/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
* file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
// This class implements a lock-free multiple producer single consumer queue of // fixed size log messages, with the following characteristics: // - Unbounded (uses a intrinsic linked list) // - Allocates on Push. Push can be called on any thread. // - Deallocates on Pop. Pop MUST always be called on the same thread for the // life-time of the queue. // // In our scenario, the producer threads are real-time, they can't block. The // consummer thread runs every now and then and empties the queue to a log // file, on disk. const size_t MPSC_MSG_RESERVED = sizeof(std::atomic<void*>);
// Creates a new MPSCQueue. Initially, the queue has a single sentinel node, // pointed to by both mHead and mTail.
MPSCQueue() // At construction, the initial message points to nullptr (it has no // successor). It is a sentinel node, that does not contain meaningful // data.
: mHead(new Message()), mTail(mHead.load(std::memory_order_relaxed)) {}
~MPSCQueue() {
Message dummy; while (Pop(&dummy.data)) {
}
Message* front = mHead.load(std::memory_order_relaxed); delete front;
}
void Push(MPSCQueue<T>::Message* aMessage) { // The next two non-commented line are called A and B in this paragraph. // Producer threads i, i-1, etc. are numbered in the order they reached // A in time, thread i being the thread that has reached A first. // Atomically, on line A the new `mHead` is set to be the node that was // just allocated, with strong memory order. From now on, any thread // that reaches A will see that the node just allocated is // effectively the head of the list, and will make itself the new head // of the list. // In a bad case (when thread i executes A and then // is not scheduled for a long time), it is possible that thread i-1 and // subsequent threads create a seemingly disconnected set of nodes, but // they all have the correct value for the next node to set as their // mNext member on their respective stacks (in `prev`), and this is // always correct. When the scheduler resumes, and line B is executed, // the correct linkage is resumed. // Before line B, since mNext for the node was the last element of // the queue still has an mNext of nullptr, Pop will not see the node // added. // For line A, it's critical to have strong ordering both ways (since // it's going to possibly be read and write repeatidly by multiple // threads) // Line B can have weaker guarantees, it's only going to be written by a // single thread, and we just need to ensure it's read properly by a // single other one.
Message* prev = mHead.exchange(aMessage, std::memory_order_acq_rel);
prev->mNext.store(aMessage, std::memory_order_release);
}
// Copy the content of the first message of the queue to aOutput, and // frees the message. Returns true if there was a message, in which case // `aOutput` contains a valid value. If the queue was empty, returns false, // in which case `aOutput` is left untouched. bool Pop(T* aOutput) { // Similarly, in this paragraph, the two following lines are called A // and B, and threads are called thread i, i-1, etc. in order of // execution of line A. // On line A, the first element of the queue is acquired. It is simply a // sentinel node. // On line B, we acquire the node that has the data we want. If B is // null, then only the sentinel node was present in the queue, we can // safely return false. // mTail can be loaded with relaxed ordering, since it's not written nor // read by any other thread (this queue is single consumer). // mNext can be written to by one of the producer, so it's necessary to // ensure those writes are seen, hence the stricter ordering.
Message* tail = mTail.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
Message* next = tail->mNext.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
if (next == nullptr) { returnfalse;
}
*aOutput = next->data;
// Simply shift the queue one node further, so that the sentinel node is // now pointing to the correct most ancient node. It contains stale data, // but this data will never be read again. // It's only necessary to ensure the previous load on this thread is not // reordered past this line, so release ordering is sufficient here.
mTail.store(next, std::memory_order_release);
// This thread is now the only thing that points to `tail`, it can be // safely deleted. delete tail;
returntrue;
}
private: // An atomic pointer to the most recent message in the queue.
std::atomic<Message*> mHead; // An atomic pointer to a sentinel node, that points to the oldest message // in the queue.
std::atomic<Message*> mTail;
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