// Copyright 2010 the V8 project authors. All rights reserved. // Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without // modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are // met: // // * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright // notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. // * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above // copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following // disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided // with the distribution. // * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its // contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived // from this software without specific prior written permission. // // THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS // "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT // LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR // A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT // OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, // SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT // LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, // DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY // THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
#ifdefined(DOUBLE_CONVERSION_CORRECT_DOUBLE_OPERATIONS) // 2^53 = 9007199254740992. // Any integer with at most 15 decimal digits will hence fit into a double // (which has a 53bit significand) without loss of precision. staticconstint kMaxExactDoubleIntegerDecimalDigits = 15; #endif// #if defined(DOUBLE_CONVERSION_CORRECT_DOUBLE_OPERATIONS) // 2^64 = 18446744073709551616 > 10^19 staticconstint kMaxUint64DecimalDigits = 19;
// Max double: 1.7976931348623157 x 10^308 // Min non-zero double: 4.9406564584124654 x 10^-324 // Any x >= 10^309 is interpreted as +infinity. // Any x <= 10^-324 is interpreted as 0. // Note that 2.5e-324 (despite being smaller than the min double) will be read // as non-zero (equal to the min non-zero double). staticconstint kMaxDecimalPower = 309; staticconstint kMinDecimalPower = -324;
// Maximum number of significant digits in the decimal representation. // In fact the value is 772 (see conversions.cc), but to give us some margin // we round up to 780. staticconstint kMaxSignificantDecimalDigits = 780;
static Vector<constchar> TrimLeadingZeros(Vector<constchar> buffer) { for (int i = 0; i < buffer.length(); i++) { if (buffer[i] != '0') { return buffer.SubVector(i, buffer.length());
}
} return Vector<constchar>(buffer.start(), 0);
}
staticvoid CutToMaxSignificantDigits(Vector<constchar> buffer, int exponent, char* significant_buffer, int* significant_exponent) { for (int i = 0; i < kMaxSignificantDecimalDigits - 1; ++i) {
significant_buffer[i] = buffer[i];
} // The input buffer has been trimmed. Therefore the last digit must be // different from '0'.
DOUBLE_CONVERSION_ASSERT(buffer[buffer.length() - 1] != '0'); // Set the last digit to be non-zero. This is sufficient to guarantee // correct rounding.
significant_buffer[kMaxSignificantDecimalDigits - 1] = '1';
*significant_exponent =
exponent + (buffer.length() - kMaxSignificantDecimalDigits);
}
// Trims the buffer and cuts it to at most kMaxSignificantDecimalDigits. // If possible the input-buffer is reused, but if the buffer needs to be // modified (due to cutting), then the input needs to be copied into the // buffer_copy_space. staticvoid TrimAndCut(Vector<constchar> buffer, int exponent, char* buffer_copy_space, int space_size,
Vector<constchar>* trimmed, int* updated_exponent) {
Vector<constchar> left_trimmed = TrimLeadingZeros(buffer);
Vector<constchar> right_trimmed = TrimTrailingZeros(left_trimmed);
exponent += left_trimmed.length() - right_trimmed.length(); if (right_trimmed.length() > kMaxSignificantDecimalDigits) {
(void) space_size; // Mark variable as used.
DOUBLE_CONVERSION_ASSERT(space_size >= kMaxSignificantDecimalDigits);
CutToMaxSignificantDigits(right_trimmed, exponent,
buffer_copy_space, updated_exponent);
*trimmed = Vector<constchar>(buffer_copy_space,
kMaxSignificantDecimalDigits);
} else {
*trimmed = right_trimmed;
*updated_exponent = exponent;
}
}
// Reads digits from the buffer and converts them to a uint64. // Reads in as many digits as fit into a uint64. // When the string starts with "1844674407370955161" no further digit is read. // Since 2^64 = 18446744073709551616 it would still be possible read another // digit if it was less or equal than 6, but this would complicate the code. static uint64_t ReadUint64(Vector<constchar> buffer, int* number_of_read_digits) {
uint64_t result = 0; int i = 0; while (i < buffer.length() && result <= (kMaxUint64 / 10 - 1)) { int digit = buffer[i++] - '0';
DOUBLE_CONVERSION_ASSERT(0 <= digit && digit <= 9);
result = 10 * result + digit;
}
*number_of_read_digits = i; return result;
}
// Reads a DiyFp from the buffer. // The returned DiyFp is not necessarily normalized. // If remaining_decimals is zero then the returned DiyFp is accurate. // Otherwise it has been rounded and has error of at most 1/2 ulp. staticvoid ReadDiyFp(Vector<constchar> buffer,
DiyFp* result, int* remaining_decimals) { int read_digits;
uint64_t significand = ReadUint64(buffer, &read_digits); if (buffer.length() == read_digits) {
*result = DiyFp(significand, 0);
*remaining_decimals = 0;
} else { // Round the significand. if (buffer[read_digits] >= '5') {
significand++;
} // Compute the binary exponent. int exponent = 0;
*result = DiyFp(significand, exponent);
*remaining_decimals = buffer.length() - read_digits;
}
}
staticbool DoubleStrtod(Vector<constchar> trimmed, int exponent, double* result) { #if !defined(DOUBLE_CONVERSION_CORRECT_DOUBLE_OPERATIONS) // Avoid "unused parameter" warnings
(void) trimmed;
(void) exponent;
(void) result; // On x86 the floating-point stack can be 64 or 80 bits wide. If it is // 80 bits wide (as is the case on Linux) then double-rounding occurs and the // result is not accurate. // We know that Windows32 uses 64 bits and is therefore accurate. returnfalse; #else if (trimmed.length() <= kMaxExactDoubleIntegerDecimalDigits) { int read_digits; // The trimmed input fits into a double. // If the 10^exponent (resp. 10^-exponent) fits into a double too then we // can compute the result-double simply by multiplying (resp. dividing) the // two numbers. // This is possible because IEEE guarantees that floating-point operations // return the best possible approximation. if (exponent < 0 && -exponent < kExactPowersOfTenSize) { // 10^-exponent fits into a double.
*result = static_cast<double>(ReadUint64(trimmed, &read_digits));
DOUBLE_CONVERSION_ASSERT(read_digits == trimmed.length());
*result /= exact_powers_of_ten[-exponent]; returntrue;
} if (0 <= exponent && exponent < kExactPowersOfTenSize) { // 10^exponent fits into a double.
*result = static_cast<double>(ReadUint64(trimmed, &read_digits));
DOUBLE_CONVERSION_ASSERT(read_digits == trimmed.length());
*result *= exact_powers_of_ten[exponent]; returntrue;
} int remaining_digits =
kMaxExactDoubleIntegerDecimalDigits - trimmed.length(); if ((0 <= exponent) &&
(exponent - remaining_digits < kExactPowersOfTenSize)) { // The trimmed string was short and we can multiply it with // 10^remaining_digits. As a result the remaining exponent now fits // into a double too.
*result = static_cast<double>(ReadUint64(trimmed, &read_digits));
DOUBLE_CONVERSION_ASSERT(read_digits == trimmed.length());
*result *= exact_powers_of_ten[remaining_digits];
*result *= exact_powers_of_ten[exponent - remaining_digits]; returntrue;
}
} returnfalse; #endif
}
// Returns 10^exponent as an exact DiyFp. // The given exponent must be in the range [1; kDecimalExponentDistance[. static DiyFp AdjustmentPowerOfTen(int exponent) {
DOUBLE_CONVERSION_ASSERT(0 < exponent);
DOUBLE_CONVERSION_ASSERT(exponent < PowersOfTenCache::kDecimalExponentDistance); // Simply hardcode the remaining powers for the given decimal exponent // distance.
DOUBLE_CONVERSION_ASSERT(PowersOfTenCache::kDecimalExponentDistance == 8); switch (exponent) { case 1: return DiyFp(DOUBLE_CONVERSION_UINT64_2PART_C(0xa0000000, 00000000), -60); case 2: return DiyFp(DOUBLE_CONVERSION_UINT64_2PART_C(0xc8000000, 00000000), -57); case 3: return DiyFp(DOUBLE_CONVERSION_UINT64_2PART_C(0xfa000000, 00000000), -54); case 4: return DiyFp(DOUBLE_CONVERSION_UINT64_2PART_C(0x9c400000, 00000000), -50); case 5: return DiyFp(DOUBLE_CONVERSION_UINT64_2PART_C(0xc3500000, 00000000), -47); case 6: return DiyFp(DOUBLE_CONVERSION_UINT64_2PART_C(0xf4240000, 00000000), -44); case 7: return DiyFp(DOUBLE_CONVERSION_UINT64_2PART_C(0x98968000, 00000000), -40); default:
DOUBLE_CONVERSION_UNREACHABLE();
}
}
// If the function returns true then the result is the correct double. // Otherwise it is either the correct double or the double that is just below // the correct double. staticbool DiyFpStrtod(Vector<constchar> buffer, int exponent, double* result) {
DiyFp input; int remaining_decimals;
ReadDiyFp(buffer, &input, &remaining_decimals); // Since we may have dropped some digits the input is not accurate. // If remaining_decimals is different than 0 than the error is at most // .5 ulp (unit in the last place). // We don't want to deal with fractions and therefore keep a common // denominator. constint kDenominatorLog = 3; constint kDenominator = 1 << kDenominatorLog; // Move the remaining decimals into the exponent.
exponent += remaining_decimals;
uint64_t error = (remaining_decimals == 0 ? 0 : kDenominator / 2);
int old_e = input.e();
input.Normalize();
error <<= old_e - input.e();
DOUBLE_CONVERSION_ASSERT(exponent <= PowersOfTenCache::kMaxDecimalExponent); if (exponent < PowersOfTenCache::kMinDecimalExponent) {
*result = 0.0; returntrue;
}
DiyFp cached_power; int cached_decimal_exponent;
PowersOfTenCache::GetCachedPowerForDecimalExponent(exponent,
&cached_power,
&cached_decimal_exponent);
if (cached_decimal_exponent != exponent) { int adjustment_exponent = exponent - cached_decimal_exponent;
DiyFp adjustment_power = AdjustmentPowerOfTen(adjustment_exponent);
input.Multiply(adjustment_power); if (kMaxUint64DecimalDigits - buffer.length() >= adjustment_exponent) { // The product of input with the adjustment power fits into a 64 bit // integer.
DOUBLE_CONVERSION_ASSERT(DiyFp::kSignificandSize == 64);
} else { // The adjustment power is exact. There is hence only an error of 0.5.
error += kDenominator / 2;
}
}
input.Multiply(cached_power); // The error introduced by a multiplication of a*b equals // error_a + error_b + error_a*error_b/2^64 + 0.5 // Substituting a with 'input' and b with 'cached_power' we have // error_b = 0.5 (all cached powers have an error of less than 0.5 ulp), // error_ab = 0 or 1 / kDenominator > error_a*error_b/ 2^64 int error_b = kDenominator / 2; int error_ab = (error == 0 ? 0 : 1); // We round up to 1. int fixed_error = kDenominator / 2;
error += error_b + error_ab + fixed_error;
// See if the double's significand changes if we add/subtract the error. int order_of_magnitude = DiyFp::kSignificandSize + input.e(); int effective_significand_size = Double::SignificandSizeForOrderOfMagnitude(order_of_magnitude); int precision_digits_count =
DiyFp::kSignificandSize - effective_significand_size; if (precision_digits_count + kDenominatorLog >= DiyFp::kSignificandSize) { // This can only happen for very small denormals. In this case the // half-way multiplied by the denominator exceeds the range of an uint64. // Simply shift everything to the right. int shift_amount = (precision_digits_count + kDenominatorLog) -
DiyFp::kSignificandSize + 1;
input.set_f(input.f() >> shift_amount);
input.set_e(input.e() + shift_amount); // We add 1 for the lost precision of error, and kDenominator for // the lost precision of input.f().
error = (error >> shift_amount) + 1 + kDenominator;
precision_digits_count -= shift_amount;
} // We use uint64_ts now. This only works if the DiyFp uses uint64_ts too.
DOUBLE_CONVERSION_ASSERT(DiyFp::kSignificandSize == 64);
DOUBLE_CONVERSION_ASSERT(precision_digits_count < 64);
uint64_t one64 = 1;
uint64_t precision_bits_mask = (one64 << precision_digits_count) - 1;
uint64_t precision_bits = input.f() & precision_bits_mask;
uint64_t half_way = one64 << (precision_digits_count - 1);
precision_bits *= kDenominator;
half_way *= kDenominator;
DiyFp rounded_input(input.f() >> precision_digits_count,
input.e() + precision_digits_count); if (precision_bits >= half_way + error) {
rounded_input.set_f(rounded_input.f() + 1);
} // If the last_bits are too close to the half-way case than we are too // inaccurate and round down. In this case we return false so that we can // fall back to a more precise algorithm.
*result = Double(rounded_input).value(); if (half_way - error < precision_bits && precision_bits < half_way + error) { // Too imprecise. The caller will have to fall back to a slower version. // However the returned number is guaranteed to be either the correct // double, or the next-lower double. returnfalse;
} else { returntrue;
}
}
// Returns // - -1 if buffer*10^exponent < diy_fp. // - 0 if buffer*10^exponent == diy_fp. // - +1 if buffer*10^exponent > diy_fp. // Preconditions: // buffer.length() + exponent <= kMaxDecimalPower + 1 // buffer.length() + exponent > kMinDecimalPower // buffer.length() <= kMaxDecimalSignificantDigits staticint CompareBufferWithDiyFp(Vector<constchar> buffer, int exponent,
DiyFp diy_fp) {
DOUBLE_CONVERSION_ASSERT(buffer.length() + exponent <= kMaxDecimalPower + 1);
DOUBLE_CONVERSION_ASSERT(buffer.length() + exponent > kMinDecimalPower);
DOUBLE_CONVERSION_ASSERT(buffer.length() <= kMaxSignificantDecimalDigits); // Make sure that the Bignum will be able to hold all our numbers. // Our Bignum implementation has a separate field for exponents. Shifts will // consume at most one bigit (< 64 bits). // ln(10) == 3.3219...
DOUBLE_CONVERSION_ASSERT(((kMaxDecimalPower + 1) * 333 / 100) < Bignum::kMaxSignificantBits);
Bignum buffer_bignum;
Bignum diy_fp_bignum;
buffer_bignum.AssignDecimalString(buffer);
diy_fp_bignum.AssignUInt64(diy_fp.f()); if (exponent >= 0) {
buffer_bignum.MultiplyByPowerOfTen(exponent);
} else {
diy_fp_bignum.MultiplyByPowerOfTen(-exponent);
} if (diy_fp.e() > 0) {
diy_fp_bignum.ShiftLeft(diy_fp.e());
} else {
buffer_bignum.ShiftLeft(-diy_fp.e());
} return Bignum::Compare(buffer_bignum, diy_fp_bignum);
}
// Returns true if the guess is the correct double. // Returns false, when guess is either correct or the next-lower double. staticbool ComputeGuess(Vector<constchar> trimmed, int exponent, double* guess) { if (trimmed.length() == 0) {
*guess = 0.0; returntrue;
} if (exponent + trimmed.length() - 1 >= kMaxDecimalPower) {
*guess = Double::Infinity(); returntrue;
} if (exponent + trimmed.length() <= kMinDecimalPower) {
*guess = 0.0; returntrue;
}
if (DoubleStrtod(trimmed, exponent, guess) ||
DiyFpStrtod(trimmed, exponent, guess)) { returntrue;
} if (*guess == Double::Infinity()) { returntrue;
} returnfalse;
}
staticfloat SanitizedDoubletof(double d) {
DOUBLE_CONVERSION_ASSERT(d >= 0.0); // ASAN has a sanitize check that disallows casting doubles to floats if // they are too big. // https://clang.llvm.org/docs/UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer.html#available-checks // The behavior should be covered by IEEE 754, but some projects use this // flag, so work around it. float max_finite = 3.4028234663852885981170418348451692544e+38; // The half-way point between the max-finite and infinity value. // Since infinity has an even significand everything equal or greater than // this value should become infinity. double half_max_finite_infinity =
3.40282356779733661637539395458142568448e+38; if (d >= max_finite) { if (d >= half_max_finite_infinity) { return Single::Infinity();
} else { return max_finite;
}
} else { returnstatic_cast<float>(d);
}
}
float float_guess = SanitizedDoubletof(double_guess); if (float_guess == double_guess) { // This shortcut triggers for integer values. return float_guess;
}
// We must catch double-rounding. Say the double has been rounded up, and is // now a boundary of a float, and rounds up again. This is why we have to // look at previous too. // Example (in decimal numbers): // input: 12349 // high-precision (4 digits): 1235 // low-precision (3 digits): // when read from input: 123 // when rounded from high precision: 124. // To do this we simply look at the neighbors of the correct result and see // if they would round to the same float. If the guess is not correct we have // to look at four values (since two different doubles could be the correct // double).
// guess and next are the two possible candidates (in the same way that // double_guess was the lower candidate for a double-precision guess). float guess = f1; float next = f4;
DiyFp upper_boundary; if (guess == 0.0f) { float min_float = 1e-45f;
upper_boundary = Double(static_cast<double>(min_float) / 2).AsDiyFp();
} else {
upper_boundary = Single(guess).UpperBoundary();
} int comparison = CompareBufferWithDiyFp(trimmed, exponent, upper_boundary); if (comparison < 0) { return guess;
} elseif (comparison > 0) { return next;
} elseif ((Single(guess).Significand() & 1) == 0) { // Round towards even. return guess;
} else { return next;
}
}
} // namespace double_conversion
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