bool CodeSinking::Run() { if (graph_->GetExitBlock() == nullptr) { // Infinite loop, just bail. returnfalse;
}
UncommonBranchSinking(); if (!com::android::art::rw::flags::packed_switch_simplification()) {
ReturnSinking();
} returntrue;
}
void CodeSinking::UncommonBranchSinking() {
HBasicBlock* exit = graph_->GetExitBlock();
DCHECK(exit != nullptr); // TODO(ngeoffray): we do not profile branches yet, so use throw instructions // as an indicator of an uncommon branch. for (HBasicBlock* exit_predecessor : exit->GetPredecessors()) {
HInstruction* last = exit_predecessor->GetLastInstruction();
// TryBoundary instructions are sometimes inserted between the last instruction (e.g. Throw, // Return) and Exit. We don't want to use that instruction for our "uncommon branch" heuristic // because they are not as good an indicator as throwing branches, so we skip them and fetch the // actual last instruction. if (last->IsTryBoundary()) { // We have an exit try boundary. Fetch the previous instruction.
DCHECK(!last->AsTryBoundary()->IsEntry()); if (last->GetPrevious() == nullptr) {
DCHECK(exit_predecessor->IsSingleTryBoundary());
exit_predecessor = exit_predecessor->GetSinglePredecessor();
last = exit_predecessor->GetLastInstruction();
} else {
last = last->GetPrevious();
}
}
// Any predecessor of the exit that does not return, throws an exception. if (!last->IsReturn() && !last->IsReturnVoid()) {
SinkCodeToUncommonBranch(exit_predecessor);
}
}
}
staticbool IsInterestingInstruction(HInstruction* instruction) { // Instructions from the entry graph (for example constants) are never interesting to move. if (instruction->GetBlock() == instruction->GetBlock()->GetGraph()->GetEntryBlock()) { returnfalse;
} // We want to move moveable instructions that cannot throw, as well as // heap stores and allocations.
// Volatile stores cannot be moved. if (instruction->IsInstanceFieldSet()) { if (instruction->AsInstanceFieldSet()->IsVolatile()) { returnfalse;
}
}
// Check allocations and strings first, as they can throw, but it is safe to move them. if (instruction->IsNewInstance() ||
instruction->IsNewArray() ||
instruction->IsLoadString() ||
instruction->IsStringBuilderAppend()) { returntrue;
}
// Check it is safe to move ConstructorFence. // (Safe to move ConstructorFence for only protecting the new-instance but not for finals.) if (instruction->IsConstructorFence()) {
HConstructorFence* ctor_fence = instruction->AsConstructorFence();
// A fence with "0" inputs is dead and should've been removed in a prior pass.
DCHECK_NE(0u, ctor_fence->InputCount());
// TODO: this should be simplified to 'return true' since it's // potentially pessimizing any code sinking for inlined constructors with final fields. // TODO: double check that if the final field assignments are not moved, // then the fence is not moved either.
// All other instructions that can throw cannot be moved. if (instruction->CanThrow()) { returnfalse;
}
// We can only store on local allocations. Other heap references can // be escaping. Note that allocations can escape too, but we only move // allocations if their users can move too, or are in the list of // post dominated blocks. if (instruction->IsInstanceFieldSet()) { if (!instruction->InputAt(0)->IsNewInstance()) { returnfalse;
}
}
if (instruction->IsArraySet()) { if (!instruction->InputAt(0)->IsNewArray()) { returnfalse;
}
// It's fine if the ArraySet is in a loop when the index is not e.g. setting the same value // multiple times in the same index in the array. // It's fine if the ArraySet is not in a loop when the index is in a loop e.g. a loop calculates // the index and then sets a value. // However, if both of them are in a loop we can miss setting the value for some index in the // array and that would be wrong. if (instruction->IsInLoop() && instruction->AsArraySet()->GetIndex()->IsInLoop()) { returnfalse;
}
}
// Heap accesses cannot go past instructions that have memory side effects, which // we are not tracking here. Note that the load/store elimination optimization // runs before this optimization, and should have removed interesting ones. // In theory, we could handle loads of local allocations, but this is currently // hard to test, as LSE removes them. if (instruction->IsStaticFieldGet() ||
instruction->IsInstanceFieldGet() ||
instruction->IsArrayGet()) { returnfalse;
}
staticvoid AddInstruction(HInstruction* instruction,
BitVectorView<size_t> processed_instructions,
BitVectorView<size_t> discard_blocks,
ScopedArenaVector<HInstruction*>* worklist) { // Add to the work list if the instruction is not in the list of blocks // to discard, hasn't been already processed and is of interest. if (!discard_blocks.IsBitSet(instruction->GetBlock()->GetBlockId()) &&
!processed_instructions.IsBitSet(instruction->GetId()) &&
IsInterestingInstruction(instruction)) {
worklist->push_back(instruction);
}
}
// Find the ideal position for moving `instruction`. If `filter` is true, // we filter out store instructions to that instruction, which are processed // first in the step (3) of the sinking algorithm. // This method is tailored to the sinking algorithm, unlike // the generic HInstruction::MoveBeforeFirstUserAndOutOfLoops. static HInstruction* FindIdealPosition(HInstruction* instruction,
BitVectorView<size_t> post_dominated, bool filter = false) {
DCHECK(!instruction->IsPhi()); // Makes no sense for Phi.
// Find the target block.
CommonDominator finder(/* block= */ nullptr); for (const HUseListNode<HInstruction*>& use : instruction->GetUses()) {
HInstruction* user = use.GetUser(); if (!(filter && ShouldFilterUse(instruction, user, post_dominated))) {
HBasicBlock* block = user->GetBlock(); if (user->IsPhi()) { // Special case phis by taking the incoming block for regular ones, // or the dominator for catch phis.
block = user->AsPhi()->IsCatchPhi()
? block->GetDominator()
: block->GetPredecessors()[use.GetIndex()];
}
finder.Update(block);
}
} for (const HUseListNode<HEnvironment*>& use : instruction->GetEnvUses()) {
DCHECK(!use.GetUser()->GetHolder()->IsPhi());
DCHECK_IMPLIES(filter,
!ShouldFilterUse(instruction, use.GetUser()->GetHolder(), post_dominated));
finder.Update(use.GetUser()->GetHolder()->GetBlock());
}
HBasicBlock* target_block = finder.Get(); if (target_block == nullptr) { // No user we can go next to? Likely a LSE or DCE limitation. return nullptr;
}
// Move to the first dominator not in a loop, if we can. We only do this if we are trying to hoist // `instruction` out of a loop it wasn't a part of. const HLoopInformation* loop_info = instruction->GetBlock()->GetLoopInformation(); while (target_block->IsInLoop() && target_block->GetLoopInformation() != loop_info) { if (!post_dominated.IsBitSet(target_block->GetDominator()->GetBlockId())) { break;
}
target_block = target_block->GetDominator();
DCHECK(target_block != nullptr);
}
if (instruction->CanThrow()) { // Consistency check: We shouldn't land in a loop if we weren't in one before traversing up the // dominator tree regarding try catches. constbool was_in_loop = target_block->IsInLoop();
// We cannot move an instruction that can throw into a try that said instruction is not a part // of already, as that would mean it will throw into a different catch block. In short, for // throwing instructions: // * If the throwing instruction is part of a try, they should only be sunk into that same try. // * If the throwing instruction is not part of any try, they shouldn't be sunk to any try. if (instruction->GetBlock()->IsTryBlock()) { const HTryBoundary& try_entry =
instruction->GetBlock()->GetTryCatchInformation()->GetTryEntry(); while (!(target_block->IsTryBlock() &&
try_entry.HasSameExceptionHandlersAs(
target_block->GetTryCatchInformation()->GetTryEntry()))) {
target_block = target_block->GetDominator(); if (!post_dominated.IsBitSet(target_block->GetBlockId())) { // We couldn't find a suitable block. return nullptr;
}
}
} else { // Search for the first block also not in a try block while (target_block->IsTryBlock()) {
target_block = target_block->GetDominator(); if (!post_dominated.IsBitSet(target_block->GetBlockId())) { // We couldn't find a suitable block. return nullptr;
}
}
}
// Find insertion position. No need to filter anymore, as we have found a // target block.
HInstruction* insert_pos = nullptr; for (const HUseListNode<HInstruction*>& use : instruction->GetUses()) { if (use.GetUser()->GetBlock() == target_block &&
(insert_pos == nullptr || use.GetUser()->StrictlyDominates(insert_pos))) {
insert_pos = use.GetUser();
}
} for (const HUseListNode<HEnvironment*>& use : instruction->GetEnvUses()) {
HEnvironment* env = use.GetUser();
HInstruction* user = env->GetHolder(); if (user->GetBlock() == target_block &&
(insert_pos == nullptr || user->StrictlyDominates(insert_pos))) { if (target_block->IsCatchBlock() && target_block->GetFirstInstruction() == user) { // We can sink the instructions past the environment setting Nop. If we do that, we have to // remove said instruction from the environment. Since we know that we will be sinking the // instruction to this block and there are no more instructions to consider, we can safely // remove it from the environment now.
DCHECK(target_block->GetFirstInstruction()->IsNop());
env->RemoveAsUserOfInput(use.GetIndex());
env->SetRawEnvAt(use.GetIndex(), /*instruction=*/ nullptr);
} else {
insert_pos = user;
}
}
} if (insert_pos == nullptr) { // No user in `target_block`, insert before the control flow instruction.
insert_pos = target_block->GetLastInstruction();
DCHECK(insert_pos->IsControlFlow()); // Avoid splitting HCondition from HIf to prevent unnecessary materialization. if (insert_pos->IsIf()) {
HInstruction* if_input = insert_pos->AsIf()->InputAt(0); if (if_input == insert_pos->GetPrevious()) {
insert_pos = if_input;
}
}
}
DCHECK(!insert_pos->IsPhi()); return insert_pos;
}
void CodeSinking::SinkCodeToUncommonBranch(HBasicBlock* end_block) { // Local allocator to discard data structures created below at the end of this optimization.
ScopedArenaAllocator allocator(graph_->GetArenaStack());
// Step (1): Visit post order to get a subset of blocks post dominated by `end_block`. // TODO(ngeoffray): Getting the full set of post-dominated should be done by // computing the post dominator tree, but that could be too time consuming. Also, // we should start the analysis from blocks dominated by an uncommon branch, but we // don't profile branches yet. bool found_block = false; for (HBasicBlock* block : graph_->GetPostOrder()) { if (block == end_block) {
found_block = true;
post_dominated.SetBit(block->GetBlockId());
} elseif (found_block) { bool is_post_dominated = true;
DCHECK_NE(block, graph_->GetExitBlock())
<< "We shouldn't encounter the exit block after `end_block`.";
// BasicBlock that are try entries look like this: // BasicBlock i: // instr 1 // ... // instr N // TryBoundary kind:entry ---Try begins here--- // // Due to how our BasicBlocks are structured, BasicBlock i will have an xhandler successor // since we are starting a try. If we use `GetSuccessors` for this case, we will check if // the catch block is post_dominated. // // However, this catch block doesn't matter: when we sink the instruction into that // BasicBlock i, we do it before the TryBoundary (i.e. outside of the try and outside the // catch's domain). We can ignore catch blocks using `GetNormalSuccessors` to sink code // right before the start of a try block. // // On the other side of the coin, BasicBlock that are try exits look like this: // BasicBlock j: // instr 1 // ... // instr N // TryBoundary kind:exit ---Try ends here--- // // If we sink to these basic blocks we would be sinking inside of the try so we would like // to check the catch block for post dominance. constbool ends_with_try_boundary_entry =
block->EndsWithTryBoundary() && block->GetLastInstruction()->AsTryBoundary()->IsEntry();
ArrayRef<HBasicBlock* const> successors =
ends_with_try_boundary_entry ? block->GetNormalSuccessors() :
ArrayRef<HBasicBlock* const>(block->GetSuccessors()); for (HBasicBlock* successor : successors) { if (!post_dominated.IsBitSet(successor->GetBlockId())) {
is_post_dominated = false; break;
}
} if (is_post_dominated) {
post_dominated.SetBit(block->GetBlockId());
}
}
}
// Now that we have found a subset of post-dominated blocks, add to the worklist all inputs // of instructions in these blocks that are not themselves in these blocks. // Also find the common dominator of the found post dominated blocks, to help filtering // out un-movable uses in step (2).
CommonDominator finder(end_block); for (size_t i = 0, e = graph_->GetBlocks().size(); i < e; ++i) { if (post_dominated.IsBitSet(i)) {
finder.Update(graph_->GetBlocks()[i]);
AddInputs(graph_->GetBlocks()[i], processed_instructions, post_dominated, &worklist);
}
}
HBasicBlock* common_dominator = finder.Get();
// Step (2): iterate over the worklist to find sinking candidates.
BitVectorView<size_t> instructions_that_can_move =
ArenaBitVector::CreateFixedSize(&allocator, number_of_instructions);
ScopedArenaVector<ScopedArenaVector<HInstruction*>> instructions_to_move(
graph_->GetBlocks().size(),
ScopedArenaVector<HInstruction*>(allocator.Adapter(kArenaAllocMisc)),
allocator.Adapter(kArenaAllocMisc)); while (!worklist.empty()) {
HInstruction* instruction = worklist.back(); if (processed_instructions.IsBitSet(instruction->GetId())) { // The instruction has already been processed, continue. This happens // when the instruction is the input/user of multiple instructions.
worklist.pop_back(); continue;
} bool all_users_in_post_dominated_blocks = true; bool can_move = true; // Check users of the instruction. for (const HUseListNode<HInstruction*>& use : instruction->GetUses()) {
HInstruction* user = use.GetUser(); if (!post_dominated.IsBitSet(user->GetBlock()->GetBlockId()) &&
!instructions_that_can_move.IsBitSet(user->GetId())) {
all_users_in_post_dominated_blocks = false; // If we've already processed this user, or the user cannot be moved, or // is not dominating the post dominated blocks, bail. // TODO(ngeoffray): The domination check is an approximation. We should // instead check if the dominated blocks post dominate the user's block, // but we do not have post dominance information here. if (processed_instructions.IsBitSet(user->GetId()) ||
!IsInterestingInstruction(user) ||
!user->GetBlock()->Dominates(common_dominator)) {
can_move = false; break;
}
}
}
// Check environment users of the instruction. Some of these users require // the instruction not to move. if (all_users_in_post_dominated_blocks) { for (const HUseListNode<HEnvironment*>& use : instruction->GetEnvUses()) {
HEnvironment* environment = use.GetUser();
HInstruction* user = environment->GetHolder(); if (!post_dominated.IsBitSet(user->GetBlock()->GetBlockId())) { if (graph_->IsDebuggable() ||
user->IsDeoptimize() ||
user->CanThrowIntoCatchBlock() ||
(user->IsSuspendCheck() && graph_->IsCompilingOsr())) {
can_move = false; break;
}
}
}
} if (!can_move) { // Instruction cannot be moved, mark it as processed and remove it from the work // list.
processed_instructions.SetBit(instruction->GetId());
worklist.pop_back();
} elseif (all_users_in_post_dominated_blocks) { // Instruction is a candidate for being sunk. Mark it as such, remove it from the // work list, and add its inputs to the work list.
instructions_that_can_move.SetBit(instruction->GetId());
instructions_to_move[instruction->GetBlock()->GetBlockId()].push_back(instruction);
processed_instructions.SetBit(instruction->GetId());
worklist.pop_back();
AddInputs(instruction, processed_instructions, post_dominated, &worklist); // Drop the environment use not in the list of post-dominated block. This is // to help step (3) of this optimization, when we start moving instructions // closer to their use. for (const HUseListNode<HEnvironment*>& use : instruction->GetEnvUses()) {
HEnvironment* environment = use.GetUser();
HInstruction* user = environment->GetHolder(); if (!post_dominated.IsBitSet(user->GetBlock()->GetBlockId())) {
environment->RemoveAsUserOfInput(use.GetIndex());
environment->SetRawEnvAt(use.GetIndex(), nullptr);
}
}
} else { // The information we have on the users was not enough to decide whether the // instruction could be moved. // Add the users to the work list, and keep the instruction in the work list // to process it again once all users have been processed. for (const HUseListNode<HInstruction*>& use : instruction->GetUses()) {
AddInstruction(use.GetUser(), processed_instructions, post_dominated, &worklist);
}
}
}
// We want to process the instructions in reverse dominated order. This is required for heap // stores. To guarantee this (including the transitivity of incomparability) we have some extra // bookkeeping.
ScopedArenaVector<HInstruction*> instructions_to_move_sorted(allocator.Adapter(kArenaAllocMisc)); for (HBasicBlock* block : graph_->GetPostOrder()) { constint block_id = block->GetBlockId();
// Order the block itself first.
std::sort(instructions_to_move[block_id].begin(),
instructions_to_move[block_id].end(),
[&block](HInstruction* a, HInstruction* b) { return block->GetInstructions().FoundBefore(b, a);
});
for (HInstruction* instruction : instructions_to_move[block_id]) {
instructions_to_move_sorted.push_back(instruction);
}
}
if (kIsDebugBuild) { // We should have ordered the instructions in reverse dominated order. This means that // instructions shouldn't dominate instructions that come after it in the vector. for (size_t i = 0; i < instructions_to_move_sorted.size(); ++i) { for (size_t j = i + 1; j < instructions_to_move_sorted.size(); ++j) { if (instructions_to_move_sorted[i]->StrictlyDominates(instructions_to_move_sorted[j])) {
std::stringstream ss;
graph_->Dump(ss, nullptr);
ss << "\n"
<< "{"; for (HInstruction* instr : instructions_to_move_sorted) {
ss << *instr << " in block: " << instr->GetBlock() << ", ";
}
ss << "}\n";
ss << "i = " << i << " which is " << *instructions_to_move_sorted[i]
<< "strictly dominates j = " << j << " which is " << *instructions_to_move_sorted[j]
<< "\n";
LOG(FATAL) << "Unexpected ordering of code sinking instructions: " << ss.str();
}
}
}
}
// Step (3): Try to move sinking candidates. for (HInstruction* instruction : instructions_to_move_sorted) {
HInstruction* position = nullptr; if (instruction->IsArraySet()
|| instruction->IsInstanceFieldSet()
|| instruction->IsConstructorFence()) { if (!instructions_that_can_move.IsBitSet(instruction->InputAt(0)->GetId())) { // A store can trivially move, but it can safely do so only if the heap // location it stores to can also move. // TODO(ngeoffray): Handle allocation/store cycles by pruning these instructions // from the set and all their inputs. continue;
} // Find the position of the instruction we're storing into, filtering out this // store and all other stores to that instruction.
position = FindIdealPosition(instruction->InputAt(0), post_dominated, /* filter= */ true);
// The position needs to be dominated by the store, in order for the store to move there. if (position == nullptr || !instruction->GetBlock()->Dominates(position->GetBlock())) { continue;
}
} else { // Find the ideal position within the post dominated blocks.
position = FindIdealPosition(instruction, post_dominated); if (position == nullptr) { continue;
}
} // Bail if we could not find a position in the post dominated blocks (for example, // if there are multiple users whose common dominator is not in the list of // post dominated blocks). if (!post_dominated.IsBitSet(position->GetBlock()->GetBlockId())) { continue;
}
MaybeRecordStat(stats_, MethodCompilationStat::kInstructionSunk);
instruction->MoveBefore(position, /* do_checks= */ false);
}
}
int number_of_returns = 0; bool saw_return = false; for (HBasicBlock* pred : exit->GetPredecessors()) { // TODO(solanes): We might have Return/ReturnVoid->TryBoundary->Exit. We can theoretically // handle them and move them out of the TryBoundary. However, it is a border case and it adds // codebase complexity. if (pred->GetLastInstruction()->IsReturn() || pred->GetLastInstruction()->IsReturnVoid()) {
saw_return |= pred->GetLastInstruction()->IsReturn();
++number_of_returns;
}
}
if (number_of_returns < 2) { // Nothing to do. return;
}
// `new_block` will coalesce the Return instructions into Phi+Return, or the ReturnVoid // instructions into a ReturnVoid.
HBasicBlock* new_block = HBasicBlock::Create(graph_->GetAllocator(), graph_, exit->GetDexPc()); if (saw_return) {
HPhi* new_phi = nullptr; for (size_t i = 0; i < exit->GetPredecessors().size(); /*++i in loop*/) {
HBasicBlock* pred = exit->GetPredecessors()[i]; if (!pred->GetLastInstruction()->IsReturn()) {
++i; continue;
}
HReturn* ret = pred->GetLastInstruction()->AsReturn(); if (new_phi == nullptr) { // Create the new_phi, if we haven't done so yet. We do it here since we need to know the // type to assign to it.
new_phi = new (graph_->GetAllocator()) HPhi(graph_->GetAllocator(),
kNoRegNumber, /*number_of_inputs=*/0,
ret->InputAt(0)->GetType());
new_block->AddPhi(new_phi);
}
new_phi->AddInput(ret->InputAt(0));
pred->ReplaceAndRemoveInstructionWith(ret, new (graph_->GetAllocator()) HGoto(ret->GetDexPc()));
pred->ReplaceSuccessor(exit, new_block); // Since we are removing a predecessor, there's no need to increment `i`.
}
new_block->AddInstruction(new (graph_->GetAllocator()) HReturn(new_phi, exit->GetDexPc()));
} else { for (size_t i = 0; i < exit->GetPredecessors().size(); /*++i in loop*/) {
HBasicBlock* pred = exit->GetPredecessors()[i]; if (!pred->GetLastInstruction()->IsReturnVoid()) {
++i; continue;
}
HReturnVoid* ret = pred->GetLastInstruction()->AsReturnVoid();
pred->ReplaceAndRemoveInstructionWith(ret, new (graph_->GetAllocator()) HGoto(ret->GetDexPc()));
pred->ReplaceSuccessor(exit, new_block); // Since we are removing a predecessor, there's no need to increment `i`.
}
new_block->AddInstruction(new (graph_->GetAllocator()) HReturnVoid(exit->GetDexPc()));
}
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