// Copyright 2009 the V8 project authors. All rights reserved. // Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without // modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are // met: // // * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright // notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. // * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above // copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following // disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided // with the distribution. // * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its // contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived // from this software without specific prior written permission. // // THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS // "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT // LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR // A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT // OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, // SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT // LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, // DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY // THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
// This benchmark is based on a JavaScript log processing module used // by the V8 profiler to generate execution time profiles for runs of // JavaScript applications, and it effectively measures how fast the // JavaScript engine is at allocating nodes and reclaiming the memory // used for old nodes. Because of the way splay trees work, the engine // also has to deal with a lot of changes to the large tree object // graph.
var Splay = new BenchmarkSuite('Splay', [81491, 2739514], [ new Benchmark("Splay", true, false, 1400,
SplayRun, SplaySetup, SplayTearDown, SplayRMS)
]);
// Configuration. var kSplayTreeSize = 8000; var kSplayTreeModifications = 80; var kSplayTreePayloadDepth = 5;
var splayTree = null; var splaySampleTimeStart = 0.0;
function GenerateKey() { // The benchmark framework guarantees that Math.random is // deterministic; see base.js. return Math.random();
}
var splaySamples = 0; var splaySumOfSquaredPauses = 0;
function SplayRMS() { return Math.round(Math.sqrt(splaySumOfSquaredPauses / splaySamples) * 10000);
}
function SplayUpdateStats(time) { var pause = time - splaySampleTimeStart;
splaySampleTimeStart = time;
splaySamples++;
splaySumOfSquaredPauses += pause * pause;
}
function InsertNewNode() { // Insert new node with a unique key. var key; do {
key = GenerateKey();
} while (splayTree.find(key) != null); var payload = GeneratePayloadTree(kSplayTreePayloadDepth, String(key));
splayTree.insert(key, payload); return key;
}
function SplaySetup() { // Check if the platform has the performance.now high resolution timer. // If not, throw exception and quit. if (!performance.now) { throw"PerformanceNowUnsupported";
}
splayTree = new SplayTree();
splaySampleTimeStart = performance.now() for (var i = 0; i < kSplayTreeSize; i++) {
InsertNewNode(); if ((i+1) % 20 == 19) {
SplayUpdateStats(performance.now());
}
}
}
function SplayTearDown() { // Allow the garbage collector to reclaim the memory // used by the splay tree no matter how we exit the // tear down function. var keys = splayTree.exportKeys();
splayTree = null;
splaySamples = 0;
splaySumOfSquaredPauses = 0;
// Verify that the splay tree has the right size. var length = keys.length; if (length != kSplayTreeSize) { thrownew Error("Splay tree has wrong size");
}
// Verify that the splay tree has sorted, unique keys. for (var i = 0; i < length - 1; i++) { if (keys[i] >= keys[i + 1]) { thrownew Error("Splay tree not sorted");
}
}
}
function SplayRun() { // Replace a few nodes in the splay tree. for (var i = 0; i < kSplayTreeModifications; i++) { var key = InsertNewNode(); var greatest = splayTree.findGreatestLessThan(key); if (greatest == null) splayTree.remove(key); else splayTree.remove(greatest.key);
}
SplayUpdateStats(performance.now());
}
/** * Constructs a Splay tree. A splay tree is a self-balancing binary * search tree with the additional property that recently accessed * elements are quick to access again. It performs basic operations * such as insertion, look-up and removal in O(log(n)) amortized time. * * @constructor
*/ function SplayTree() {
};
/** * Pointer to the root node of the tree. * * @type {SplayTree.Node} * @private
*/
SplayTree.prototype.root_ = null;
/** * @return {boolean} Whether the tree is empty.
*/
SplayTree.prototype.isEmpty = function() { return !this.root_;
};
/** * Inserts a node into the tree with the specified key and value if * the tree does not already contain a node with the specified key. If * the value is inserted, it becomes the root of the tree. * * @param {number} key Key to insert into the tree. * @param {*} value Value to insert into the tree.
*/
SplayTree.prototype.insert = function(key, value) { if (this.isEmpty()) { this.root_ = new SplayTree.Node(key, value); return;
} // Splay on the key to move the last node on the search path for // the key to the root of the tree. this.splay_(key); if (this.root_.key == key) { return;
} var node = new SplayTree.Node(key, value); if (key > this.root_.key) {
node.left = this.root_;
node.right = this.root_.right; this.root_.right = null;
} else {
node.right = this.root_;
node.left = this.root_.left; this.root_.left = null;
} this.root_ = node;
};
/** * Removes a node with the specified key from the tree if the tree * contains a node with this key. The removed node is returned. If the * key is not found, an exception is thrown. * * @param {number} key Key to find and remove from the tree. * @return {SplayTree.Node} The removed node.
*/
SplayTree.prototype.remove = function(key) { if (this.isEmpty()) { throw Error('Key not found: ' + key);
} this.splay_(key); if (this.root_.key != key) { throw Error('Key not found: ' + key);
} var removed = this.root_; if (!this.root_.left) { this.root_ = this.root_.right;
} else { var right = this.root_.right; this.root_ = this.root_.left; // Splay to make sure that the new root has an empty right child. this.splay_(key); // Insert the original right child as the right child of the new // root. this.root_.right = right;
} return removed;
};
/** * Returns the node having the specified key or null if the tree doesn't contain * a node with the specified key. * * @param {number} key Key to find in the tree. * @return {SplayTree.Node} Node having the specified key.
*/
SplayTree.prototype.find = function(key) { if (this.isEmpty()) { returnnull;
} this.splay_(key); returnthis.root_.key == key ? this.root_ : null;
};
/** * @return {SplayTree.Node} Node having the maximum key value.
*/
SplayTree.prototype.findMax = function(opt_startNode) { if (this.isEmpty()) { returnnull;
} var current = opt_startNode || this.root_; while (current.right) {
current = current.right;
} return current;
};
/** * @return {SplayTree.Node} Node having the maximum key value that * is less than the specified key value.
*/
SplayTree.prototype.findGreatestLessThan = function(key) { if (this.isEmpty()) { returnnull;
} // Splay on the key to move the node with the given key or the last // node on the search path to the top of the tree. this.splay_(key); // Now the result is either the root node or the greatest node in // the left subtree. if (this.root_.key < key) { returnthis.root_;
} elseif (this.root_.left) { returnthis.findMax(this.root_.left);
} else { returnnull;
}
};
/** * @return {Array<*>} An array containing all the keys of tree's nodes.
*/
SplayTree.prototype.exportKeys = function() { var result = []; if (!this.isEmpty()) { this.root_.traverse_(function(node) { result.push(node.key); });
} return result;
};
/** * Perform the splay operation for the given key. Moves the node with * the given key to the top of the tree. If no node has the given * key, the last node on the search path is moved to the top of the * tree. This is the simplified top-down splaying algorithm from: * "Self-adjusting Binary Search Trees" by Sleator and Tarjan * * @param {number} key Key to splay the tree on. * @private
*/
SplayTree.prototype.splay_ = function(key) { if (this.isEmpty()) { return;
} // Create a dummy node. The use of the dummy node is a bit // counter-intuitive: The right child of the dummy node will hold // the L tree of the algorithm. The left child of the dummy node // will hold the R tree of the algorithm. Using a dummy node, left // and right will always be nodes and we avoid special cases. var dummy, left, right;
dummy = left = right = new SplayTree.Node(null, null); var current = this.root_; while (true) { if (key < current.key) { if (!current.left) { break;
} if (key < current.left.key) { // Rotate right. var tmp = current.left;
current.left = tmp.right;
tmp.right = current;
current = tmp; if (!current.left) { break;
}
} // Link right.
right.left = current;
right = current;
current = current.left;
} elseif (key > current.key) { if (!current.right) { break;
} if (key > current.right.key) { // Rotate left. var tmp = current.right;
current.right = tmp.left;
tmp.left = current;
current = tmp; if (!current.right) { break;
}
} // Link left.
left.right = current;
left = current;
current = current.right;
} else { break;
}
} // Assemble.
left.right = current.left;
right.left = current.right;
current.left = dummy.right;
current.right = dummy.left; this.root_ = current;
};
/** * Performs an ordered traversal of the subtree starting at * this SplayTree.Node. * * @param {function(SplayTree.Node)} f Visitor function. * @private
*/
SplayTree.Node.prototype.traverse_ = function(f) { var current = this; while (current) { var left = current.left; if (left) left.traverse_(f);
f(current);
current = current.right;
}
};
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