// Copyright 2010 the V8 project authors. All rights reserved. // Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without // modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are // met: // // * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright // notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. // * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above // copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following // disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided // with the distribution. // * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its // contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived // from this software without specific prior written permission. // // THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS // "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT // LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR // A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT // OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, // SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT // LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, // DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY // THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
static uint64_t HexCharValue(constint c) { if ('0' <= c && c <= '9') { return c - '0';
} if ('a' <= c && c <= 'f') { return 10 + c - 'a';
}
DOUBLE_CONVERSION_ASSERT('A' <= c && c <= 'F'); return 10 + c - 'A';
}
// Unlike AssignDecimalString(), this function is "only" used // for unit-tests and therefore not performance critical. void Bignum::AssignHexString(Vector<constchar> value) {
Zero(); // Required capacity could be reduced by ignoring leading zeros.
EnsureCapacity(((value.length() * 4) + kBigitSize - 1) / kBigitSize);
DOUBLE_CONVERSION_ASSERT(sizeof(uint64_t) * 8 >= kBigitSize + 4); // TODO: static_assert // Accumulates converted hex digits until at least kBigitSize bits. // Works with non-factor-of-four kBigitSizes.
uint64_t tmp = 0; for (int cnt = 0; !value.is_empty(); value.pop_back()) {
tmp |= (HexCharValue(value.last()) << cnt); if ((cnt += 4) >= kBigitSize) {
RawBigit(used_bigits_++) = (tmp & kBigitMask);
cnt -= kBigitSize;
tmp >>= kBigitSize;
}
} if (tmp > 0) {
DOUBLE_CONVERSION_ASSERT(tmp <= kBigitMask);
RawBigit(used_bigits_++) = static_cast<Bignum::Chunk>(tmp & kBigitMask);
}
Clamp();
}
// If this has a greater exponent than other append zero-bigits to this. // After this call exponent_ <= other.exponent_.
Align(other);
// There are two possibilities: // aaaaaaaaaaa 0000 (where the 0s represent a's exponent) // bbbbb 00000000 // ---------------- // ccccccccccc 0000 // or // aaaaaaaaaa 0000 // bbbbbbbbb 0000000 // ----------------- // cccccccccccc 0000 // In both cases we might need a carry bigit.
EnsureCapacity(1 + (std::max)(BigitLength(), other.BigitLength()) - exponent_);
Chunk carry = 0; int bigit_pos = other.exponent_ - exponent_;
DOUBLE_CONVERSION_ASSERT(bigit_pos >= 0); for (int i = used_bigits_; i < bigit_pos; ++i) {
RawBigit(i) = 0;
} for (int i = 0; i < other.used_bigits_; ++i) { const Chunk my = (bigit_pos < used_bigits_) ? RawBigit(bigit_pos) : 0; const Chunk sum = my + other.RawBigit(i) + carry;
RawBigit(bigit_pos) = sum & kBigitMask;
carry = sum >> kBigitSize;
++bigit_pos;
} while (carry != 0) { const Chunk my = (bigit_pos < used_bigits_) ? RawBigit(bigit_pos) : 0; const Chunk sum = my + carry;
RawBigit(bigit_pos) = sum & kBigitMask;
carry = sum >> kBigitSize;
++bigit_pos;
}
used_bigits_ = static_cast<int16_t>(std::max(bigit_pos, static_cast<int>(used_bigits_)));
DOUBLE_CONVERSION_ASSERT(IsClamped());
}
void Bignum::SubtractBignum(const Bignum& other) {
DOUBLE_CONVERSION_ASSERT(IsClamped());
DOUBLE_CONVERSION_ASSERT(other.IsClamped()); // We require this to be bigger than other.
DOUBLE_CONVERSION_ASSERT(LessEqual(other, *this));
if (exponent == 0) { return;
} if (used_bigits_ == 0) { return;
} // We shift by exponent at the end just before returning. int remaining_exponent = exponent; while (remaining_exponent >= 27) {
MultiplyByUInt64(kFive27);
remaining_exponent -= 27;
} while (remaining_exponent >= 13) {
MultiplyByUInt32(kFive13);
remaining_exponent -= 13;
} if (remaining_exponent > 0) {
MultiplyByUInt32(kFive1_to_12[remaining_exponent - 1]);
}
ShiftLeft(exponent);
}
// Comba multiplication: compute each column separately. // Example: r = a2a1a0 * b2b1b0. // r = 1 * a0b0 + // 10 * (a1b0 + a0b1) + // 100 * (a2b0 + a1b1 + a0b2) + // 1000 * (a2b1 + a1b2) + // 10000 * a2b2 // // In the worst case we have to accumulate nb-digits products of digit*digit. // // Assert that the additional number of bits in a DoubleChunk are enough to // sum up used_digits of Bigit*Bigit. if ((1 << (2 * (kChunkSize - kBigitSize))) <= used_bigits_) {
DOUBLE_CONVERSION_UNIMPLEMENTED();
}
DoubleChunk accumulator = 0; // First shift the digits so we don't overwrite them. constint copy_offset = used_bigits_; for (int i = 0; i < used_bigits_; ++i) {
RawBigit(copy_offset + i) = RawBigit(i);
} // We have two loops to avoid some 'if's in the loop. for (int i = 0; i < used_bigits_; ++i) { // Process temporary digit i with power i. // The sum of the two indices must be equal to i. int bigit_index1 = i; int bigit_index2 = 0; // Sum all of the sub-products. while (bigit_index1 >= 0) { const Chunk chunk1 = RawBigit(copy_offset + bigit_index1); const Chunk chunk2 = RawBigit(copy_offset + bigit_index2);
accumulator += static_cast<DoubleChunk>(chunk1) * chunk2;
bigit_index1--;
bigit_index2++;
}
RawBigit(i) = static_cast<Chunk>(accumulator) & kBigitMask;
accumulator >>= kBigitSize;
} for (int i = used_bigits_; i < product_length; ++i) { int bigit_index1 = used_bigits_ - 1; int bigit_index2 = i - bigit_index1; // Invariant: sum of both indices is again equal to i. // Inner loop runs 0 times on last iteration, emptying accumulator. while (bigit_index2 < used_bigits_) { const Chunk chunk1 = RawBigit(copy_offset + bigit_index1); const Chunk chunk2 = RawBigit(copy_offset + bigit_index2);
accumulator += static_cast<DoubleChunk>(chunk1) * chunk2;
bigit_index1--;
bigit_index2++;
} // The overwritten RawBigit(i) will never be read in further loop iterations, // because bigit_index1 and bigit_index2 are always greater // than i - used_bigits_.
RawBigit(i) = static_cast<Chunk>(accumulator) & kBigitMask;
accumulator >>= kBigitSize;
} // Since the result was guaranteed to lie inside the number the // accumulator must be 0 now.
DOUBLE_CONVERSION_ASSERT(accumulator == 0);
// Don't forget to update the used_digits and the exponent.
used_bigits_ = static_cast<int16_t>(product_length);
exponent_ *= 2;
Clamp();
}
void Bignum::AssignPowerUInt16(uint16_t base, constint power_exponent) {
DOUBLE_CONVERSION_ASSERT(base != 0);
DOUBLE_CONVERSION_ASSERT(power_exponent >= 0); if (power_exponent == 0) {
AssignUInt16(1); return;
}
Zero(); int shifts = 0; // We expect base to be in range 2-32, and most often to be 10. // It does not make much sense to implement different algorithms for counting // the bits. while ((base & 1) == 0) {
base >>= 1;
shifts++;
} int bit_size = 0; int tmp_base = base; while (tmp_base != 0) {
tmp_base >>= 1;
bit_size++;
} constint final_size = bit_size * power_exponent; // 1 extra bigit for the shifting, and one for rounded final_size.
EnsureCapacity(final_size / kBigitSize + 2);
// Left to Right exponentiation. int mask = 1; while (power_exponent >= mask) mask <<= 1;
// The mask is now pointing to the bit above the most significant 1-bit of // power_exponent. // Get rid of first 1-bit;
mask >>= 2;
uint64_t this_value = base;
bool delayed_multiplication = false; const uint64_t max_32bits = 0xFFFFFFFF; while (mask != 0 && this_value <= max_32bits) {
this_value = this_value * this_value; // Verify that there is enough space in this_value to perform the // multiplication. The first bit_size bits must be 0. if ((power_exponent & mask) != 0) {
DOUBLE_CONVERSION_ASSERT(bit_size > 0); const uint64_t base_bits_mask =
~((static_cast<uint64_t>(1) << (64 - bit_size)) - 1); constbool high_bits_zero = (this_value & base_bits_mask) == 0; if (high_bits_zero) {
this_value *= base;
} else {
delayed_multiplication = true;
}
}
mask >>= 1;
}
AssignUInt64(this_value); if (delayed_multiplication) {
MultiplyByUInt32(base);
}
// Now do the same thing as a bignum. while (mask != 0) {
Square(); if ((power_exponent & mask) != 0) {
MultiplyByUInt32(base);
}
mask >>= 1;
}
// And finally add the saved shifts.
ShiftLeft(shifts * power_exponent);
}
// Easy case: if we have less digits than the divisor than the result is 0. // Note: this handles the case where this == 0, too. if (BigitLength() < other.BigitLength()) { return 0;
}
Align(other);
uint16_t result = 0;
// Start by removing multiples of 'other' until both numbers have the same // number of digits. while (BigitLength() > other.BigitLength()) { // This naive approach is extremely inefficient if `this` divided by other // is big. This function is implemented for doubleToString where // the result should be small (less than 10).
DOUBLE_CONVERSION_ASSERT(other.RawBigit(other.used_bigits_ - 1) >= ((1 << kBigitSize) / 16));
DOUBLE_CONVERSION_ASSERT(RawBigit(used_bigits_ - 1) < 0x10000); // Remove the multiples of the first digit. // Example this = 23 and other equals 9. -> Remove 2 multiples.
result += static_cast<uint16_t>(RawBigit(used_bigits_ - 1));
SubtractTimes(other, RawBigit(used_bigits_ - 1));
}
// Both bignums are at the same length now. // Since other has more than 0 digits we know that the access to // RawBigit(used_bigits_ - 1) is safe. const Chunk this_bigit = RawBigit(used_bigits_ - 1); const Chunk other_bigit = other.RawBigit(other.used_bigits_ - 1);
if (other.used_bigits_ == 1) { // Shortcut for easy (and common) case. int quotient = this_bigit / other_bigit;
RawBigit(used_bigits_ - 1) = this_bigit - other_bigit * quotient;
DOUBLE_CONVERSION_ASSERT(quotient < 0x10000);
result += static_cast<uint16_t>(quotient);
Clamp(); return result;
}
if (other_bigit * (division_estimate + 1) > this_bigit) { // No need to even try to subtract. Even if other's remaining digits were 0 // another subtraction would be too much. return result;
}
while (LessEqual(other, *this)) {
SubtractBignum(other);
result++;
} return result;
}
template<typename S> staticint SizeInHexChars(S number) {
DOUBLE_CONVERSION_ASSERT(number > 0); int result = 0; while (number != 0) {
number >>= 4;
result++;
} return result;
}
staticchar HexCharOfValue(constint value) {
DOUBLE_CONVERSION_ASSERT(0 <= value && value <= 16); if (value < 10) { returnstatic_cast<char>(value + '0');
} returnstatic_cast<char>(value - 10 + 'A');
}
bool Bignum::ToHexString(char* buffer, constint buffer_size) const {
DOUBLE_CONVERSION_ASSERT(IsClamped()); // Each bigit must be printable as separate hex-character.
DOUBLE_CONVERSION_ASSERT(kBigitSize % 4 == 0); staticconstint kHexCharsPerBigit = kBigitSize / 4;
if (used_bigits_ == 0) { if (buffer_size < 2) { returnfalse;
}
buffer[0] = '0';
buffer[1] = '\0'; returntrue;
} // We add 1 for the terminating '\0' character. constint needed_chars = (BigitLength() - 1) * kHexCharsPerBigit +
SizeInHexChars(RawBigit(used_bigits_ - 1)) + 1; if (needed_chars > buffer_size) { returnfalse;
} int string_index = needed_chars - 1;
buffer[string_index--] = '\0'; for (int i = 0; i < exponent_; ++i) { for (int j = 0; j < kHexCharsPerBigit; ++j) {
buffer[string_index--] = '0';
}
} for (int i = 0; i < used_bigits_ - 1; ++i) {
Chunk current_bigit = RawBigit(i); for (int j = 0; j < kHexCharsPerBigit; ++j) {
buffer[string_index--] = HexCharOfValue(current_bigit & 0xF);
current_bigit >>= 4;
}
} // And finally the last bigit.
Chunk most_significant_bigit = RawBigit(used_bigits_ - 1); while (most_significant_bigit != 0) {
buffer[string_index--] = HexCharOfValue(most_significant_bigit & 0xF);
most_significant_bigit >>= 4;
} returntrue;
}
int Bignum::Compare(const Bignum& a, const Bignum& b) {
DOUBLE_CONVERSION_ASSERT(a.IsClamped());
DOUBLE_CONVERSION_ASSERT(b.IsClamped()); constint bigit_length_a = a.BigitLength(); constint bigit_length_b = b.BigitLength(); if (bigit_length_a < bigit_length_b) { return -1;
} if (bigit_length_a > bigit_length_b) { return +1;
} for (int i = bigit_length_a - 1; i >= (std::min)(a.exponent_, b.exponent_); --i) { const Chunk bigit_a = a.BigitOrZero(i); const Chunk bigit_b = b.BigitOrZero(i); if (bigit_a < bigit_b) { return -1;
} if (bigit_a > bigit_b) { return +1;
} // Otherwise they are equal up to this digit. Try the next digit.
} return 0;
}
int Bignum::PlusCompare(const Bignum& a, const Bignum& b, const Bignum& c) {
DOUBLE_CONVERSION_ASSERT(a.IsClamped());
DOUBLE_CONVERSION_ASSERT(b.IsClamped());
DOUBLE_CONVERSION_ASSERT(c.IsClamped()); if (a.BigitLength() < b.BigitLength()) { return PlusCompare(b, a, c);
} if (a.BigitLength() + 1 < c.BigitLength()) { return -1;
} if (a.BigitLength() > c.BigitLength()) { return +1;
} // The exponent encodes 0-bigits. So if there are more 0-digits in 'a' than // 'b' has digits, then the bigit-length of 'a'+'b' must be equal to the one // of 'a'. if (a.exponent_ >= b.BigitLength() && a.BigitLength() < c.BigitLength()) { return -1;
}
Chunk borrow = 0; // Starting at min_exponent all digits are == 0. So no need to compare them. constint min_exponent = (std::min)((std::min)(a.exponent_, b.exponent_), c.exponent_); for (int i = c.BigitLength() - 1; i >= min_exponent; --i) { const Chunk chunk_a = a.BigitOrZero(i); const Chunk chunk_b = b.BigitOrZero(i); const Chunk chunk_c = c.BigitOrZero(i); const Chunk sum = chunk_a + chunk_b; if (sum > chunk_c + borrow) { return +1;
} else {
borrow = chunk_c + borrow - sum; if (borrow > 1) { return -1;
}
borrow <<= kBigitSize;
}
} if (borrow == 0) { return 0;
} return -1;
}
void Bignum::Align(const Bignum& other) { if (exponent_ > other.exponent_) { // If "X" represents a "hidden" bigit (by the exponent) then we are in the // following case (a == this, b == other): // a: aaaaaaXXXX or a: aaaaaXXX // b: bbbbbbX b: bbbbbbbbXX // We replace some of the hidden digits (X) of a with 0 digits. // a: aaaaaa000X or a: aaaaa0XX constint zero_bigits = exponent_ - other.exponent_;
EnsureCapacity(used_bigits_ + zero_bigits); for (int i = used_bigits_ - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
RawBigit(i + zero_bigits) = RawBigit(i);
} for (int i = 0; i < zero_bigits; ++i) {
RawBigit(i) = 0;
}
used_bigits_ += static_cast<int16_t>(zero_bigits);
exponent_ -= static_cast<int16_t>(zero_bigits);
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