//! The half-lock structure //! //! We need a way to protect the structure with configured hooks ‒ a signal may happen in arbitrary //! thread and needs to read them while another thread might be manipulating the structure. //! //! Under ordinary circumstances we would be happy to just use `Mutex<HashMap<c_int, _>>`. However, //! as we use it in the signal handler, we are severely limited in what we can or can't use. So we //! choose to implement kind of spin-look thing with atomics. //! //! In the reader it is always simply locked and then unlocked, making sure it doesn't disappear //! while in use. //! //! The writer has a separate mutex (that prevents other writers; this is used outside of the //! signal handler), makes a copy of the data and swaps an atomic pointer to the data structure. //! But it waits until everything is unlocked (no signal handler has the old data) for dropping the //! old instance. There's a generation trick to make sure that new signal locks another instance. //! //! The downside is, this is an active spin lock at the writer end. However, we assume than: //! //! * Signals are one time setup before we actually have threads. We just need to make *sure* we //! are safe even if this is not true. //! * Signals are rare, happening at the same time as the write even rarer. //! * Signals are short, as there is mostly nothing allowed inside them anyway. //! * Our tool box is severely limited. //! //! Therefore this is hopefully reasonable trade-off. //! //! # Atomic orderings //! //! The whole code uses SeqCst conservatively. Atomics are not used because of performance here and //! are the minor price around signals anyway. But the comments state which orderings should be //! enough in practice in case someone wants to get inspired (but do make your own check through //! them anyway).
use std::isize; use std::marker::PhantomData; use std::ops::Deref; use std::sync::atomic::{self, AtomicPtr, AtomicUsize, Ordering}; use std::sync::{Mutex, MutexGuard, PoisonError}; use std::thread;
impl<'a, T> Deref for ReadGuard<'a, T> { type Target = T; fn deref(&self) -> &T { self.data
}
}
impl<'a, T> Drop for ReadGuard<'a, T> { fn drop(&mutself) { // We effectively unlock; Release would be enough. self.lock.fetch_sub(1, Ordering::SeqCst);
}
}
impl<'a, T> WriteGuard<'a, T> { pub(crate) fn store(&mutself, val: T) { // Move to the heap and convert to raw pointer for AtomicPtr. let new = Box::into_raw(Box::new(val));
self.data = unsafe { &*new };
// We can just put the new value in here safely, we worry only about dropping the old one. // Release might (?) be enough, to "upload" the data. let old = self.lock.data.swap(new, Ordering::SeqCst);
// Now we make sure there's no reader having the old data. self.lock.write_barrier();
drop(unsafe { Box::from_raw(old) });
}
}
impl<'a, T> Deref for WriteGuard<'a, T> { type Target = T; fn deref(&self) -> &T { // Protected by that mutex self.data
}
}
pub(crate) struct HalfLock<T> { // We conceptually contain an instance of T
_t: PhantomData<T>, // The actual data as a pointer.
data: AtomicPtr<T>, // The generation of the data. Influences which slot of the lock counter we use.
generation: AtomicUsize, // How many active locks are there?
lock: [AtomicUsize; 2], // Mutex for the writers; only one writer.
write_mutex: Mutex<()>,
}
impl<T> HalfLock<T> { pub(crate) fn new(data: T) -> Self { // Move to the heap so we can safely point there. Then convert to raw pointer as AtomicPtr // operates on raw pointers. The AtomicPtr effectively acts like Box for us semantically. let ptr = Box::into_raw(Box::new(data)); Self {
_t: PhantomData,
data: AtomicPtr::new(ptr),
generation: AtomicUsize::new(0),
lock: [AtomicUsize::new(0), AtomicUsize::new(0)],
write_mutex: Mutex::new(()),
}
}
pub(crate) fn read(&self) -> ReadGuard<'_, T> { // Relaxed should be enough; we only pick one or the other slot and the writer observes // that both were 0 at some time. So the actual value doesn't really matter for safety, // only the changing improves the performance. letgen = self.generation.load(Ordering::SeqCst); let lock = &self.lock[gen % 2]; // Effectively locking something, acquire should be enough. let guard_cnt = lock.fetch_add(1, Ordering::SeqCst);
// This is to prevent overflowing the counter in some degenerate cases, which could lead to // UB (freeing data while still in use). However, as this data structure is used only // internally and it's not possible to leak the guard and the guard itself takes some // memory, it should be really impossible to trigger this case. Still, we include it from // abundance of caution. // // This technically is not fully correct as enough threads being in between here and the // abort below could still overflow it and it could get freed for some *other* thread, but // that would mean having too many active threads to fit into RAM too and is even more // absurd corner case than the above. if guard_cnt > MAX_GUARDS { unsafe { libc::abort() };
}
// Acquire should be enough; we need to "download" the data, paired with the swap on the // same pointer. let data = self.data.load(Ordering::SeqCst); // Safe: // * It did point to valid data when put in. // * Protected by lock, so still valid. let data = unsafe { &*data };
fn write_barrier(&self) { // Do a first check of seeing zeroes before we switch the generation. At least one of them // should be zero by now, due to having drained the generation before leaving the previous // writer. letmut seen_zero = [false; 2]; self.update_seen(&mut seen_zero); // By switching the generation to the other slot, we make sure the currently active starts // draining while the other will start filling up. self.generation.fetch_add(1, Ordering::SeqCst); // Overflow is fine.
letmut iter = 0usize; while !seen_zero.iter().all(|s| *s) {
iter = iter.wrapping_add(1);
// Be somewhat less aggressive while looping, switch to the other threads if possible. if cfg!(not(miri)) { if iter % YIELD_EVERY == 0 {
thread::yield_now();
} else { // Replaced by hint::spin_loop, but we want to support older compiler #[allow(deprecated)]
atomic::spin_loop_hint();
}
}
self.update_seen(&mut seen_zero);
}
}
pub(crate) fn write(&self) -> WriteGuard<'_, T> { // While it's possible the user code panics, our code in store doesn't and the data gets // swapped atomically. So if it panics, nothing gets changed, therefore poisons are of no // interest here. let guard = self
.write_mutex
.lock()
.unwrap_or_else(PoisonError::into_inner);
// Relaxed should be enough, as we are under the same mutex that was used to get the data // in. let data = self.data.load(Ordering::SeqCst); // Safe: // * Stored as valid data // * Only this method, protected by mutex, can change the pointer, so it didn't go away. let data = unsafe { &*data };
impl<T> Drop for HalfLock<T> { fn drop(&mutself) { // During drop we are sure there are no other borrows of the data so we are free to just // drop it. Also, the drop impl won't be called in practice in our case, as it is used // solely as a global variable, but we provide it for completeness and tests anyway. // // unsafe: the pointer in there is always valid, we just take the last instance out. unsafe { // Acquire should be enough. let data = Box::from_raw(self.data.load(Ordering::SeqCst));
drop(data);
}
}
}
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