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Datei: inverse_continuous_functions.pvs Sprache: Unknown
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Spracherkennung für: .rst vermutete Sprache: Haskell {Haskell[327] Ada[546] Abap[755]} [Methode: Schwerpunktbildung, einfache Gewichte, sechs Dimensionen] .. _coqintegrateddevelopmentenvironment: |Coq| Integrated Development Environment ======================================== The Coq Integrated Development Environment is a graphical tool, to be used as a user-friendly replacement to `coqtop`. Its main purpose is to allow the user to navigate forward and backward into a Coq vernacular file, executing corresponding commands or undoing them respectively. |CoqIDE| is run by typing the command `coqide` on the command line. Without argument, the main screen is displayed with an “unnamed buffer”, and with a filename as argument, another buffer displaying the contents of that file. Additionally, `coqide` accepts the same options as `coqtop`, given in :ref:`thecoqcommands`, the ones having obviously no meaning for |CoqIDE| being ignored. .. _coqide_mainscreen: .. image:: ../_static/coqide.png :alt: |CoqIDE| main screen A sample |CoqIDE| main screen, while navigating into a file `Fermat.v`, is shown in the figure :ref:`CoqIDE main screen <coqide_mainscreen>`. At the top is a menu bar, and a tool bar below it. The large window on the left is displaying the various *script buffers*. The upper right window is the *goal window*, where goals to be proven are displayed. The lower right window is the *message window*, where various messages resulting from commands are displayed. At the bottom is the status bar. Managing files and buffers, basic editing ---------------------------------------------- In the script window, you may open arbitrarily many buffers to edit. The *File* menu allows you to open files or create some, save them, print or export them into various formats. Among all these buffers, there is always one which is the current *running buffer*, whose name is displayed on a background in the *processed* color (green by default), which is the one where Coq commands are currently executed. Buffers may be edited as in any text editor, and classical basic editing commands (Copy/Paste, …) are available in the *Edit* menu. |CoqIDE| offers only basic editing commands, so if you need more complex editing commands, you may launch your favorite text editor on the current buffer, using the *Edit/External Editor* menu. Interactive navigation into Coq scripts -------------------------------------------- The running buffer is the one where navigation takes place. The toolbar offers five basic commands for this. The first one, represented by a down arrow icon, is for going forward executing one command. If that command is successful, the part of the script that has been executed is displayed on a background with the processed color. If that command fails, the error message is displayed in the message window, and the location of the error is emphasized by an underline in the error foreground color (red by default). In the figure :ref:`CoqIDE main screen <coqide_mainscreen>`, the running buffer is `Fermat.v`, all commands until the ``Theorem`` have been already executed, and the user tried to go forward executing ``Induction n``. That command failed because no such tactic exists (names of standard tactics are written in lowercase), and the failing command is underlined. Notice that the processed part of the running buffer is not editable. If you ever want to modify something you have to go backward using the up arrow tool, or even better, put the cursor where you want to go back and use the goto button. Unlike with `coqtop`, you should never use ``Undo`` to go backward. There are two additional buttons for navigation within the running buffer. The "down" button with a line goes directly to the end; the "up" button with a line goes back to the beginning. The handling of errors when using the go-to-the-end button depends on whether |Coq| is running in asynchronous mode or not (see Chapter :ref:`asynchronousandparallelproofprocessing`). If it is not running in that mode stops as soon as an error is found. Otherwise, execution continues, and the error is marked with an underline in the error foreground color, with a background in the error background color (pink by default). The same characterization of error-handling applies when running several commands using the "goto" button. If you ever try to execute a command that runs for a long time and would like to abort it before it terminates, you may use the interrupt button (the white cross on a red circle). There are other buttons on the |CoqIDE| toolbar: a button to save the running buffer; a button to close the current buffer (an "X"); buttons to switch among buffers (left and right arrows); an "information" button; and a "gears" button. The "gears" button submits proof terms to the |Coq| kernel for type checking. When |Coq| uses asynchronous processing (see Chapter :ref:`asynchronousandparallelproof proofs may have been completed without kernel-checking of generated proof terms. The presence of unchecked proof terms is indicated by ``Qed`` statements that have a subdued *being-processed* color (light blue by default), rather than the processed color, though their preceding proofs have the processed color. Notice that for all these buttons, except for the "gears" button, their operations are also available in the menu, where their keyboard shortcuts are given. Proof folding ------------------ As your script grows bigger and bigger, it might be useful to hide the proofs of your theorems and lemmas. This feature is toggled via the Hide entry of the Navigation menu. The proof shall be enclosed between ``Proof.`` and ``Qed.``, both with their final dots. The proof that shall be hidden or revealed is the first one whose beginning statement (such as ``Theorem``) precedes the insertion cursor. Vernacular commands, templates ----------------------------------- The Templates menu allows using shortcuts to insert vernacular commands. This is a nice way to proceed if you are not sure of the syntax of the command you want. Moreover, from this menu you can automatically insert templates of complex commands like ``Fixpoint`` that you can conveniently fill afterwards. Queries ------------ .. image:: ../_static/coqide-queries.png :alt: |CoqIDE| queries We call *query* any vernacular command that does not change the current state, such as ``Check``, ``Search``, etc. To run such commands interactively, without writing them in scripts, |CoqIDE| offers a *query pane*. The query pane can be displayed on demand by using the ``View`` menu, or using the shortcut ``F1``. Queries can also be performed by selecting a particular phrase, then choosing an item from the ``Queries`` menu. The response then appears in the message window. The image above shows the result after selecting of the phrase ``Nat.mul`` in the script window, and choosing ``Print`` from the ``Queries`` menu. Compilation ---------------- The `Compile` menu offers direct commands to: + compile the current buffer + run a compilation using `make` + go to the last compilation error + create a `Makefile` using `coq_makefile`. Customizations ------------------- You may customize your environment using the menu Edit/Preferences. A new window will be displayed, with several customization sections presented as a notebook. The first section is for selecting the text font used for scripts, goal and message windows. The second and third sections are for controlling colors and style. The fourth section is for customizing the editor. It includes in particular the ability to activate an Emacs mode named micro-Proof-General (use the Help menu to know more about the available bindings). The next section is devoted to file management: you may configure automatic saving of files, by periodically saving the contents into files named `#f#` for each opened file `f`. You may also activate the *revert* feature: in case a opened file is modified on the disk by a third party, |CoqIDE| may read it again for you. Note that in the case you edited that same file, you will be prompted to choose to either discard your changes or not. The File charset encoding choice is described below in :ref:`character-encoding-saved-files`. The `Externals` section allows customizing the external commands for compilation, printing, web browsing. In the browser command, you may use `%s` to denote the URL to open, for example: `firefox -remote "OpenURL(%s)"`. Notice that these settings are saved in the file `.coqiderc` of your home directory. A Gtk2 accelerator keymap is saved under the name `.coqide.keys`. It is not recommended to edit this file manually: to modify a given menu shortcut, go to the corresponding menu item without releasing the mouse button, press the key you want for the new shortcut, and release the mouse button afterwards. If your system does not allow it, you may still edit this configuration file by hand, but this is more involved. Using Unicode symbols -------------------------- |CoqIDE| is based on GTK+ and inherits from it support for Unicode in its text windows. Consequently a large set of symbols is available for notations. Furthermore, |CoqIDE| conveniently provides a simple way to input Unicode characters. Displaying Unicode symbols ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ You just need to define suitable notations as described in the chapter :ref:`syntaxextensionsandinterpretationscopes`. For example, to use the mathematical symbols ∀ and ∃, you may define: .. coqtop:: in Notation "∀ x .. y , P" := (forall x, .. (forall y, P) ..) (at level 200, x binder, y binder, right associativity) : type_scope. Notation "∃ x .. y , P" := (exists x, .. (exists y, P) ..) (at level 200, x binder, y binder, right associativity) : type_scope. There exists a small set of such notations already defined, in the file `utf8.v` of Coq library, so you may enable them just by ``Require Import Unicode.Utf8`` inside |CoqIDE|, or equivalently, by starting |CoqIDE| with ``coqide -l utf8``. However, there are some issues when using such Unicode symbols: you of course need to use a character font which supports them. In the Fonts section of the preferences, the Preview line displays some Unicode symbols, so you could figure out if the selected font is OK. Related to this, one thing you may need to do is choosing whether GTK+ should use antialiased fonts or not, by setting the environment variable `GDK_USE_XFT` to 1 or 0 respectively. .. _coqide-unicode: Bindings for input of Unicode symbols ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ CoqIDE supports a builtin mechanism to input non-ASCII symbols. For example, to input ``π``, it suffices to type ``\pi`` then press the combination of key ``Shift+Space`` (default key binding). Often, it suffices to type a prefix of the latex token, e.g. typing ``\p`` then ``Shift+Space`` suffices to insert a ``π``. For several symbols, ASCII art is also recognized, e.g. ``\->`` for a right arrow, or ``\>=`` for a greater than or equal sign. A larger number of latex tokens are supported by default. The full list is available here: https://github.com/coq/coq/blob/master/ide/default_bindings_src.ml Custom bindings may be added, as explained further on. .. note:: It remains possible to input non-ASCII symbols using system-wide approaches independent of |CoqIDE|. Adding custom bindings ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ To extend the default set of bindings, create a file named ``coqide.bindings`` and place it in the same folder as ``coqide.keys``. On Linux, this would be the folder ``~/.config/coq``. The file `coqide.bindings` should contain one binding per line, in the form ``\key value``, followed by an optional priority integer. (The key and value should not contain any space character.) .. example:: Here is an example configuration file: :: \par || \pi π 1 \le ≤ 1 \lambda λ 2 \lambdas λs Above, the priority number 1 on ``\pi`` indicates that the prefix ``\p`` should resolve to ``\pi``, and not to something else (e.g. ``\par``). Similarly, the above settings ensure than ``\l`` resolves to ``\le``, and that ``\la`` resolves to ``\lambda``. It can be useful to work with per-project binding files. For this purpose |CoqIDE| accepts a command line argument of the form ``-unicode-bindings file1,file2,...,fileN``. Each of the file tokens provided may consists of one of: - a path to a custom bindings file, - the token ``default``, which resolves to the default bindings file, - the token ``local``, which resolves to the `coqide.bindings` file stored in the user configuration directory. .. warning:: If a filename other than the first one includes a "~" to refer to the home directory, it won't be expanded properly. To work around that issue, one should not use comas but instead repeat the flag, in the form: ``-unicode-bindings file1 .. -unicode-bindings fileN``. .. note:: If two bindings for a same token both have the same priority value (or both have no priority value set), then the binding considered is the one from the file that comes first on the command line. .. _character-encoding-saved-files: Character encoding for saved files ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ In the Files section of the preferences, the encoding option is related to the way files are saved. If you have no need to exchange files with non UTF-8 aware applications, it is better to choose the UTF-8 encoding, since it guarantees that your files will be read again without problems. (This is because when |CoqIDE| reads a file, it tries to automatically detect its character encoding.) If you choose something else than UTF-8, then missing characters will be written encoded by `\x{....}` or `\x{........}` where each dot is an hexadecimal digit: the number between braces is the hexadecimal Unicode index for the missing character. [ Dauer der Verarbeitung: 0.166 Sekunden ] |