lemma atLeastAtMost_conv_list [code_unfold]: ‹set.F g {a..b} = list.F (map g (List.interval a b))› by (simp flip: List.set_interval_eq add: distinct_set_conv_list)
lemma atLeastLessThan_conv_list [code_unfold]: ‹set.F g {a..<b} = (let d = b - 1 inif d < b then list.F (map g (List.interval a d))
else 🚫1)› using List.atLeastLessThan_eq_interval [of a b] by (simp flip: List.set_interval_eq add: distinct_set_conv_list Let_def)
lemma greaterThanAtMost_conv_list [code_unfold]: ‹set.F g {a<..b} = (let c = a + 1 inif a < c then list.F (map g (List.interval c b))
else 🚫1)› using List.greaterThanAtMost_eq_interval [of a b] by (simp flip: List.set_interval_eq add: distinct_set_conv_list Let_def)
lemma greaterThanLessThan_conv_list [code_unfold]: ‹set.F g {a<..<b} = (let c = a + 1; d = b - 1 inif a < c ∧ d < b then list.F (map g (List.interval (a + 1) (b - 1)))
else 🚫1)› using List.greaterThanLessThan_eq_interval [of a b] by (simp flip: List.set_interval_eq add: distinct_set_conv_list Let_def)
end
subsection‹List summation›
context monoid_add begin
sublocale sum_list: monoid_list plus 0 defines
sum_list = sum_list.F ..
end
context comm_monoid_add begin
sublocale sum_list: comm_monoid_list plus 0
rewrites "monoid_list.F plus 0 = sum_list" proof - show"comm_monoid_list plus 0" .. theninterpret sum_list: comm_monoid_list plus 0 . from sum_list_def show"monoid_list.F plus 0 = sum_list"by simp qed
sublocale sum: comm_monoid_list_set plus 0
rewrites "monoid_list.F plus 0 = sum_list" and"comm_monoid_set.F plus 0 = sum" proof - show"comm_monoid_list_set plus 0" .. theninterpret sum: comm_monoid_list_set plus 0 . from sum_list_def show"monoid_list.F plus 0 = sum_list"by simp from sum_def show"comm_monoid_set.F plus 0 = sum"by (auto intro: sym) qed
end
text‹Some syntactic sugar for summing a function over a list:›
open_bundle sum_list_syntax begin
syntax (ASCII) "_sum_list" :: "pttrn => 'a list => 'b => 'b" (‹(‹indent=3 notation=‹binder SUM››SUM _<-_. _)› [0, 51, 10] 10) syntax "_sum_list" :: "pttrn => 'a list => 'b => 'b" (‹(‹indent=3 notation=‹binder∑››∑_←_. _)› [0, 51, 10] 10)
syntax_consts "_sum_list" == sum_list translations🍋‹Beware of argument permutation!› "\x\xs. b" == "CONST sum_list (CONST map (\x. b) xs)"
end
context includes lifting_syntax begin
lemma sum_list_transfer [transfer_rule]: "(list_all2 A ===> A) sum_list sum_list" if [transfer_rule]: "A 0 0""(A ===> A ===> A) (+) (+)" unfolding sum_list.eq_foldr [abs_def] by transfer_prover
lemma (in monoid_add) fold_plus_sum_list_rev: "fold plus xs = plus (sum_list (rev xs))" proof fix x have"fold plus xs x = sum_list (rev xs @ [x])" by (simp add: foldr_conv_fold sum_list.eq_foldr) alsohave"\ = sum_list (rev xs) + x" by simp finallyshow"fold plus xs x = sum_list (rev xs) + x"
. qed
lemma sum_list_of_nat: "sum_list (map of_nat xs) = of_nat (sum_list xs)" by (induction xs) auto
lemma sum_list_of_int: "sum_list (map of_int xs) = of_int (sum_list xs)" by (induction xs) auto
lemma count_list_concat: "count_list (concat xss) x = sum_list (map (\xs. count_list xs x) xss)" by(induction xss) auto
lemma (in comm_monoid_add) sum_list_map_remove1: "x \ set xs \ sum_list (map f xs) = f x + sum_list (map f (remove1 x xs))" by (induct xs) (auto simp add: ac_simps)
lemma (in monoid_add) size_list_conv_sum_list: "size_list f xs = sum_list (map f xs) + size xs" by (induct xs) auto
lemma (in monoid_add) length_concat: "length (concat xss) = sum_list (map length xss)" by (induct xss) simp_all
lemma (in monoid_add) sum_list_map_filter: assumes"\x. x \ set xs \ \ P x \ f x = 0" shows"sum_list (map f (filter P xs)) = sum_list (map f xs)" using assms by (induct xs) auto
lemma sum_list_filter_le_nat: fixes f :: "'a \ nat" shows"sum_list (map f (filter P xs)) \ sum_list (map f xs)" by(induction xs; simp)
lemma (in comm_monoid_add) distinct_sum_list_conv_Sum: "distinct xs \ sum_list xs = Sum (set xs)" by (metis local.sum.set_conv_list local.sum_list_def map_ident remdups_id_iff_distinct)
lemma sum_list_nonneg: "(\x. x \ set xs \ 0 \ x) \ 0 \ sum_list xs" by (induction xs) auto
lemma sum_list_nonpos: "(\x. x \ set xs \ x \ 0) \ sum_list xs \ 0" by (induction xs) (auto simp: add_nonpos_nonpos)
lemma sum_list_nonneg_eq_0_iff: "(\x. x \ set xs \ 0 \ x) \ sum_list xs = 0 \ (\x\ set xs. x = 0)" by (induction xs) (simp_all add: add_nonneg_eq_0_iff sum_list_nonneg)
end
context canonically_ordered_monoid_add begin
lemma sum_list_eq_0_iff [simp]: "sum_list ns = 0 \ (\n \ set ns. n = 0)" by (simp add: sum_list_nonneg_eq_0_iff)
lemma member_le_sum_list: "x \ set xs \ x \ sum_list xs" by (induction xs) (auto simp: add_increasing add_increasing2)
lemma elem_le_sum_list: "k < size ns \ ns ! k \ sum_list (ns)" by (simp add: member_le_sum_list)
end
lemma (in ordered_cancel_comm_monoid_diff) sum_list_update: "k < size xs \ sum_list (xs[k := x]) = sum_list xs + x - xs ! k" proof (induction xs arbitrary:k) case Nil thenshow ?caseby auto next case (Cons a xs) thenshow ?case apply (simp add: add_ac split: nat.split) using add_increasing diff_add_assoc elem_le_sum_list zero_le by force qed
lemma (in monoid_add) sum_list_triv: "(\x\xs. r) = of_nat (length xs) * r" by (induct xs) (simp_all add: distrib_right)
lemma (in monoid_add) sum_list_0 [simp]: "(\x\xs. 0) = 0" by (induct xs) (simp_all add: distrib_right)
text‹For non-Abelian groups ‹xs› needs to be reversed on one side:› lemma (in ab_group_add) uminus_sum_list_map: "- sum_list (map f xs) = sum_list (map (uminus \ f) xs)" by (induct xs) simp_all
lemma (in comm_monoid_add) sum_list_addf: "(\x\xs. f x + g x) = sum_list (map f xs) + sum_list (map g xs)" by (induct xs) (simp_all add: algebra_simps)
lemma (in ab_group_add) sum_list_subtractf: "(\x\xs. f x - g x) = sum_list (map f xs) - sum_list (map g xs)" by (induct xs) (simp_all add: algebra_simps)
lemma (in semiring_0) sum_list_const_mult: "(\x\xs. c * f x) = c * (\x\xs. f x)" by (induct xs) (simp_all add: algebra_simps)
lemma (in semiring_0) sum_list_mult_const: "(\x\xs. f x * c) = (\x\xs. f x) * c" by (induct xs) (simp_all add: algebra_simps)
lemma (in ordered_ab_group_add_abs) sum_list_abs: "\sum_list xs\ \ sum_list (map abs xs)" by (induct xs) (simp_all add: order_trans [OF abs_triangle_ineq])
lemma sum_list_mono: fixes f g :: "'a \ 'b::{monoid_add, ordered_ab_semigroup_add}" shows"(\x. x \ set xs \ f x \ g x) \ (\x\xs. f x) \ (\x\xs. g x)" by (induct xs) (simp, simp add: add_mono)
lemma sum_list_strict_mono: fixes f g :: "'a \ 'b::{monoid_add, strict_ordered_ab_semigroup_add}" shows"\ xs \ []; \x. x \ set xs \ f x < g x \ ==> sum_list (map f xs) < sum_list (map g xs)" proof (induction xs) case Nil thus ?caseby simp next case C: (Cons _ xs) show ?case proof (cases xs) case Nil thus ?thesis using C.prems by simp next case Cons thus ?thesis using C by(simp add: add_strict_mono) qed qed
text‹A much more general version of this monotonicity lemma
can be formulated with multisets and the multiset order›
lemma (in monoid_add) sum_list_distinct_conv_sum_set: "distinct xs \ sum_list (map f xs) = sum f (set xs)" by (induct xs) simp_all
lemma (in monoid_add) interv_sum_list_conv_sum_set_nat: "sum_list (map f [m.. by (simp add: sum_list_distinct_conv_sum_set)
lemma (in monoid_add) interv_sum_list_conv_sum_set_int: "sum_list (map f [k..l]) = sum f (set [k..l])" by (simp add: sum_list_distinct_conv_sum_set)
text‹General equivalence between 🍋‹sum_list›and🍋‹sum›› lemma (in monoid_add) sum_list_sum_nth: "sum_list xs = (\ i = 0 ..< length xs. xs ! i)" using interv_sum_list_conv_sum_set_nat [of "(!) xs" 0 "length xs"] by (simp add: map_nth)
lemma sum_list_map_eq_sum_count: "sum_list (map f xs) = sum (\x. count_list xs x * f x) (set xs)" proof(induction xs) case (Cons x xs) show ?case (is"?l = ?r") proof cases assume"x \ set xs" have"?l = f x + (\x\set xs. count_list xs x * f x)"by (simp add: Cons.IH) alsohave"set xs = insert x (set xs - {x})"using‹x ∈ set xs›by blast alsohave"f x + (\x\insert x (set xs - {x}). count_list xs x * f x) = ?r" by (simp add: sum.insert_remove eq_commute) finallyshow ?thesis . next assume"x \ set xs" hence"\xa. xa \ set xs \ x \ xa"by blast thus ?thesis by (simp add: Cons.IH ‹x ∉ set xs›) qed qed simp
lemma sum_list_map_eq_sum_count2: assumes"set xs \ X""finite X" shows"sum_list (map f xs) = sum (\x. count_list xs x * f x) X"
proof- let ?F = "\x. count_list xs x * f x" have"sum ?F X = sum ?F (set xs \ (X - set xs))" using Un_absorb1[OF assms(1)] by(simp) alsohave"\ = sum ?F (set xs)" using assms(2) by(simp add: sum.union_disjoint[OF _ _ Diff_disjoint] del: Un_Diff_cancel) finallyshow ?thesis by(simp add:sum_list_map_eq_sum_count) qed
lemma sum_list_replicate: "sum_list (replicate n c) = of_nat n * c" by(induction n)(auto simp add: distrib_right)
lemma sum_list_nonneg: "(\x. x \ set xs \ (x :: 'a :: ordered_comm_monoid_add) \ 0) \ sum_list xs \ 0" by (induction xs) simp_all
lemma (in monoid_add) sum_list_map_filter': "sum_list (map f (filter P xs)) = sum_list (map (\x. if P x then f x else 0) xs)" by (induction xs) simp_all
text‹Summation of a strictly ascending sequence with length ‹n›
can be upper-bounded by summation over ‹{0..<n}›.›
lemma sorted_wrt_less_sum_mono_lowerbound: fixes f :: "nat \ ('b::ordered_comm_monoid_add)" assumes mono: "\x y. x\y \ f x \ f y" shows"sorted_wrt (<) ns \
(∑i∈{0..<length ns}. f i) ≤ (∑i←ns. f i)" proof (induction ns rule: rev_induct) case Nil thenshow ?caseby simp next case (snoc n ns) have"sum f {0..
= sum f {0..<length ns} + f (length ns)" by simp alsohave"sum f {0.. sum_list (map f ns)" using snoc by (auto simp: sorted_wrt_append) alsohave"length ns \ n" using sorted_wrt_less_idx[OF snoc.prems(1), of "length ns"] by auto finallyhave"sum f {0.. sum_list (map f ns) + f n" using mono add_mono by blast thus ?caseby simp qed
(*Note that we also have this for class canonically_ordered_monoid_add*) lemma member_le_sum_list: fixes x :: "'a :: ordered_comm_monoid_add" assumes"x \ set xs""\x. x \ set xs \ x \ 0" shows"x \ sum_list xs" using assms proof (induction xs) case (Cons y xs) show ?case proof (cases "y = x") case True have"x + 0 \ x + sum_list xs" by (intro add_mono order.refl sum_list_nonneg) (use Cons in auto) thus ?thesis using True by auto next case False have"0 + x \ y + sum_list xs" by (intro add_mono Cons.IH Cons.prems) (use Cons.prems False in auto) thus ?thesis by auto qed qed auto
subsection‹Horner sums›
context comm_semiring_0 begin
definition horner_sum :: ‹('b \ 'a) ==>'a \ 'b list ==>'a\ where horner_sum_foldr: ‹horner_sum f a xs = foldr (λx b. f x + a * b) xs 0›
lemma horner_sum_simps [simp]: ‹horner_sum f a [] = 0› ‹horner_sum f a (x # xs) = f x + a * horner_sum f a xs› by (simp_all add: horner_sum_foldr)
lemma horner_sum_eq_sum_funpow: ‹horner_sum f a xs = (∑n = 0..<length xs. ((*) a ^^ n) (f (xs ! n)))\<close> proof (induction xs) case Nil thenshow ?case by simp next case (Cons x xs) thenshow ?case by (simp add: sum.atLeast0_lessThan_Suc_shift sum_distrib_left del: sum.op_ivl_Suc) qed
end
context includes lifting_syntax begin
lemma horner_sum_transfer [transfer_rule]: ‹((B ===> A) ===> A ===> list_all2 B ===> A) horner_sum horner_sum› if [transfer_rule]: ‹A 0 0› and [transfer_rule]: ‹(A ===> A ===> A) (+) (+)› and [transfer_rule]: ‹(A ===> A ===> A) (*) (*)\<close> by (unfold horner_sum_foldr) transfer_prover
end
context comm_semiring_1 begin
lemma horner_sum_eq_sum: ‹horner_sum f a xs = (∑n = 0..<length xs. f (xs ! n) * a ^ n)› proof - have‹(*) a ^^ n = (*) (a ^ n)\<close> for n by (induction n) (simp_all add: ac_simps) thenshow ?thesis by (simp add: horner_sum_eq_sum_funpow ac_simps) qed
lemma horner_sum_append: ‹horner_sum f a (xs @ ys) = horner_sum f a xs + a ^ length xs * horner_sum f a ys› using sum.atLeastLessThan_shift_bounds [of _ 0 ‹length xs›‹length ys›]
atLeastLessThan_add_Un [of 0 ‹length xs›‹length ys›] by (simp add: horner_sum_eq_sum sum_distrib_left sum.union_disjoint ac_simps nth_append power_add)
lemma horner_sum_less_eq_iff_lexordp_eq: ‹horner_sum of_bool 2 bs ≤ horner_sum of_bool 2 cs ⟷ lexordp_eq (rev bs) (rev cs)› if‹length bs = length cs› proof - have‹horner_sum of_bool 2 (rev bs) ≤ horner_sum of_bool 2 (rev cs) ⟷ lexordp_eq bs cs› if‹length bs = length cs›for bs cs using that proof (induction bs cs rule: list_induct2) case Nil thenshow ?case by simp next case (Cons b bs c cs) with horner_sum_nonnegative [of ‹rev bs›] horner_sum_nonnegative [of ‹rev cs›]
horner_sum_bound [of ‹rev bs›] horner_sum_bound [of ‹rev cs›] show ?case by (auto simp add: horner_sum_append not_le Cons intro: add_strict_increasing2 add_increasing) qed from that this [of ‹rev bs›‹rev cs›] show ?thesis by simp qed
lemma horner_sum_less_iff_lexordp: ‹horner_sum of_bool 2 bs < horner_sum of_bool 2 cs ⟷ ord_class.lexordp (rev bs) (rev cs)› if‹length bs = length cs› proof - have‹horner_sum of_bool 2 (rev bs) < horner_sum of_bool 2 (rev cs) ⟷ ord_class.lexordp bs cs› if‹length bs = length cs›for bs cs using that proof (induction bs cs rule: list_induct2) case Nil thenshow ?case by simp next case (Cons b bs c cs) with horner_sum_nonnegative [of ‹rev bs›] horner_sum_nonnegative [of ‹rev cs›]
horner_sum_bound [of ‹rev bs›] horner_sum_bound [of ‹rev cs›] show ?case by (auto simp add: horner_sum_append not_less Cons intro: add_strict_increasing2 add_increasing) qed from that this [of ‹rev bs›‹rev cs›] show ?thesis by simp qed
end
subsection‹Further facts about 🍋‹List.n_lists››
lemma length_n_lists: "length (List.n_lists n xs) = length xs ^ n" by (induct n) (auto simp add: comp_def length_concat sum_list_triv)
lemma distinct_n_lists: assumes"distinct xs" shows"distinct (List.n_lists n xs)" proof (rule card_distinct) from assms have card_length: "card (set xs) = length xs"by (rule distinct_card) have"card (set (List.n_lists n xs)) = card (set xs) ^ n" proof (induct n) case 0 thenshow ?caseby simp next case (Suc n) moreoverhave"card (\ys\set (List.n_lists n xs). (\y. y # ys) ` set xs)
= (∑ys∈set (List.n_lists n xs). card ((λy. y # ys) ` set xs))" by (rule card_UN_disjoint) auto moreoverhave"\ys. card ((\y. y # ys) ` set xs) = card (set xs)" by (rule card_image) (simp add: inj_on_def) ultimatelyshow ?caseby auto qed alsohave"\ = length xs ^ n"by (simp add: card_length) finallyshow"card (set (List.n_lists n xs)) = length (List.n_lists n xs)" by (simp add: length_n_lists) qed
subsection‹Tools setup›
lemmas sum_code = sum.set_conv_list
lemma sum_set_upto_conv_sum_list_int: "sum f (set [i..j::int]) = sum_list (map f [i..j])" by (simp add: interv_sum_list_conv_sum_set_int)
lemma sum_set_upt_conv_sum_list_nat: "sum f (set [m.. by (simp add: interv_sum_list_conv_sum_set_nat)
subsection‹List product›
context monoid_mult begin
sublocale prod_list: monoid_list times 1 defines
prod_list = prod_list.F ..
end
context comm_monoid_mult begin
sublocale prod_list: comm_monoid_list times 1
rewrites "monoid_list.F times 1 = prod_list" proof - show"comm_monoid_list times 1" .. theninterpret prod_list: comm_monoid_list times 1 . from prod_list_def show"monoid_list.F times 1 = prod_list"by simp qed
sublocale prod: comm_monoid_list_set times 1
rewrites "monoid_list.F times 1 = prod_list" and"comm_monoid_set.F times 1 = prod" proof - show"comm_monoid_list_set times 1" .. theninterpret prod: comm_monoid_list_set times 1 . from prod_list_def show"monoid_list.F times 1 = prod_list"by simp from prod_def show"comm_monoid_set.F times 1 = prod"by (auto intro: sym) qed
end
text‹Some syntactic sugar:›
open_bundle prod_list_syntax begin
syntax (ASCII) "_prod_list" :: "pttrn => 'a list => 'b => 'b" (‹(‹indent=3 notation=‹binder PROD››PROD _<-_. _)› [0, 51, 10] 10) syntax "_prod_list" :: "pttrn => 'a list => 'b => 'b" (‹(‹indent=3 notation=‹binder∏››∏_←_. _)› [0, 51, 10] 10)
syntax_consts "_prod_list"⇌ prod_list translations🍋‹Beware of argument permutation!› "\x\xs. b"⇌"CONST prod_list (CONST map (\x. b) xs)"
end
context includes lifting_syntax begin
lemma prod_list_transfer [transfer_rule]: "(list_all2 A ===> A) prod_list prod_list" if [transfer_rule]: "A 1 1""(A ===> A ===> A) (*) (*)" unfolding prod_list.eq_foldr [abs_def] by transfer_prover
end
lemma prod_list_zero_iff: "prod_list xs = 0 \ (0 :: 'a :: {semiring_no_zero_divisors, semiring_1}) \ set xs" by (induction xs) simp_all
lemma prod_list_nonneg: "(\ x. (x :: 'a :: ordered_semiring_1) \ set xs \ x \ 0) \ prod_list xs \ 0" by (induct xs) auto
lemma prod_list_replicate[simp]: "prod_list (replicate n a) = a ^ n" by (induct n) auto
lemma prod_list_power: fixes xs :: "'a :: comm_monoid_mult list" shows"prod_list xs ^ n = (\x\xs. x ^ n)" by (induct xs, auto simp: power_mult_distrib)
lemma prod_list_dvd: assumes"(x :: 'a :: comm_monoid_mult) \ set xs" shows"x dvd prod_list xs" by (metis assms dvd_mult dvd_triv_left in_set_conv_decomp prod_list.Cons prod_list.append)
end
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