(* Title: HOL/HOLCF/Fixrec.thy
Author: Franz Regensburger
Author: Amber Telfer and Brian Huffman
*)
theory Fixrec
imports Cprod Sprod Ssum Up One Tr Cfun
keywords
"fixrec" :: thy_defn
begin
section ‹Fixed point operator
and admissibility
›
subsection ‹Iteration
›
primrec iterate ::
"nat \ ('a \ 'a) \ ('a \ 'a)"
where
"iterate 0 = (\ F x. x)"
|
"iterate (Suc n) = (\ F x. F\(iterate n\F\x))"
text ‹Derive
inductive properties of iterate
from primitive recursion
›
lemma iterate_0 [simp]:
"iterate 0\F\x = x"
by simp
lemma iterate_Suc [simp]:
"iterate (Suc n)\F\x = F\(iterate n\F\x)"
by simp
declare iterate.simps [simp del]
lemma iterate_Suc2:
"iterate (Suc n)\F\x = iterate n\F\(F\x)"
by (induct n) simp_all
lemma iterate_iterate:
"iterate m\F\(iterate n\F\x) = iterate (m + n)\F\x"
by (induct m) simp_all
text ‹The sequence of
function iterations
is a chain.
›
lemma chain_iterate [simp]:
"chain (\i. iterate i\F\\)"
by (rule chainI, unfold iterate_Suc2, rule monofun_cfun_arg, rule minimal)
subsection ‹Least fixed point operator
›
definition "fix" ::
"('a::pcpo \ 'a) \ 'a"
where "fix = (\ F. \i. iterate i\F\\)"
text ‹Binder syntax for 🍋‹fix››
abbreviation fix_syn ::
"('a::pcpo \ 'a) \ 'a" (
binder ‹μ
› 10)
where "fix_syn (\x. f x) \ fix\(\ x. f x)"
notation (ASCII)
fix_syn (
binder ‹FIX › 10)
text ‹Properties of
🍋‹fix››
text ‹direct connection between
🍋‹fix› and iteration
›
lemma fix_def2:
"fix\F = (\i. iterate i\F\\)"
by (simp add: fix_def)
lemma iterate_below_fix:
"iterate n\f\\ \ fix\f"
unfolding fix_def2
using chain_iterate
by (rule is_ub_thelub)
text ‹
Kleene
's fixed point theorems for continuous functions in pointed
omega cpo
's
›
lemma fix_eq:
"fix\F = F\(fix\F)"
apply (simp add: fix_def2)
apply (subst lub_range_shift [of _ 1, symmetric])
apply (rule chain_iterate)
apply (subst contlub_cfun_arg)
apply (rule chain_iterate)
apply simp
done
lemma fix_least_below:
"F\x \ x \ fix\F \ x"
apply (simp add: fix_def2)
apply (rule lub_below)
apply (rule chain_iterate)
apply (induct_tac i)
apply simp
apply simp
apply (erule rev_below_trans)
apply (erule monofun_cfun_arg)
done
lemma fix_least:
"F\x = x \ fix\F \ x"
by (rule fix_least_below) simp
lemma fix_eqI:
assumes fixed:
"F\x = x"
and least:
"\z. F\z = z \ x \ z"
shows "fix\F = x"
apply (rule below_antisym)
apply (rule fix_least [OF fixed])
apply (rule least [OF fix_eq [symmetric]])
done
lemma fix_eq2:
"f \ fix\F \ f = F\f"
by (simp add: fix_eq [symmetric])
lemma fix_eq3:
"f \ fix\F \ f\x = F\f\x"
by (erule fix_eq2 [
THEN cfun_fun_cong])
lemma fix_eq4:
"f = fix\F \ f = F\f"
by (erule ssubst) (rule fix_eq)
lemma fix_eq5:
"f = fix\F \ f\x = F\f\x"
by (erule fix_eq4 [
THEN cfun_fun_cong])
text ‹strictness of
🍋‹fix››
lemma fix_bottom_iff:
"fix\F = \ \ F\\ = \"
apply (rule iffI)
apply (erule subst)
apply (rule fix_eq [symmetric])
apply (erule fix_least [
THEN bottomI])
done
lemma fix_strict:
"F\\ = \ \ fix\F = \"
by (simp add: fix_bottom_iff)
lemma fix_defined:
"F\\ \ \ \ fix\F \ \"
by (simp add: fix_bottom_iff)
text ‹🍋‹fix› applied
to identity
and constant functions
›
lemma fix_id:
"(\ x. x) = \"
by (simp add: fix_strict)
lemma fix_const:
"(\ x. c) = c"
by (subst fix_eq) simp
subsection ‹Fixed point
induction›
lemma fix_ind:
"adm P \ P \ \ (\x. P x \ P (F\x)) \ P (fix\F)"
unfolding fix_def2
apply (erule admD)
apply (rule chain_iterate)
apply (rule nat_induct, simp_all)
done
lemma cont_fix_ind:
"cont F \ adm P \ P \ \ (\x. P x \ P (F x)) \ P (fix\(Abs_cfun F))"
by (simp add: fix_ind)
lemma def_fix_ind:
"\f \ fix\F; adm P; P \; \x. P x \ P (F\x)\ \ P f"
by (simp add: fix_ind)
lemma fix_ind2:
assumes adm:
"adm P"
assumes 0:
"P \" and 1:
"P (F\\)"
assumes step:
"\x. \P x; P (F\x)\ \ P (F\(F\x))"
shows "P (fix\F)"
unfolding fix_def2
apply (rule admD [OF adm chain_iterate])
apply (rule nat_less_induct)
apply (case_tac n)
apply (simp add: 0)
apply (case_tac nat)
apply (simp add: 1)
apply (frule_tac x=nat
in spec)
apply (simp add: step)
done
lemma parallel_fix_ind:
assumes adm:
"adm (\x. P (fst x) (snd x))"
assumes base:
"P \ \"
assumes step:
"\x y. P x y \ P (F\x) (G\y)"
shows "P (fix\F) (fix\G)"
proof -
from adm
have adm
': "adm (case_prod P)"
unfolding split_def .
have "P (iterate i\F\\) (iterate i\G\\)" for i
by (induct i) (simp add: base, simp add: step)
then have "\i. case_prod P (iterate i\F\\, iterate i\G\\)"
by simp
then have "case_prod P (\i. (iterate i\F\\, iterate i\G\\))"
by - (rule admD [OF adm
'], simp, assumption)
then have "case_prod P (\i. iterate i\F\\, \i. iterate i\G\\)"
by (simp add: lub_Pair)
then have "P (\i. iterate i\F\\) (\i. iterate i\G\\)"
by simp
then show "P (fix\F) (fix\G)"
by (simp add: fix_def2)
qed
lemma cont_parallel_fix_ind:
assumes "cont F" and "cont G"
assumes "adm (\x. P (fst x) (snd x))"
assumes "P \ \"
assumes "\x y. P x y \ P (F x) (G y)"
shows "P (fix\(Abs_cfun F)) (fix\(Abs_cfun G))"
by (rule parallel_fix_ind) (simp_all add: assms)
subsection ‹Fixed-points on product
types›
text ‹
Bekic
's Theorem: Simultaneous fixed points over pairs
can be written
in terms of separate fixed points.
›
lemma fix_cprod:
fixes F ::
"'a::pcpo \ 'b::pcpo \ 'a \ 'b"
shows
"fix\F =
(μ x. fst (F
⋅(x, μ y. snd (F
⋅(x, y)))),
μ y. snd (F
⋅(μ x. fst (F
⋅(x, μ y. snd (F
⋅(x, y)))), y)))
"
(
is "fix\F = (?x, ?y)")
proof (rule fix_eqI)
have *:
"fst (F\(?x, ?y)) = ?x"
by (rule trans [symmetric, OF fix_eq], simp)
have "snd (F\(?x, ?y)) = ?y"
by (rule trans [symmetric, OF fix_eq], simp)
with *
show "F\(?x, ?y) = (?x, ?y)"
by (simp add: prod_eq_iff)
next
fix z
assume F_z:
"F\z = z"
obtain x y
where z:
"z = (x, y)" by (rule prod.exhaust)
from F_z z
have F_x:
"fst (F\(x, y)) = x" by simp
from F_z z
have F_y:
"snd (F\(x, y)) = y" by simp
let ?y1 =
"\ y. snd (F\(x, y))"
have "?y1 \ y"
by (rule fix_least) (simp add: F_y)
then have "fst (F\(x, ?y1)) \ fst (F\(x, y))"
by (simp add: fst_monofun monofun_cfun)
with F_x
have "fst (F\(x, ?y1)) \ x"
by simp
then have *:
"?x \ x"
by (simp add: fix_least_below)
then have "snd (F\(?x, y)) \ snd (F\(x, y))"
by (simp add: snd_monofun monofun_cfun)
with F_y
have "snd (F\(?x, y)) \ y"
by simp
then have "?y \ y"
by (simp add: fix_least_below)
with z *
show "(?x, ?y) \ z"
by simp
qed
section "Package for defining recursive functions in HOLCF"
subsection ‹Pattern-match monad
›
pcpodef 'a match = "UNIV::(one ++ 'a u) set
"
by simp_all
definition
fail ::
"'a match" where
"fail = Abs_match (sinl\ONE)"
definition
succeed ::
"'a \ 'a match" where
"succeed = (\ x. Abs_match (sinr\(up\x)))"
lemma matchE [case_names bottom fail succeed, cases type: match]:
"\p = \ \ Q; p = fail \ Q; \x. p = succeed\x \ Q\ \ Q"
unfolding fail_def succeed_def
apply (cases p, rename_tac r)
apply (rule_tac p=r
in ssumE, simp add: Abs_match_strict)
apply (rule_tac p=x
in oneE, simp, simp)
apply (rule_tac p=y
in upE, simp, simp add: cont_Abs_match)
done
lemma succeed_defined [simp]:
"succeed\x \ \"
by (simp add: succeed_def cont_Abs_match Abs_match_bottom_iff)
lemma fail_defined [simp]:
"fail \ \"
by (simp add: fail_def Abs_match_bottom_iff)
lemma succeed_eq [simp]:
"(succeed\x = succeed\y) = (x = y)"
by (simp add: succeed_def cont_Abs_match Abs_match_inject)
lemma succeed_neq_fail [simp]:
"succeed\x \ fail" "fail \ succeed\x"
by (simp_all add: succeed_def fail_def cont_Abs_match Abs_match_inject)
subsubsection
‹Run operator
›
definition
run ::
"'a match \ 'a::pcpo" where
"run = (\ m. sscase\\\(fup\ID)\(Rep_match m))"
text ‹rewrite rules
for run
›
lemma run_strict [simp]:
"run\\ = \"
unfolding run_def
by (simp add: cont_Rep_match Rep_match_strict)
lemma run_fail [simp]:
"run\fail = \"
unfolding run_def fail_def
by (simp add: cont_Rep_match Abs_match_inverse)
lemma run_succeed [simp]:
"run\(succeed\x) = x"
unfolding run_def succeed_def
by (simp add: cont_Rep_match cont_Abs_match Abs_match_inverse)
subsubsection
‹Monad plus operator
›
definition
mplus ::
"'a match \ 'a match \ 'a match" where
"mplus = (\ m1 m2. sscase\(\ _. m2)\(\ _. m1)\(Rep_match m1))"
abbreviation
mplus_syn ::
"['a match, 'a match] \ 'a match" (
infixr ‹+++
› 65)
where
"m1 +++ m2 == mplus\m1\m2"
text ‹rewrite rules
for mplus
›
lemma mplus_strict [simp]:
"\ +++ m = \"
unfolding mplus_def
by (simp add: cont_Rep_match Rep_match_strict)
lemma mplus_fail [simp]:
"fail +++ m = m"
unfolding mplus_def fail_def
by (simp add: cont_Rep_match Abs_match_inverse)
lemma mplus_succeed [simp]:
"succeed\x +++ m = succeed\x"
unfolding mplus_def succeed_def
by (simp add: cont_Rep_match cont_Abs_match Abs_match_inverse)
lemma mplus_fail2 [simp]:
"m +++ fail = m"
by (cases m, simp_all)
lemma mplus_assoc:
"(x +++ y) +++ z = x +++ (y +++ z)"
by (cases x, simp_all)
subsection ‹Match functions
for built-in
types›
definition
match_bottom ::
"'a::pcpo \ 'c match \ 'c match"
where
"match_bottom = (\ x k. seq\x\fail)"
definition
match_Pair ::
"'a \ 'b \ ('a \ 'b \ 'c match) \ 'c match"
where
"match_Pair = (\ x k. csplit\k\x)"
definition
match_spair ::
"'a::pcpo \ 'b::pcpo \ ('a \ 'b \ 'c match) \ 'c::pcpo match"
where
"match_spair = (\ x k. ssplit\k\x)"
definition
match_sinl ::
"'a::pcpo \ 'b::pcpo \ ('a \ 'c::pcpo match) \ 'c match"
where
"match_sinl = (\ x k. sscase\k\(\ b. fail)\x)"
definition
match_sinr ::
"'a::pcpo \ 'b::pcpo \ ('b \ 'c::pcpo match) \ 'c match"
where
"match_sinr = (\ x k. sscase\(\ a. fail)\k\x)"
definition
match_up ::
"'a u \ ('a \ 'c::pcpo match) \ 'c match"
where
"match_up = (\ x k. fup\k\x)"
definition
match_ONE ::
"one \ 'c::pcpo match \ 'c match"
where
"match_ONE = (\ ONE k. k)"
definition
match_TT ::
"tr \ 'c::pcpo match \ 'c match"
where
"match_TT = (\ x k. If x then k else fail)"
definition
match_FF ::
"tr \ 'c::pcpo match \ 'c match"
where
"match_FF = (\ x k. If x then fail else k)"
lemma match_bottom_simps [simp]:
"match_bottom\x\k = (if x = \ then \ else fail)"
by (simp add: match_bottom_def)
lemma match_Pair_simps [simp]:
"match_Pair\(x, y)\k = k\x\y"
by (simp_all add: match_Pair_def)
lemma match_spair_simps [simp]:
"\x \ \; y \ \\ \ match_spair\(:x, y:)\k = k\x\y"
"match_spair\\\k = \"
by (simp_all add: match_spair_def)
lemma match_sinl_simps [simp]:
"x \ \ \ match_sinl\(sinl\x)\k = k\x"
"y \ \ \ match_sinl\(sinr\y)\k = fail"
"match_sinl\\\k = \"
by (simp_all add: match_sinl_def)
lemma match_sinr_simps [simp]:
"x \ \ \ match_sinr\(sinl\x)\k = fail"
"y \ \ \ match_sinr\(sinr\y)\k = k\y"
"match_sinr\\\k = \"
by (simp_all add: match_sinr_def)
lemma match_up_simps [simp]:
"match_up\(up\x)\k = k\x"
"match_up\\\k = \"
by (simp_all add: match_up_def)
lemma match_ONE_simps [simp]:
"match_ONE\ONE\k = k"
"match_ONE\\\k = \"
by (simp_all add: match_ONE_def)
lemma match_TT_simps [simp]:
"match_TT\TT\k = k"
"match_TT\FF\k = fail"
"match_TT\\\k = \"
by (simp_all add: match_TT_def)
lemma match_FF_simps [simp]:
"match_FF\FF\k = k"
"match_FF\TT\k = fail"
"match_FF\\\k = \"
by (simp_all add: match_FF_def)
subsection ‹Mutual recursion
›
text ‹
The following rules are used
to prove
unfolding theorems from
fixed-point definitions of mutually recursive functions.
›
lemma Pair_equalI:
"\x \ fst p; y \ snd p\ \ (x, y) \ p"
by simp
lemma Pair_eqD1:
"(x, y) = (x', y') \ x = x'"
by simp
lemma Pair_eqD2:
"(x, y) = (x', y') \ y = y'"
by simp
lemma def_cont_fix_eq:
"\f \ fix\(Abs_cfun F); cont F\ \ f = F f"
by (simp, subst fix_eq, simp)
lemma def_cont_fix_ind:
"\f \ fix\(Abs_cfun F); cont F; adm P; P \; \x. P x \ P (F x)\ \ P f"
by (simp add: fix_ind)
text ‹lemma for proving rewrite rules
›
lemma ssubst_lhs:
"\t = s; P s = Q\ \ P t = Q"
by simp
subsection ‹Initializing the
fixrec package
›
ML_file
‹Tools/holcf_library.ML
›
ML_file
‹Tools/
fixrec.ML
›
method_setup fixrec_simp =
‹
Scan.succeed (SIMPLE_METHOD
' o Fixrec.fixrec_simp_tac)
› "pattern prover for fixrec constants"
setup ‹
Fixrec.add_matchers
[ (
🍋‹up
›,
🍋‹match_up
›),
(
🍋‹sinl
›,
🍋‹match_sinl
›),
(
🍋‹sinr
›,
🍋‹match_sinr
›),
(
🍋‹spair
›,
🍋‹match_spair
›),
(
🍋‹Pair
›,
🍋‹match_Pair
›),
(
🍋‹ONE
›,
🍋‹match_ONE
›),
(
🍋‹TT
›,
🍋‹match_TT
›),
(
🍋‹FF
›,
🍋‹match_FF
›),
(
🍋‹bottom
›,
🍋‹match_bottom
›) ]
›
hide_const (
open) succeed fail run
end