In SONATA every N-group is a group, the only difference is, that there
is a nearring that acts on the group. And since in SONATA all
nearrings are left distributive, they act on the elements of an
N-group from the right. *Note*, that the elements of an N-group are
added via `\*', not `+'.
The functions described in this section can be found in the source files
`ngroups.g?'.
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \Section{Construction of N-groups}
There is a natural way to construct an N-group. It is to take a group,
a nearring and define an action of the nearring on the group. The
function `NGroup' allows one to do this. The special case, where
(the group reduct of) a nearring is viewed as an N-group over the
nearring itself, can be constructed easily via
`NGroupByNearRingMultiplication'.
\>NGroup( <G>, <nr>, <action> )
The function `NGroup' has three arguments. must be a group, the
nearring that acts on the group and <action> a binary operation from the
direct product of <G> and <nr> into <G>. It returns the N-group.
\beginexample
gap> G := GTW4_2;
4/2
gap> n := MapNearRing( G );
TransformationNearRing(4/2)
gap> action := function ( g, f )
> return Image( f, g );
> end;
function ( g, f ) ... end
gap> gamma := NGroup( G, n, action );
< N-group of TransformationNearRing(4/2) >
gap> IsNGroup( gamma );
true
gap> NearRingActingOnNGroup( gamma );
TransformationNearRing(4/2)
gap> ActionOfNearRingOnNGroup( gamma );
function ( g, f ) ... end
gap> Print( ActionOfNearRingOnNGroup( gamma ) );
function ( g, f )
return Image( f, g ); \endexample
\>NGroupByNearRingMultiplication( <nr> )
For every (left) nearring $(N,+,.)$ the group $(N,+)$ is an N-group
over $N$ with respect to nearring multiplication from the right as the
action. The function `NGroupByNearRingMultiplication' returns this
N-group of the nearring <nr>.
\beginexample
gap> n := LibraryNearRing( GTW8_2, 3 );
LibraryNearRing(8/2, 3)
gap> NGroupByNearRingMultiplication( n ) = GTW8_2;
true \endexample
\>NGroupByApplication( <tfmnr> )
For a nearring $T$ of transformations on a group $G$, $G$ is an
N-group of $T$ with the application of functions as the action. The
function `NGroupByApplication' returns this `N-group' of the nearring
<tfmnr>.
Another way to construct an N-Group is to take a nearring $N$, a right
ideal $R$ and let $N$ act on the factor $N/R$ in the canonical way.
This is accomplished by
\>NGroupByRightIdealFactor( <nr>, <R> )
The function `NGroupByRightIdealFactor' has two arguments, a nearring
<nr> and a right ideal <R>. It returns the N-group <nr>/<R>.
\beginexample
gap> N := LibraryNearRing( GTW4_2, 11 );
LibraryNearRing(4/2, 11)
gap> R := NearRingRightIdeals( N )[ 3 ];
< nearring right ideal >
gap> ng := NGroupByRightIdealFactor( N, R );
< N-group of LibraryNearRing(4/2, 11) >
gap> PrintTable( ng );
Let:
(0,0) := (())
(1,0) := ((3,4))
(0,1) := ((1,2))
(1,1) := ((1,2)(3,4))
--------------------------------------------------------------------
g0 := <identity> of ...
g1 := f1
N = LibraryNearRing(4/2, 11) acts on
G = Group( [ f1 ] )
from the right by the following action:
It is assumed that <source> and <target> are subsets of the <nr>-group
<ngrp>. The function `NoetherianQuotient' computes the set of all
elements <f> of <nr> such that <source>$*$<f> is a subset of <target>.
If <target> is an <nr>-ideal of <ngrp>, the Noetherian quotient is
returned as a near ring ideal, if <target> is an <nr>-subgroup of
<ngrp>, a left ideal of <nr> is returned. Otherwise the result is a
subset of <nr>.
In the following example we let a nearring act on its group reduct and
compute the noetherian quotient $(I,I)_N$ for an ideal $I$ of $N$.
\beginexample
gap> N := LibraryNearRing( GTW12_3, 100 );
LibraryNearRing(12/3, 100)
gap> I := NearRingIdeals( N );
[ < nearring ideal >, < nearring ideal >, < nearring ideal > ]
gap> List(I,Size);
[ 1, 6, 12 ]
gap> NN := NGroupByNearRingMultiplication( N );
< N-group of LibraryNearRing(12/3, 100) >
gap> NoetherianQuotient( N, NN, GroupReduct(I[2]), GroupReduct(I[2]) );
< nearring ideal >
gap> Size(last);
12 \endexample
The function `NuRadical' has two arguments, a nearring and a number
<nu> which must be one of `0', `1/2', `1' and `2'. It returns the
$\nu$-radical for $\nu = 0, 1/2, 1, 2$ respectively.
\>NuRadicals( <nr> )
the function `NuRadicals' returns a record with the components `J_0', `J1_2',
`J1' and `J2' with the corresponding radicals.
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