// clns-XX is a linker namespace that is created for normal apps installed in // the data partition. To be specific, it is created for the app classloader. // When System.load() is called from a Java class that is loaded from the // classloader, the clns namespace associated with that classloader is selected // for dlopen. The namespace is configured so that its search path is set to the // app-local JNI directory and it is linked to the system namespace with the // names of libs listed in the public.libraries.txt and other public libraries. // This way an app can only load its own JNI libraries along with the public // libs.
constexpr constchar* kClassloaderNamespaceName = "clns"; // Same thing for unbundled APKs in the vendor partition.
constexpr constchar* kVendorClassloaderNamespaceName = "vendor-clns"; // Same thing for unbundled APKs in the product partition.
constexpr constchar* kProductClassloaderNamespaceName = "product-clns"; // If the namespace is shared then add this suffix to help identify it in debug // messages. A shared namespace (cf. ANDROID_NAMESPACE_TYPE_SHARED) has // inherited all the libraries of the parent classloader namespace, or the // system namespace for the main app classloader. It is used to give full access // to the platform libraries for apps bundled in the system image, including // their later updates installed in /data.
constexpr constchar* kSharedNamespaceSuffix = "-shared";
// (http://b/27588281) This is a workaround for apps using custom classloaders and calling // System.load() with an absolute path which is outside of the classloader library search path. // This list includes all directories app is allowed to access this way.
constexpr constchar* kAlwaysPermittedDirectories = "/data:/mnt/expand";
constexpr constchar* kVendorLibPath = "/vendor/" LIB; // TODO(mast): It's unlikely that both paths are necessary for kProductLibPath // below, because they can't be two separate directories - either one has to be // a symlink to the other.
constexpr constchar* kProductLibPath = "/product/" LIB ":/system/product/" LIB;
const std::regex kVendorPathRegex("(/system)?/vendor/.*"); const std::regex kProductPathRegex("(/system)?/product/.*"); const std::regex kSystemPathRegex("/system(_ext)?/.*"); // MUST be tested last. const std::regex kPartitionNativeLibPathRegex( "/(system|(system/)?(system_ext|vendor|product))/lib(64)?/.*");
// Returns the API domain for a ':'-separated list of paths, or an error if they // match more than one. This function does not recognize API_DOMAIN_SYSTEM and // will return API_DOMAIN_DEFAULT instead.
Result<ApiDomain> GetApiDomainFromPathList(const std::string& path_list) {
ApiDomain result = API_DOMAIN_DEFAULT;
size_t start_pos = 0; while (true) {
size_t end_pos = path_list.find(':', start_pos);
ApiDomain api_domain =
GetApiDomainFromPath(std::string_view(path_list).substr(start_pos, end_pos)); if (api_domain == API_DOMAIN_VENDOR || api_domain == API_DOMAIN_PRODUCT) { if ((result == API_DOMAIN_VENDOR || result == API_DOMAIN_PRODUCT) && result != api_domain) { // Fail only if the path list has both vendor and product paths. Allow // combinations of either with API_DOMAIN_SYSTEM and API_DOMAIN_DEFAULT, // because the path list we get here may contain shared Java system // libraries and app APKs which may be in /data. return Error() << "Path list crosses vendor/product partition boundaries: " << path_list;
}
result = api_domain;
} if (end_pos == std::string::npos) { break;
}
start_pos = end_pos + 1;
} return result;
}
// Returns true if the given path is in a partition-wide native library location, // i.e. <partition root>/lib(64). bool IsPartitionNativeLibPath(const std::string& path) { return std::regex_match(path, kPartitionNativeLibPathRegex);
}
void LibraryNamespaces::Initialize() { // Once public namespace is initialized there is no // point in running this code - it will have no effect // on the current list of public libraries. if (initialized_) { return;
}
// Load the preloadable public libraries. Since libnativeloader is in the // com_android_art namespace, use OpenSystemLibrary rather than dlopen to // ensure the libraries are loaded in the system namespace. // // TODO(dimitry): this is a bit misleading since we do not know // if the vendor public library is going to be opened from /vendor/lib // we might as well end up loading them from /system/lib or /product/lib // For now we rely on CTS test to catch things like this but // it should probably be addressed in the future. for (const std::string& soname : android::base::Split(preloadable_public_libraries(), ":")) { void* handle = OpenSystemLibrary(soname.c_str(), RTLD_NOW | RTLD_NODELETE);
LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(handle == nullptr, "Error preloading public library %s: %s", soname.c_str(), dlerror());
}
}
// "ALL" is a magic name that allows all public libraries even when the // target SDK is > 30. Currently this is used for (Java) shared libraries // which don't use <uses-native-library> // TODO(b/142191088) remove this hack static constexpr constchar LIBRARY_ALL[] = "ALL";
// Returns the colon-separated list of library names by filtering uses_libraries from // public_libraries. The returned names will actually be available to the app. If the app is pre-S // (<= 30), the filtering is not done; the entire public_libraries are provided. staticconst std::string filter_public_libraries(
uint32_t target_sdk_version, const std::vector<std::string>& uses_libraries, const std::string& public_libraries) { // Apps targeting Android 11 or earlier gets all public libraries if (target_sdk_version <= 30) { return public_libraries;
} if (std::find(uses_libraries.begin(), uses_libraries.end(), LIBRARY_ALL) !=
uses_libraries.end()) { return public_libraries;
}
std::vector<std::string> filtered;
std::vector<std::string> orig = android::base::Split(public_libraries, ":"); for (const std::string& lib : uses_libraries) { if (std::find(orig.begin(), orig.end(), lib) != orig.end()) {
filtered.emplace_back(lib);
}
} return android::base::Join(filtered, ":");
}
std::vector<std::string> uses_libraries; if (uses_library_list_j != nullptr) {
ScopedUtfChars names(env, uses_library_list_j);
uses_libraries = android::base::Split(names.c_str(), ":");
} else { // uses_library_list_j could be nullptr when System.loadLibrary is called // from a custom classloader. In that case, we don't know the list of public // libraries because we don't know which apk the classloader is for. Only // choices we can have are 1) allowing all public libs (as before), or 2) // not allowing all but NDK libs. Here we take #1 because #2 would surprise // developers unnecessarily. // TODO(b/142191088) finalize the policy here. We could either 1) allow all // public libs, 2) disallow any lib, or 3) use the libs that were granted to // the first (i.e. app main) classloader.
uses_libraries.emplace_back(LIBRARY_ALL);
}
// (http://b/27588281) This is a workaround for apps using custom // classloaders and calling System.load() with an absolute path which // is outside of the classloader library search path. // // This part effectively allows such a classloader to access anything // under /data and /mnt/expand
std::string permitted_path = kAlwaysPermittedDirectories;
if (!is_shared) { if (api_domain == API_DOMAIN_VENDOR) {
unbundled_app_domain = API_DOMAIN_VENDOR;
api_domain_msg = "unbundled vendor apk";
// For vendor apks, give access to the vendor libs even though they are // treated as unbundled; the libs and apks are still bundled together in the // vendor partition.
library_path = library_path + ':' + kVendorLibPath;
permitted_path = permitted_path + ':' + kVendorLibPath;
// Also give access to LLNDK libraries since they are available to vendor.
system_exposed_libraries = system_exposed_libraries + ':' + llndk_libraries_vendor();
// Different name is useful for debugging
namespace_name = kVendorClassloaderNamespaceName;
} elseif (api_domain == API_DOMAIN_PRODUCT) {
unbundled_app_domain = API_DOMAIN_PRODUCT;
api_domain_msg = "unbundled product apk";
// Like for vendor apks, give access to the product libs since they are // bundled together in the same partition.
library_path = library_path + ':' + kProductLibPath;
permitted_path = permitted_path + ':' + kProductLibPath;
// Also give access to LLNDK libraries since they are available to product.
system_exposed_libraries = system_exposed_libraries + ':' + llndk_libraries_product();
// Different name is useful for debugging
namespace_name = kProductClassloaderNamespaceName;
}
}
if (is_shared) { // Show in the name that the namespace was created as shared, for debugging // purposes.
namespace_name = namespace_name + kSharedNamespaceSuffix;
}
// Append a unique number to the namespace name, to tell them apart when // debugging linker issues, e.g. with debug.ld.all set to "dlopen,dlerror". staticint clns_count = 0;
namespace_name = android::base::StringPrintf("%s-%d", namespace_name.c_str(), ++clns_count);
if (unbundled_app_domain != API_DOMAIN_VENDOR) { // Extended public libraries are NOT available to unbundled vendor apks, but // they are to other apps, including those in system, system_ext, and // product partitions. The reason is that when GSI is used, the system // partition may get replaced, and then vendor apps may fail. It's fine for // product apps, because that partition isn't mounted in GSI tests. const std::string libs =
filter_public_libraries(target_sdk_version, uses_libraries, extended_public_libraries()); if (!libs.empty()) {
ALOGD("Extending system_exposed_libraries: %s", libs.c_str());
system_exposed_libraries = system_exposed_libraries + ':' + libs;
}
}
// Create the app namespace
NativeLoaderNamespace* parent_ns = FindParentNamespaceByClassLoader(env, class_loader); // Heuristic: the first classloader with non-empty library_path is assumed to // be the main classloader for app // TODO(b/139178525) remove this heuristic by determining this in LoadedApk (or its // friends) and then passing it down to here. bool is_main_classloader = app_main_namespace_ == nullptr && !library_path.empty(); // Policy: the namespace for the main classloader is also used as the // anonymous namespace. bool also_used_as_anonymous = is_main_classloader; // Note: this function is executed with g_namespaces_mutex held, thus no // racing here.
Result<NativeLoaderNamespace> app_ns =
NativeLoaderNamespace::Create(namespace_name,
library_path,
permitted_path,
parent_ns,
is_shared,
target_sdk_version < 24/* is_exempt_list_enabled */,
also_used_as_anonymous); if (!app_ns.ok()) { return app_ns.error();
} // ... and link to other namespaces to allow access to some public libraries bool is_bridged = app_ns->IsBridged();
Result<NativeLoaderNamespace> system_ns = NativeLoaderNamespace::GetSystemNamespace(is_bridged); if (!system_ns.ok()) { return system_ns.error();
}
for (constauto&[apex_ns_name, public_libs] : apex_public_libraries()) {
Result<NativeLoaderNamespace> ns =
NativeLoaderNamespace::GetExportedNamespace(apex_ns_name, is_bridged); // Even if APEX namespace is visible, it may not be available to bridged. if (ns.ok()) {
linked = app_ns->Link(&ns.value(), public_libs); if (!linked.ok()) { return linked.error();
}
}
}
// Unlike system public libraries, vendor public libraries should be filtered // against <uses-native-library>. for (constauto& [apex_ns_name, public_libs] : vendor_apex_public_libraries()) { const std::string filtered_public_libs =
filter_public_libraries(target_sdk_version, uses_libraries, public_libs); if (filtered_public_libs.empty()) { continue;
}
Result<NativeLoaderNamespace> ns =
NativeLoaderNamespace::GetExportedNamespace(apex_ns_name, is_bridged); if (ns.ok()) {
linked = app_ns->Link(&ns.value(), filtered_public_libs); if (!linked.ok()) { return linked.error();
}
}
}
// Give access to VNDK-SP libraries from the 'vndk' namespace for unbundled vendor apps. if (unbundled_app_domain == API_DOMAIN_VENDOR && !vndksp_libraries_vendor().empty()) {
Result<NativeLoaderNamespace> vndk_ns =
NativeLoaderNamespace::GetExportedNamespace(kVndkNamespaceName, is_bridged); if (vndk_ns.ok()) {
linked = app_ns->Link(&vndk_ns.value(), vndksp_libraries_vendor()); if (!linked.ok()) { return linked.error();
}
}
}
// Give access to VNDK-SP libraries from the 'vndk_product' namespace for unbundled product apps. if (unbundled_app_domain == API_DOMAIN_PRODUCT && !vndksp_libraries_product().empty()) {
Result<NativeLoaderNamespace> vndk_ns =
NativeLoaderNamespace::GetExportedNamespace(kVndkProductNamespaceName, is_bridged); if (vndk_ns.ok()) {
linked = app_ns->Link(&vndk_ns.value(), vndksp_libraries_product()); if (!linked.ok()) { return linked.error();
}
}
}
for (const std::string& each_jar_path : android::base::Split(dex_path, ":")) {
std::optional<std::string> apex_ns_name = FindApexNamespaceName(each_jar_path); if (apex_ns_name.has_value()) { const std::string& jni_libs = apex_jni_libraries(apex_ns_name.value()); if (jni_libs != "") {
Result<NativeLoaderNamespace> apex_ns =
NativeLoaderNamespace::GetExportedNamespace(apex_ns_name.value(), is_bridged); if (apex_ns.ok()) {
linked = app_ns->Link(&apex_ns.value(), jni_libs); if (!linked.ok()) { return linked.error();
}
}
}
}
}
const std::string vendor_libs =
filter_public_libraries(target_sdk_version, uses_libraries, vendor_public_libraries()); if (!vendor_libs.empty()) {
Result<NativeLoaderNamespace> vendor_ns =
NativeLoaderNamespace::GetExportedNamespace(kVendorNamespaceName, is_bridged); // when vendor_ns is not configured, link to the system namespace
Result<NativeLoaderNamespace> target_ns = vendor_ns.ok() ? vendor_ns : system_ns; if (target_ns.ok()) {
linked = app_ns->Link(&target_ns.value(), vendor_libs); if (!linked.ok()) { return linked.error();
}
}
}
const std::string product_libs =
filter_public_libraries(target_sdk_version, uses_libraries, product_public_libraries()); if (!product_libs.empty()) {
Result<NativeLoaderNamespace> target_ns =
is_product_treblelized()
? NativeLoaderNamespace::GetExportedNamespace(kProductNamespaceName, is_bridged)
: system_ns; if (target_ns.ok()) {
linked = app_ns->Link(&target_ns.value(), product_libs); if (!linked.ok()) { return linked.error();
}
} else { // The linkerconfig must have a problem on defining the product namespace in the system // section. Skip linking product namespace. This will not affect most of the apps. Only the // apps that requires the product public libraries will fail.
ALOGW("Namespace for product libs not found: %s", target_ns.error().message().c_str());
}
}
std::optional<std::string> FindApexNamespaceName(const std::string& location) { // Lots of implicit assumptions here: we expect `location` to be of the form: // /apex/modulename/... // // And we extract from it 'modulename', and then apply mangling rule to get namespace name for it. if (location.starts_with(kApexPath)) {
size_t start_index = strlen(kApexPath);
size_t slash_index = location.find_first_of('/', start_index);
LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF((slash_index == std::string::npos), "Error finding namespace of apex: no slash in path %s", location.c_str());
std::string name = location.substr(start_index, slash_index - start_index);
std::replace(name.begin(), name.end(), '.', '_'); return name;
} return std::nullopt;
}
} // namespace android::nativeloader
#endif// defined(ART_TARGET_ANDROID)
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