other. The only # problem is that computers and smart phones list Ürümqi (or Kashgar) as # having the same time as Beijing. # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): # In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT +06) # but this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Khétsun, # Memories of life in Lhasa under Chinese Rule, Columbia U Press, ISBN # 978-0231142861 (2008), translator's introduction by Matthew Akester, p x. # As this is before our 1970 cutoff, Tibet doesn't need a separate zone. # # Xinjiang Time is well-documented as being officially recognized. E.g., see # "The Working-Calendar for The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government" # <http://www.sinkiang.gov.cn/service/ourworking/> (2014-04-22). # Unfortunately, we have no good records of time in Xinjiang before 1986. # During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dynasty, # the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan # Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of # China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be # quite a trick. Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to # UT +06 at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren, # which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a # guess) as the transition from LMT. Ignore the usage of +08 before # 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to +08 is unknown and # that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the # +08 mandate back then. # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] # Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai. #STDOFF 8:05:43.2 Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:43 - LMT 1901 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949 May 28 8:00 PRC C%sT # Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi # / Wulumuqi. (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.) # Vostok base in Antarctica matches this since 1970. Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 6:00 - +06 # Hong Kong # Milne gives 7:36:41.7. # From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24): # I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong # Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually, # it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK, # and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing # and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I # think 3:30 is correct. # From Phake Nick (2018-10-27): # According to Singaporean newspaper # http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/singfreepresswk190411 # the day that Hong Kong start using GMT+8 should be Oct 30, 1904. # # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-17): # Hong Kong had a time ball near the Marine Police Station, Tsim Sha Tsui. # "The ball was raised manually each day and dropped at exactly 1pm # (except on Sundays and Government holidays)." # Dyson AD. From Time Ball to Atomic Clock. Hong Kong Government. 1983. # <https://www.hko.gov.hk/publica/gen_pub/timeball_atomic_clock.pdf> # "From 1904 October 30 the time-ball at Hong Kong has been dropped by order # of the Governor of the Colony at 17h 0m 0s G.M.T., which is 23m 18s.14 in # advance of 1h 0m 0s of Hong Kong mean time." # Hollis HP. Universal Time, Longitudes, and Geodesy. Mon Not R Astron Soc. # 1905-02-10;65(4):405-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/65.4.382 # # From Joseph Myers (2018-11-18): # An astronomer before 1925 referring to GMT would have been using the old # astronomical convention where the day started at noon, not midnight. # # From Steve Allen (2018-11-17): # Meteorological Observations made at the Hongkong Observatory in the year 1904 # page 4 <https://books.google.com/books?id=kgw5AQAAMAAJ&pg=RA4-PA4> # ... the log of drop times in Table II shows that on Sunday 1904-10-30 the # ball was dropped. So that looks like a special case drop for the sake # of broadcasting the new local time. # # From Phake Nick (2018-11-18): # According to The Hong Kong Weekly Press, 1904-10-29, p.324, the # governor of Hong Kong at the time stated that "We are further desired to # make it known that the change will be effected by firing the gun and by the # dropping of the Ball at 23min. 18sec. before one." # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): # See <https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk> for this; unfortunately Flash is required. # From Phake Nick (2018-10-26): # I went to check microfilm records stored at Hong Kong Public Library.... # on September 30 1941, according to Ta Kung Pao (Hong Kong edition), it was # stated that fallback would occur on the next day (the 1st)'s "03:00 am (Hong # Kong Time 04:00 am)" and the clock will fall back for a half hour. (03:00 # probably refer to the time commonly used in mainland China at the time given # the paper's background) ... the sunrise/sunset time given by South China # Morning Post for October 1st was indeed moved by half an hour compares to # before. After that, in December, the battle to capture Hong Kong started and # the library doesn't seems to have any record stored about press during that # period of time. Some media resumed publication soon after that within the # same month, but there were not much information about time there. Later they # started including a radio program guide when they restored radio service, # explicitly mentioning it use Tokyo standard time, and later added a note # saying it's half an hour ahead of the old Hong Kong standard time, and it # also seems to indicate that Hong Kong was not using GMT+8 when it was # captured by Japan. # # Image of related sections on newspaper: # * 1941-09-30, Ta Kung Pao (Hong Kong), "Winter Time start tomorrow". # https://i.imgur.com/6waY51Z.jpg (Chinese) # * 1941-09-29, South China Morning Post, Information on sunrise/sunset # time and other things for September 30 and October 1. # https://i.imgur.com/kCiUR78.jpg # * 1942-02-05. The Hong Kong News, Radio Program Guide. # https://i.imgur.com/eVvDMzS.jpg # * 1941-06-14. Hong Kong Daily Press, Daylight Saving from 3am Tomorrow. # https://i.imgur.com/05KkvtC.png # * 1941-09-30, Hong Kong Daily Press, Winter Time Warning. # https://i.imgur.com/dge4kFJ.png # From Paul Eggert (2019-07-11): # "Hong Kong winter time" is considered to be daylight saving. # "Hong Kong had adopted daylight saving on June 15 as a wartime measure, # clocks moving forward one hour until October 1, when they would be put back # by just half an hour for 'Hong Kong Winter time', so that daylight saving # operated year round." -- Low Z. The longest day: when wartime Hong Kong # introduced daylight saving. South China Morning Post. 2019-06-28. # https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/short-reads/article/3016281/longes # From P Chan (2018-12-31): # * According to the Hong Kong Daylight-Saving Regulations, 1941, the # 1941 spring-forward transition was at 03:00. # http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkgro/view/g1941/304271.pdf # http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkgro/view/g1941/305516.pdf # * According to some articles from South China Morning Post, +08 was # resumed on 1945-11-18 at 02:00. # https://i.imgur.com/M2IsZ3c.png # https://i.imgur.com/iOPqrVo.png # https://i.imgur.com/fffcGDs.png # * Some newspapers ... said the 1946 spring-forward transition was on # 04-21 at 00:00. The Kung Sheung Evening News 1946-04-20 (Chinese) # https://i.imgur.com/ZSzent0.png # https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk///c/portal/cover?c=QF757YsWv5%2FH7zGe%2FKF%2BFLYsuqGh # The Kung Sheung Daily News 1946-04-21 (Chinese) # https://i.imgur.com/7ecmRlcm.png # https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk///c/portal/cover?c=QF757YsWv5%2BQBGt1%2BwUj5qG2GqtwR3 # * According to the Summer Time Ordinance (1946), the fallback # transitions between 1946 and 1952 were at 03:30 Standard Time (+08) # http://oelawhk.lib.hku.hk/archive/files/bb74b06a74d5294620a15de560ab33c6.pdf # * Some other laws and regulations related to DST from 1953 to 1979 # Summer Time Ordinance 1953 # https://i.imgur.com/IOlJMav.jpg # Summer Time (Amendment) Ordinance 1965 # https://i.imgur.com/8rofeLa.jpg # Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance (1966) # https://i.imgur.com/joy3msj.jpg # Emergency (Summer Time) Regulation 1973 <https://i.imgur.com/OpRWrKz.jpg> # Interpretation and General Clauses (Amendment) Ordinance 1977 # https://i.imgur.com/RaNqnc4.jpg # Resolution of the Legislative Council passed on 9 May 1979 # https://www.legco.gov.hk/yr78-79/english/lc_sitg/hansard/h790509.pdf#page=39 # From Paul Eggert (2020-04-15): # Here are the dates given at # https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/Summertime.htm # as of 2020-02-10: # Year Period # 1941 15 Jun to 30 Sep # 1942 Whole year # 1943 Whole year # 1944 Whole year # 1945 Whole year # 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec # 1947 13 Apr to 30 Nov # 1948 2 May to 31 Oct # 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct # 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct # 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct # 1952 6 Apr to 2 Nov # 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov # 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct # 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov # 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov # 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov # 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov # 1959 22 Mar to 1 Nov # 1960 20 Mar to 6 Nov # 1961 19 Mar to 5 Nov # 1962 18 Mar to 4 Nov # 1963 24 Mar to 3 Nov # 1964 22 Mar to 1 Nov # 1965 18 Apr to 17 Oct # 1966 17 Apr to 16 Oct # 1967 16 Apr to 22 Oct # 1968 21 Apr to 20 Oct # 1969 20 Apr to 19 Oct # 1970 19 Apr to 18 Oct # 1971 18 Apr to 17 Oct # 1972 16 Apr to 22 Oct # 1973 22 Apr to 21 Oct # 1973/74 30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74 # 1975 20 Apr to 19 Oct # 1976 18 Apr to 17 Oct # 1977 Nil # 1978 Nil # 1979 13 May to 21 Oct # 1980 to Now Nil # The page does not give times of day for transitions, # or dates for the 1942 and 1945 transitions. # The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began 1941-12-25. # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 21 0:00 1:00 S Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30s 0 - Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30s 1:00 S Rule HK 1947 only - Nov 30 3:30s 0 - Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30s 1:00 S Rule HK 1948 1952 - Oct Sun>=28 3:30s 0 - Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S Rule HK 1953 1964 - Oct Sun>=31 3:30 0 - Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S Rule HK 1965 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S Rule HK 1965 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S Rule HK 1979 only - May 13 3:30 1:00 S Rule HK 1979 only - Oct 21 3:30 0 - # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] #STDOFF 7:36:41.7 Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:42 - LMT 1904 Oct 29 17:00u 8:00 - HKT 1941 Jun 15 3:00 8:00 1:00 HKST 1941 Oct 1 4:00 8:00 0:30 HKWT 1941 Dec 25 9:00 - JST 1945 Nov 18 2:00 8:00 HK HK%sT ############################################################################### # Taiwan # From smallufo (2010-04-03): # According to Taiwan's CWB [Central Weather Bureau], # http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm # Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30. # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12): # On Dec 28, 1895, the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of # Meiji Year 28 "The clause about standard time", mentioned that # Taiwan and Penghu Islands, as well as Yaeyama and Miyako Islands # (both in Okinawa) adopt the Western Standard Time which is based on # 120E. The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. The original text can be # found on Wikisource: # https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時) # ... This could be the first adoption of time zone in Taiwan, because # during the Qing Dynasty, it seems that there was no time zone # declared officially. # # Later, in the beginning of World War II, on Sep 25, 1937, the Showa # Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 "The clause of # revision in the ordinance No. 167 of Meiji year 28 about standard # time", in which abolished the adoption of Western Standard Time in # western islands (listed above), which means the whole Japan # territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan Central Time # (UT+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. The original text can # be found on Wikisource: # https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件 # # That is, the time zone of Taipei switched to UT+9 on Oct 1, 1937. # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02): # I've found more evidence about when the time zone was switched from UT+9 # back to UT+8 after WW2. I believe it was on Sep 21, 1945. In a document # during Japanese era [1] in which the officer told the staff to change time # zone back to Western Standard Time (UT+8) on Sep 21. And in another # history page of National Cheng Kung University [2], on Sep 21 there is a # note "from today, switch back to Western Standard Time". From these two # materials, I believe that the time zone change happened on Sep 21. And # today I have found another monthly journal called "The Astronomical Herald" # from The Astronomical Society of Japan [3] in which it mentioned the fact # that: # # 1. Standard Time of the Country (Japan) was adopted on Jan 1, 1888, using # the time at 135E (GMT+9) # # 2. Standard Time of the Country was renamed to Central Standard Time, on Jan # 1, 1898, and on the same day, the new territories Taiwan and Penghu islands, # as well as Yaeyama and Miyako islands, adopted a new time zone called # Western Standard Time, which is in GMT+8. # # 3. Western Standard Time was deprecated on Sep 30, 1937. From then all the # territories of Japan adopted the same time zone, which is Central Standard # Time. # # [1] Academica Historica, Taiwan: # http://163.29.208.22:8080/govsaleShowImage/connect_img.php?s=00101738900090036&e=00101738900090037span> # [2] Nat'l Cheng Kung University 70th Anniversary Special Site: # http://www.ncku.edu.tw/~ncku70/menu/001/01_01.htm # [3] Yukio Niimi, The Standard Time in Japan (1997), p.475: # http://www.asj.or.jp/geppou/archive_open/1997/pdf/19971001c.pdf # Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-03): # I finally have found the real official gazette about changing back to # Western Standard Time on Sep 21 in Taiwan. It's Taiwan Governor-General # Bulletin No. 386 in Showa 20 years (1945), published on Sep 19, 1945. [1] ... # [It] abolishes Bulletin No. 207 in Showa 12 years (1937), which is a local # bulletin in Taiwan for that Ordinance No. 529. It also mentioned that 1am on # Sep 21, 1945 will be 12am on Sep 21. I think this bulletin is much more # official than the one I mentioned in my first mail, because it's from the # top-level government in Taiwan. If you're going to quote any resource, this # would be a good one. # [1] Taiwan Governor-General Gazette, No. 1018, Sep 19, 1945: # http://db2.th.gov.tw/db2/view/viewImg.php?imgcode=0072031018a&num=19&bgn=019&end=019&otherImg=&type=generpan> # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02): # In 1946, DST in Taiwan was from May 15 and ended on Sep 30. The info from # Central Weather Bureau website was not correct. # # Original Bulletin: # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=03502F0AKM1AF # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0350300AKM1B0 (cont.) # # In 1947, DST in Taiwan was expanded to Oct 31. There is a backup of that # telegram announcement from Taiwan Province Government: # # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0360310AKZ431 # # Here is a brief translation: # # The Summer Time this year is adopted from midnight Apr 15 until Sep 20 # midnight. To save (energy?) consumption, we're expanding Summer Time # adoption till Oct 31 midnight. # # The Central Weather Bureau website didn't mention that, however it can # be found from historical government announcement database. # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-03): # As per Yu-Cheng Chuang, say that Taiwan was at UT +09 from 1937-10-01 # until 1945-09-21 at 01:00, overriding Shanks & Pottenger. # Likewise, use Yu-Cheng Chuang's data for DST in Taiwan. # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Taiwan 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D Rule Taiwan 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] # Taipei or Taibei or T'ai-pei Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 Jan 1 8:00 - CST 1937 Oct 1 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 21 1:00 8:00 Taiwan C%sT # Macau (Macao, Aomen) # # From P Chan (2018-05-10): # * LegisMac # http://legismac.safp.gov.mo/legismac/descqry/Descqry.jsf?lang=pt # A database for searching titles of legal documents of Macau in # Chinese and Portuguese. The term "HORÁRIO DE VERÃO" can be used for # searching decrees about summer time. # * Archives of Macao # http://www.archives.gov.mo/en/bo/ # It contains images of old official gazettes. # * The Macao Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau have a page listing the # summer time history. But it is not complete and has some mistakes. # http://www.smg.gov.mo/smg/geophysics/e_t_Summer%20Time.htm # Macau adopted GMT+8 on 30 Oct 1904 to follow Hong Kong. Clocks were # advanced by 25 minutes and 50 seconds. Which means the LMT used was # +7:34:10. As stated in the "Portaria No. 204" dated 21 October 1904 # and published in the Official Gazette on 29 October 1904. # http://igallery.icm.gov.mo/Images/Archives/BO/MO_AH_PUB_BO_1904_10/MO_AH_PUB_BO # # Therefore the 1911 decree of Portugal did not change time in Macau. # # From LegisMac, here is a list of decrees that changed the time ... # [Decree Gazette-no. date; titles omitted in this quotation] # DIL 732 BOCM 51 1941.12.20 # DIL 764 BOCM 9S 1942.04.30 # DIL 781 BOCM 21 1942.10.10 # PT 3434 BOCM 8S 1943.04.17 # PT 3504 BOCM 20 1943.09.25 # PT 3843 BOCM 39 1945.09.29 # PT 3961 BOCM 17 1946.04.27 # PT 4026 BOCM 39 1946.09.28 # PT 4153 BOCM 16 1947.04.10 # PT 4271 BOCM 48 1947.11.29 # PT 4374 BOCM 18 1948.05.01 # PT 4465 BOCM 44 1948.10.30 # PT 4590 BOCM 14 1949.04.02 # PT 4666 BOCM 44 1949.10.29 # PT 4771 BOCM 12 1950.03.25 # PT 4838 BOCM 43 1950.10.28 # PT 4946 BOCM 12 1951.03.24 # PT 5025 BO 43 1951.10.27 # PT 5149 BO 14 1952.04.05 # PT 5251 BO 43 1952.10.25 # PT 5366 BO 13 1953.03.28 # PT 5444 BO 44 1953.10.31 # PT 5540 BO 12 1954.03.20 # PT 5589 BO 44 1954.10.30 # PT 5676 BO 12 1955.03.19 # PT 5739 BO 45 1955.11.05 # PT 5823 BO 11 1956.03.17 # PT 5891 BO 44 1956.11.03 # PT 5981 BO 12 1957.03.23 # PT 6064 BO 43 1957.10.26 # PT 6172 BO 12 1958.03.22 # PT 6243 BO 43 1958.10.25 # PT 6341 BO 12 1959.03.21 # PT 6411 BO 43 1959.10.24 # PT 6514 BO 11 1960.03.12 # PT 6584 BO 44 1960.10.29 # PT 6721 BO 10 1961.03.11 # PT 6815 BO 43 1961.10.28 # PT 6947 BO 10 1962.03.10 # PT 7080 BO 43 1962.10.27 # PT 7218 BO 12 1963.03.23 # PT 7340 BO 43 1963.10.26 # PT 7491 BO 11 1964.03.14 # PT 7664 BO 43 1964.10.24 # PT 7846 BO 15 1965.04.10 # PT 7979 BO 42 1965.10.16 # PT 8146 BO 15 1966.04.09 # PT 8252 BO 41 1966.10.08 # PT 8429 BO 15 1967.04.15 # PT 8540 BO 41 1967.10.14 # PT 8735 BO 15 1968.04.13 # PT 8860 BO 41 1968.10.12 # PT 9035 BO 16 1969.04.19 # PT 9156 BO 42 1969.10.18 # PT 9328 BO 15 1970.04.11 # PT 9418 BO 41 1970.10.10 # PT 9587 BO 14 1971.04.03 # PT 9702 BO 41 1971.10.09 # PT 38-A/72 BO 14 1972.04.01 # PT 126-A/72 BO 41 1972.10.07 # PT 61/73 BO 14 1973.04.07 # PT 182/73 BO 40 1973.10.06 # PT 282/73 BO 51 1973.12.22 # PT 177/74 BO 41 1974.10.12 # PT 51/75 BO 15 1975.04.12 # PT 173/75 BO 41 1975.10.11 # PT 67/76/M BO 14 1976.04.03 # PT 169/76/M BO 41 1976.10.09 # PT 78/79/M BO 19 1979.05.12 # PT 166/79/M BO 42 1979.10.20 # Note that DIL 732 does not belong to "HORÁRIO DE VERÃO" according to # LegisMac.... Note that between 1942 and 1945, the time switched # between GMT+9 and GMT+10. Also in 1965 and 1965 the DST ended at 2:30am. # From Paul Eggert (2018-05-10): # The 1904 decree says that Macau changed from the meridian of # Fortaleza do Monte, presumably the basis for the 7:34:10 for LMT. # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Macau 1942 1943 - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 - Rule Macau 1942 only - Nov 17 23:00 0 - Rule Macau 1943 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 S Rule Macau 1946 only - Apr 30 23:00s 1:00 D Rule Macau 1946 only - Sep 30 23:00s 0 S Rule Macau 1947 only - Apr 19 23:00s 1:00 D Rule Macau 1947 only - Nov 30 23:00s 0 S Rule Macau 1948 only - May 2 23:00s 1:00 D Rule Macau 1948 only - Oct 31 23:00s 0 S Rule Macau 1949 1950 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 D Rule Macau 1949 1950 - Oct lastSat 23:00s 0 S Rule Macau 1951 only - Mar 31 23:00s 1:00 D Rule Macau 1951 only - Oct 28 23:00s 0 S Rule Macau 1952 1953 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 D Rule Macau 1952 only - Nov 1 23:00s 0 S Rule Macau 1953 1954 - Oct lastSat 23:00s 0 S Rule Macau 1954 1956 - Mar Sat>=17 23:00s 1:00 D Rule Macau 1955 only - Nov 5 23:00s 0 S Rule Macau 1956 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 03:30 0 S Rule Macau 1957 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 03:30 1:00 D Rule Macau 1965 1973 - Apr Sun>=16 03:30 1:00 D Rule Macau 1965 1966 - Oct Sun>=16 02:30 0 S Rule Macau 1967 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 03:30 0 S Rule Macau 1973 only - Dec 30 03:30 1:00 D Rule Macau 1975 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 03:30 1:00 D Rule Macau 1979 only - May 13 03:30 1:00 D Rule Macau 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 03:30 0 S # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:10 - LMT 1904 Oct 30 8:00 - CST 1941 Dec 21 23:00 9:00 Macau +09/+10 1945 Sep 30 24:00 8:00 Macau C%sT ############################################################################### # Cyprus # Milne says the Eastern Telegraph Company used 2:14:00. Stick with LMT. # IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time. # From Paul Eggert (2016-09-09): # Yesterday's Cyprus Mail reports that Northern Cyprus followed Turkey's # lead and switched from +02/+03 to +03 year-round. # http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/09/08/two-time-zones-cyprus-turkey-will-not-turn-cl # # From Even Scharning (2016-10-31): # Looks like the time zone split in Cyprus went through last night. # http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/10/30/cyprus-new-division-two-time-zones-now-realit # From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): # Northern Cyprus will reinstate winter time on October 29, thus # staying in sync with the rest of Cyprus. See: Anastasiou A. # Cyprus to remain united in time. Cyprus Mail 2017-10-17. # https://cyprus-mail.com/2017/10/17/cyprus-remain-united-time/ # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 - Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 - Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT Zone Asia/Famagusta 2:15:48 - LMT 1921 Nov 14 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 2016 Sep 8 3:00 - +03 2017 Oct 29 1:00u 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT # Georgia # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19): # Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward # an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze, # an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it! # We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall. # # From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04): # Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia # will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy, # President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday. # # From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27): # # Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet # republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it # is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours # ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia, # Mikheil Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process # of integration into Europe. # From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07): # Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on # [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years. # Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT # +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document # about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document, # because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time.... # I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our # DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month. # Milne 1899 says Tbilisi (Tiflis) time was 2:59:05.7. # Byalokoz 1919 says Georgia was 2:59:11. # Go with Byalokoz. # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:11 - LMT 1880 2:59:11 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1992 3:00 E-EurAsia +03/+04 1994 Sep lastSun 4:00 E-EurAsia +04/+05 1996 Oct lastSun 4:00 1:00 +05 1997 Mar lastSun 4:00 E-EurAsia +04/+05 2004 Jun 27 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00 4:00 - +04 # East Timor # See Indonesia for the 1945 transition. # From João Carrascalão, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in # East Timor may be late for its millennium # <https://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm> (1999-12-26/31): # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it # conflicts with their way of life. # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04): # We don't have any record of the above attempt. # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data. # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General # http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/2000/00-08-16.undh.html # (2000-08-16): # The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided # today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change, # which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at # midnight on Saturday, September 16. # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 8:00 - +08 1942 Feb 21 23:00 9:00 - +09 1976 May 3 8:00 - +08 2000 Sep 17 0:00 9:00 - +09 # India # British astronomer Henry Park Hollis disliked India Standard Time's offset: # "A new time system has been proposed for India, Further India, and Burmah. # The scheme suggested is that the times of the meridians 5½ and 6½ hours # east of Greenwich should be adopted in these territories. No reason is # given why hourly meridians five hours and six hours east should not be # chosen; a plan which would bring the time of India into harmony with # that of almost the whole of the civilised world." # Hollis HP. Universal Time, Longitudes, and Geodesy. Mon Not R Astron Soc. # 1905-02-10;65(4):405-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/65.4.382 # From Ian P. Beacock, in "A brief history of (modern) time", The Atlantic # https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/the-creation-of-modern-t # (2015-12-22): # In January 1906, several thousand cotton-mill workers rioted on the # outskirts of Bombay.... They were protesting the proposed abolition of # local time in favor of Indian Standard Time.... Journalists called this # dispute the "Battle of the Clocks." It lasted nearly half a century. # From Paul Eggert (2017-04-20): # Good luck trying to nail down old timekeeping records in India. # "... in the nineteenth century ... Madras Observatory took its magnetic # measurements on Göttingen time, its meteorological measurements on Madras # (local) time, dropped its time ball on Greenwich (ocean navigator's) time, # and distributed civil (local time)." -- Bartky IR. Selling the true time: # 19th-century timekeeping in america. Stanford U Press (2000), 247 note 19. # "A more potent cause of resistance to the general adoption of the present # standard time lies in the fact that it is Madras time. The citizen of # Bombay, proud of being 'primus in Indis' and of Calcutta, equally proud of # his city being the Capital of India, and - for a part of the year - the Seat # of the Supreme Government, alike look down on Madras, and refuse to change # the time they are using, for that of what they regard as a benighted # Presidency; while Madras, having for long given the standard time to the # rest of India, would resist the adoption of any other Indian standard in its # place." -- Oldham RD. On Time in India: a suggestion for its improvement. # Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (April 1899), 49-55. # # "In 1870 ... Madras time - 'now used by the telegraph and regulated from the # only government observatory' - was suggested as a standard railway time, # first to be adopted on the Great Indian Peninsular Railway (GIPR).... # Calcutta, Bombay, and Karachi, were to be allowed to continue with their # local time for civil purposes." - Prasad R. Tracks of Change: Railways and # Everyday Life in Colonial India. Cambridge University Press (2016), 145. # # Reed S, Low F. The Indian Year Book 1936-37. Bennett, Coleman, pp 27-8. # https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.282212 # This lists +052110 as Madras local time used in railways, and says that on # 1906-01-01 railways and telegraphs in India switched to +0530. Some # municipalities retained their former time, and the time in Calcutta # continued to depend on whether you were at the railway station or at # government offices. Government time was at +055320 (according to Shanks) or # at +0554 (according to the Indian Year Book). Railway time is more # appropriate for our purposes, as it was better documented, it is what we do # elsewhere (e.g., Europe/London before 1880), and after 1906 it was # consistent in the region now identified by Asia/Kolkata. So, use railway # time for 1870-1941. Shanks is our only (and dubious) source for the # 1941-1945 data. # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1854 Jun 28 # Kolkata 5:53:20 - HMT 1870 # Howrah Mean Time? 5:21:10 - MMT 1906 Jan 1 # Madras local time 5:30 - IST 1941 Oct 5:30 1:00 +0630 1942 May 15 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 15 5:30 - IST # Since 1970 the following are like Asia/Kolkata: # Andaman Is # Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is) # Nicobar Is # Indonesia # # From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06): # The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 306 says that Batavia # civil time was 7:07:12.5. # # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger: # http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7. # # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10): # Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger. # JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in # Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and # other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus # September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore. # These would be the earliest possible times for a change. # Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Éditions # Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched # from UT +09 to +07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura # (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura # switched on 1945-09-23. # # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11): # Normally the tz database uses English-language abbreviations, but in # Indonesia it's typical to use Indonesian-language abbreviations even # when writing in English. For example, see the English-language # summary published by the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the # Research Center for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology, # Indonesia, <http://time.kim.lipi.go.id/time-eng.php> (2006-09-29). # The time zone abbreviations and UT offsets are: # # WIB - +07 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time) # WITA - +08 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time) # WIT - +09 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time) # # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] # Java, Sumatra #STDOFF 7:07:12.5 Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10 # Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13, # but this must be a typo. 7:07:12 - BMT 1923 Dec 31 16:40u # Batavia 7:20 - +0720 1932 Nov 7:30 - +0730 1942 Mar 23 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23 7:30 - +0730 1948 May 8:00 - +08 1950 May 7:30 - +0730 1964 7:00 - WIB # west and central Borneo Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT 7:30 - +0730 1942 Jan 29 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23 7:30 - +0730 1948 May 8:00 - +08 1950 May 7:30 - +0730 1964 8:00 - WITA 1988 Jan 1 7:00 - WIB # Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas, east and south Borneo Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT 8:00 - +08 1942 Feb 9 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23 8:00 - WITA # Maluku Islands, West Papua, Papua Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov 9:00 - +09 1944 Sep 1 9:30 - +0930 1964 9:00 - WIT # Iran # From Roozbeh Pournader (2022-05-30): # Here's an order from the Cabinet to the rest of the government to switch to # Tehran time, which is mentioned to be already at +03:30: # https://qavanin.ir/Law/TreeText/180138 # Just in case that goes away, I also saved a copy at archive.org: # https://web.archive.org/web/20220530111940/https://qavanin.ir/Law/TreeText/1801 # Here's my translation: # # "Circular on Matching the Hours of Governmental and Official Circles # in Provinces # Approved 1314/03/22 [=1935-06-13] # According to the ruling of the Honorable Cabinet, it is ordered that from # now on in all internal provinces of the country, governmental and official # circles set their time to match Tehran time (three hours and half before # Greenwich).... # # I still haven't found out when Tehran itself switched to +03:30.... # # From Paul Eggert (2022-06-05): # Although the above says Tehran was at +03:30 before 1935-06-13, we don't --> -------------------- --> maximum size reached --> -------------------- [ zur Elbe Produktseite wechseln1.683Quellennavigators ] |