/*
* Copyright ( c ) 2020 Google Inc . All rights reserved
*
* Permission is hereby granted , free of charge , to any person obtaining
* a copy of this software and associated documentation files
* ( the " Software " ) , to deal in the Software without restriction ,
* including without limitation the rights to use , copy , modify , merge ,
* publish , distribute , sublicense , and / or sell copies of the Software ,
* and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so ,
* subject to the following conditions :
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
* included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software .
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED " AS IS " , WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND ,
* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED , INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
* MERCHANTABILITY , FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT .
* IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
* CLAIM , DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY , WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT ,
* TORT OR OTHERWISE , ARISING FROM , OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
* SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE .
*/
#include <arch/arch_ops.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <lib/backtrace/backtrace.h>
#include <lib/backtrace/symbolize.h>
#include <lib/trusty/trusty_app.h>
#include <trusty/uuid.h>
/*
* Traces on release builds look like this for :
* Backtrace for thread : trusty_app_12_7ee4dddc - 177 a - 420
* ( app : crasher )
* kSP + 0 x0nn0 : 0 xffff0 . . 0 nnnnn
* kSP + 0 x0nn0 : 0 xffff0 . . 0 nnnnn
* kSP + 0 x0nn0 : 0 xffff0 . . 0 nnnnn
* kSP + 0 x0nn0 : 0 x00000 . . 0 nnnnn crasher_data_func + 0 x0 / 0 xnn
* uSP + 0 x0nn0 : 0 x00000 . . 0 nnnnn chan_event_handler_proc . . .
* uSP + 0 x0nn0 : 0 x00000 . . 0 nnnnn tipc_handle_event + 0 xnn / 0 xnnn
* uSP + 0 x0nn0 : 0 x00000 . . 0 nnnnn main + 0 xnn / 0 xnn
* uSP + 0 x0nn0 : 0 x00000 . . 0 nnnnn libc_start_main_stage2 + 0 xnn / 0 xnn
* uSP + 0 x0nn0 : 0 x00000 . . 000000
*
* Debug builds show more information :
* Backtrace for thread : trusty_app_30_7ee4dddc - 177 a - 420
* ( app : crasher )
* 0 xffffn . . n0 : 0 xffffn . . n / 0 xffff0 . . 0 nnnnn
* 0 xffffn . . n0 : 0 xffffn . . n / 0 xffff0 . . 0 nnnnn
* 0 xffffn . . n0 : 0 xffffn . . n / 0 xffff0 . . 0 nnnnn
* 0 xffffn . . n0 : 0 x0000n . . n / 0 x00000 . . 0 nnnnn crasher_data_func + 0 x0 / 0 xnn
* 0 x0000n . . n0 : 0 x0000n . . n / 0 x00000 . . 0 nnnnn chan_event_handler_proc . . .
* 0 x0000n . . n0 : 0 x0000n . . n / 0 x00000 . . 0 nnnnn tipc_handle_event + 0 xnn / 0 xnnn
* 0 x0000n . . n0 : 0 x0000n . . n / 0 x00000 . . 0 nnnnn main + 0 xnn / 0 xnn
* 0 x0000n . . n0 : 0 x0000n . . n / 0 x00000 . . 0 nnnnn libc_start_main_stage2 + 0 xnn / 0 xnn
* 0 x0000n . . n0 : 0 x00000 . . 0 / 0 x00000 . . 000000
*
* Kernel panics in release builds :
* Backtrace for thread : app manager
* kSP + 0 x0nn0 : 0 xffff0 . . 0 nnnnn
* kSP + 0 x0nn0 : 0 xffff0 . . 0 nnnnn
* kSP + 0 x0nn0 : 0 xffff0 . . 0 nnnnn
*
* Kernel panics in debug builds :
* Backtrace for thread : app manager
* 0 xffffn . . n0 : 0 xffffn . . n / 0 xffff0 . . 0 nnnnn
* 0 xffffn . . n0 : 0 xffffn . . n / 0 xffff0 . . 0 nnnnn
* 0 xffffn . . n0 : 0 xffffn . . n / 0 xffff0 . . 0 nnnnn
* 0 xffffn . . n0 : 0 xffffn . . n / 0 xffff0 . . 0 nnnnn
*/
#if IS_64BIT
#define PRI0xPTR "016" PRIxPTR
#else
#define PRI0xPTR "08" PRIxPTR
#endif
/* Format for canonical stack offsets */
#define PRI0xSTKOFF "04" PRIxPTR
extern char _start;
static bool is_on_user_stack(struct thread* _thread, uintptr_t addr);
static bool is_on_kernel_stack(struct thread* thread, uintptr_t addr);
static void print_stack_address(struct thread* thread, uintptr_t addr) {
#if TEST_BUILD
/*
* For security , never print absolute addresses in release builds .
*/
printf("0x%" PRI0xPTR " " , addr);
#endif
if (is_on_user_stack(thread, addr)) {
struct trusty_thread* trusty_thread = trusty_thread_get(thread);
uintptr_t stack_low_addr =
trusty_thread->stack_start - trusty_thread->stack_size;
printf("uSP+0x%" PRI0xSTKOFF "x" , addr - stack_low_addr);
return ;
}
if (is_on_kernel_stack(thread, addr)) {
printf("kSP+0x%" PRI0xSTKOFF "x" , addr - (uintptr_t)thread->stack);
return ;
}
/*
* We should never get here for frame - > frame_addr ,
* but we print something just in case
*/
if (addr) {
printf("<non-null>" );
} else {
printf(" <null>" );
}
}
static void print_function_info(struct thread* thread,
struct stack_frame* frame,
uintptr_t load_bias,
struct pc_symbol_info* info) {
uintptr_t pc_offset;
uintptr_t pc = arch_extract_return_addr(frame->ret_addr);
__builtin_sub_overflow(pc, load_bias, &pc_offset);
print_stack_address(thread, frame->frame_addr);
printf(": " );
#if TEST_BUILD
/*
* For security reasons , never print absolute addresses in
* release builds
*/
printf("0x%" PRI0xPTR "/" , pc);
#endif
printf("0x%" PRI0xPTR "x" , pc_offset);
if (info) {
printf(" %s+0x%" PRIxPTR "x/0x%" PRIxPTR "x\n" , info->symbol,
info->offset, info->size);
} else {
printf("\n" );
}
}
static void dump_user_function(struct thread* thread,
struct trusty_app* app,
struct stack_frame* frame) {
uintptr_t ret_addr = arch_extract_return_addr(frame->ret_addr);
uintptr_t load_bias = app ? app->load_bias : 0 ;
struct pc_symbol_info info;
int rc = trusty_app_symbolize(app, ret_addr, &info);
if (rc == NO_ERROR) {
print_function_info(thread, frame, load_bias, &info);
} else {
print_function_info(thread, frame, load_bias, NULL);
}
}
static void dump_kernel_function(struct thread* thread,
struct stack_frame* frame) {
uintptr_t load_bias;
__builtin_sub_overflow((uintptr_t)&_start, KERNEL_BASE + KERNEL_LOAD_OFFSET,
&load_bias);
/* TODO(b/164524596): kernel instruction address symbolization */
print_function_info(thread, frame, load_bias, NULL);
}
/**
* dump_function ( ) - dump symbol info about function containing pc
* @ thread : thread containing the instruction
* @ frame : instruction address of the function being dumped and next frame ptr
*/
static void dump_function(thread_t* thread, struct stack_frame* frame) {
uintptr_t ret_addr = arch_extract_return_addr(frame->ret_addr);
if (is_user_address(ret_addr)) {
struct trusty_thread* trusty_thread = trusty_thread_get(thread);
dump_user_function(thread, trusty_thread ? trusty_thread->app : NULL,
frame);
} else if (is_kernel_address(ret_addr)) {
dump_kernel_function(thread, frame);
} else {
print_function_info(thread, frame, 0 , NULL);
}
}
static bool is_on_user_stack(struct thread* _thread, uintptr_t addr) {
uintptr_t stack_end;
uintptr_t stack_bottom;
struct trusty_thread* thread = trusty_thread_get(_thread);
if (!thread) {
return false ;
}
stack_end = thread->stack_start;
if (__builtin_sub_overflow(stack_end, thread->stack_size, &stack_bottom)) {
return false ;
}
return stack_bottom <= addr && addr < stack_end;
}
static bool is_on_kernel_stack(struct thread* thread, uintptr_t addr) {
uintptr_t stack_bottom;
uintptr_t stack_end;
stack_bottom = (uintptr_t)thread->stack;
if (__builtin_add_overflow(stack_bottom, thread->stack_size, &stack_end)) {
return false ;
}
return stack_bottom <= addr && addr < stack_end;
}
/**
* is_on_stack ( ) - check if address is on the stack
* @ thread : thread that owns the stack
* @ addr : address being checked
* @ user : true if we need to check against user stack , false if kernel stack
*
* Return : true if @ addr is on the stack , false otherwise
*/
static bool is_on_stack(struct thread* thread, uintptr_t addr, bool user) {
if (user) {
return is_on_user_stack(thread, addr);
} else {
return is_on_kernel_stack(thread, addr);
}
}
static inline bool is_trace_monotonic(uintptr_t prev_fp, uintptr_t next_fp) {
return stack_direction ? next_fp < prev_fp : next_fp > prev_fp;
}
/**
* dump_monotonic_backtrace ( ) - dump backtrace while only moving up the stack
* @ thread : thread being backtraced
* @ frame : starting frame , used to iterate through frames in - place
* @ user : true if we ' re traversing a user stack , false if kernel stack
*
* Return : state of @ frame
*/
static int dump_monotonic_backtrace(struct thread* thread,
struct stack_frame* frame,
bool user) {
int frame_state = FRAME_OK;
while (frame_state == FRAME_OK) {
frame_state = step_frame(frame, user);
dump_function(thread, frame);
if (is_on_stack(thread, frame->fp, !user)) {
/* Transistion to a different stack */
return FRAME_OK;
}
if (is_zero_frame(frame)) {
return FRAME_ZERO;
}
/* Validate that FP actually points to the stack */
if (!is_on_stack(thread, frame->fp, user)) {
return FRAME_CORRUPT;
}
/* Stack should only move in one direction */
if (frame->frame_addr &&
!is_trace_monotonic(frame->frame_addr, frame->fp)) {
return FRAME_NON_MONOTONIC;
}
}
return frame_state;
}
static void dump_backtrace_etc(struct thread* thread,
struct stack_frame* frame) {
/*
* dump_backtrace_ * ( ) functions can only be called from kernel space .
* Expect the first frame to be in kernel address space
*/
if (!is_kernel_address(frame->fp)) {
printf("Corrupt stack frame pointer! fp: 0x%" PRIxPTR "\n" , frame->fp);
return ;
}
int frame_state = dump_monotonic_backtrace(thread, frame, false );
if (frame_state == FRAME_NON_MONOTONIC) {
printf("Stack frame moved in wrong direction! Stack overflow likely\n" );
/*
* Try dumping the stack before the stack overflow . This will be corrupt
* when it reaches the part of the stack that has been reused by the
* current exception , but it might have useful information before it
* gets to that point .
*/
frame_state = dump_monotonic_backtrace(thread, frame, false );
}
if (frame_state == FRAME_OK && is_user_address(frame->fp)) {
frame_state = dump_monotonic_backtrace(thread, frame, true );
}
switch (frame_state) {
case FRAME_ZERO:
/* Backtrace is expected to terminate with a zero frame */
break ;
case FRAME_NON_MONOTONIC:
printf("Stack frame moved in wrong direction! " );
dump_function(thread, frame);
break ;
default :
printf("Corrupt stack frame! " );
dump_function(thread, frame);
}
}
void dump_thread_backtrace(struct thread* thread) {
if (!thread) {
printf("Not executing in any thread, backtrace not available!\n" );
return ;
}
/*
* TODO ( b / 149918767 ) : Support backtracing for non - current threads . We need
* operations on trusty_thread and trusty_app to be thread - safe first .
*/
assert(thread == get_current_thread());
struct stack_frame frame = {0 };
get_current_frame(&frame);
printf("\nBacktrace for thread: %s\n" , thread->name);
struct trusty_app *app = current_trusty_app();
if (app) {
char uuid_str[UUID_STR_SIZE];
uuid_to_str(&app->props.uuid, uuid_str);
printf("(app: %s uuid: %s)\n" , app->props.app_name, uuid_str);
}
dump_backtrace_etc(thread, &frame);
}
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