namespace { using bitrate_allocator_impl::AllocatableTrack;
// Allow packets to be transmitted in up to 2 times max video bitrate if the // bandwidth estimate allows it. const uint8_t kTransmissionMaxBitrateMultiplier = 2; const int kDefaultBitrateBps = 300000;
// Require a bitrate increase of max(10%, 20kbps) to resume paused streams. constdouble kToggleFactor = 0.1; const uint32_t kMinToggleBitrateBps = 20000;
// Splits `bitrate` evenly to observers already in `allocation`. // `include_zero_allocations` decides if zero allocations should be part of // the distribution or not. The allowed max bitrate is `max_multiplier` x // observer max bitrate. void DistributeBitrateEvenly( const std::vector<AllocatableTrack>& allocatable_tracks,
uint32_t bitrate, bool include_zero_allocations,
int max_multiplier,
std::map<BitrateAllocatorObserver*, int>* allocation) {
RTC_DCHECK_EQ(allocation->size(), allocatable_tracks.size());
std::multimap<uint32_t, const AllocatableTrack*> list_max_bitrates;
for (constauto& observer_config : allocatable_tracks) {
if (include_zero_allocations ||
allocation->at(observer_config.observer) != 0) {
list_max_bitrates.insert(
{observer_config.config.max_bitrate_bps, &observer_config});
}
} auto it = list_max_bitrates.begin(); while (it != list_max_bitrates.end()) {
RTC_DCHECK_GT(bitrate, 0);
uint32_t extra_allocation =
bitrate / static_cast<uint32_t>(list_max_bitrates.size());
uint32_t total_allocation =
extra_allocation + allocation->at(it->second->observer);
bitrate -= extra_allocation;
if (total_allocation > max_multiplier * it->first) { // There is more than we can fit for this observer, carry over to the // remaining observers.
bitrate += total_allocation - max_multiplier * it->first;
total_allocation = max_multiplier * it->first;
} // Finally, update the allocation for this observer.
allocation->at(it->second->observer) = total_allocation;
it = list_max_bitrates.erase(it);
}
}
// From the available `bitrate`, each observer will be allocated a // proportional amount based upon its bitrate priority. If that amount is // more than the observer's capacity, it will be allocated its capacity, and // the excess bitrate is still allocated proportionally to other observers. // Allocating the proportional amount means an observer with twice the // bitrate_priority of another will be allocated twice the bitrate. void DistributeBitrateRelatively( const std::vector<AllocatableTrack>& allocatable_tracks,
uint32_t remaining_bitrate, const std::map<BitrateAllocatorObserver*, int>& observers_capacities,
std::map<BitrateAllocatorObserver*, int>* allocation) {
RTC_DCHECK_EQ(allocation->size(), allocatable_tracks.size());
RTC_DCHECK_EQ(observers_capacities.size(), allocatable_tracks.size());
struct PriorityRateObserverConfig {
BitrateAllocatorObserver* allocation_key; // The amount of bitrate bps that can be allocated to this observer.
int capacity_bps; double bitrate_priority;
};
// Iterate in the order observers can be allocated their full capacity.
// We want to sort by which observers will be allocated their full capacity // first. By dividing each observer's capacity by its bitrate priority we // are "normalizing" the capacity of an observer by the rate it will be // filled. This is because the amount allocated is based upon bitrate // priority. We allocate twice as much bitrate to an observer with twice the // bitrate priority of another.
absl::c_sort(priority_rate_observers, [](constauto& a, constauto& b) { return a.capacity_bps / a.bitrate_priority <
b.capacity_bps / b.bitrate_priority;
});
size_t i;
for (i = 0; i < priority_rate_observers.size(); ++i) { constauto& priority_rate_observer = priority_rate_observers[i]; // We allocate the full capacity to an observer only if its relative // portion from the remaining bitrate is sufficient to allocate its full // capacity. This means we aren't greedily allocating the full capacity, but // that it is only done when there is also enough bitrate to allocate the // proportional amounts to all other observers. double observer_share =
priority_rate_observer.bitrate_priority / bitrate_priority_sum; double allocation_bps = observer_share * remaining_bitrate; bool enough_bitrate = allocation_bps >= priority_rate_observer.capacity_bps;
if (!enough_bitrate) break;
allocation->at(priority_rate_observer.allocation_key) +=
priority_rate_observer.capacity_bps;
remaining_bitrate -= priority_rate_observer.capacity_bps;
bitrate_priority_sum -= priority_rate_observer.bitrate_priority;
}
// From the remaining bitrate, allocate the proportional amounts to the // observers that aren't allocated their max capacity.
for (; i < priority_rate_observers.size(); ++i) { constauto& priority_rate_observer = priority_rate_observers[i]; double fraction_allocated =
priority_rate_observer.bitrate_priority / bitrate_priority_sum;
allocation->at(priority_rate_observer.allocation_key) +=
fraction_allocated * remaining_bitrate;
}
}
// Allocates bitrate to observers when there isn't enough to allocate the // minimum to all observers.
std::map<BitrateAllocatorObserver*, int> LowRateAllocation( const std::vector<AllocatableTrack>& allocatable_tracks,
uint32_t bitrate) {
std::map<BitrateAllocatorObserver*, int> allocation; // Start by allocating bitrate to observers enforcing a min bitrate, hence // remaining_bitrate might turn negative.
int64_t remaining_bitrate = bitrate;
for (constauto& observer_config : allocatable_tracks) {
int32_t allocated_bitrate = 0;
if (observer_config.config.enforce_min_bitrate)
allocated_bitrate = observer_config.config.min_bitrate_bps;
// Allocate bitrate to all previously active streams.
if (remaining_bitrate > 0) {
for (constauto& observer_config : allocatable_tracks) {
if (observer_config.config.enforce_min_bitrate ||
observer_config.LastAllocatedBitrate() == 0) continue;
// Allocate bitrate to previously paused streams.
if (remaining_bitrate > 0) {
for (constauto& observer_config : allocatable_tracks) {
if (observer_config.LastAllocatedBitrate() != 0) continue;
// Add a hysteresis to avoid toggling.
uint32_t required_bitrate = observer_config.MinBitrateWithHysteresis();
if (remaining_bitrate >= required_bitrate) {
allocation[observer_config.observer] = required_bitrate;
remaining_bitrate -= required_bitrate;
}
}
}
// Split a possible remainder evenly on all streams with an allocation.
if (remaining_bitrate > 0)
DistributeBitrateEvenly(allocatable_tracks, remaining_bitrate, false, 1,
&allocation);
// Allocates bitrate to all observers when the available bandwidth is enough // to allocate the minimum to all observers but not enough to allocate the // max bitrate of each observer.
// Allocates the bitrate based on the bitrate priority of each observer. This // bitrate priority defines the priority for bitrate to be allocated to that // observer in relation to other observers. For example with two observers, if // observer 1 had a bitrate_priority = 1.0, and observer 2 has a // bitrate_priority = 2.0, the expected behavior is that observer 2 will be // allocated twice the bitrate as observer 1 above the each observer's // min_bitrate_bps values, until one of the observers hits its max_bitrate_bps.
std::map<BitrateAllocatorObserver*, int> NormalRateAllocation( const std::vector<AllocatableTrack>& allocatable_tracks,
uint32_t bitrate,
uint32_t sum_min_bitrates) {
std::map<BitrateAllocatorObserver*, int> allocation;
std::map<BitrateAllocatorObserver*, int> observers_capacities;
for (constauto& observer_config : allocatable_tracks) {
allocation[observer_config.observer] =
observer_config.config.min_bitrate_bps;
observers_capacities[observer_config.observer] =
observer_config.config.max_bitrate_bps -
observer_config.config.min_bitrate_bps;
}
bitrate -= sum_min_bitrates;
// TODO(srte): Implement fair sharing between prioritized streams, currently // they are treated on a first come first serve basis.
for (constauto& observer_config : allocatable_tracks) {
int64_t priority_margin = observer_config.config.priority_bitrate_bps -
allocation[observer_config.observer];
if (priority_margin > 0 && bitrate > 0) {
int64_t extra_bitrate = std::min<int64_t>(priority_margin, bitrate);
allocation[observer_config.observer] += dchecked_cast<int>(extra_bitrate);
observers_capacities[observer_config.observer] -= extra_bitrate;
bitrate -= extra_bitrate;
}
}
// From the remaining bitrate, allocate a proportional amount to each observer // above the min bitrate already allocated.
if (bitrate > 0)
DistributeBitrateRelatively(allocatable_tracks, bitrate,
observers_capacities, &allocation);
return allocation;
}
// Allocates bitrate to observers when there is enough available bandwidth // for all observers to be allocated their max bitrate.
std::map<BitrateAllocatorObserver*, int> MaxRateAllocation( const std::vector<AllocatableTrack>& allocatable_tracks,
uint32_t bitrate,
uint32_t /* sum_max_bitrates */) {
std::map<BitrateAllocatorObserver*, int> allocation;
// Allocates zero bitrate to all observers.
std::map<BitrateAllocatorObserver*, int> ZeroRateAllocation( const std::vector<AllocatableTrack>& allocatable_tracks) {
std::map<BitrateAllocatorObserver*, int> allocation;
for (constauto& observer_config : allocatable_tracks)
allocation[observer_config.observer] = 0; return allocation;
}
// Returns new allocation if modified, std::nullopt otherwise.
std::optional<std::map<BitrateAllocatorObserver*, int>> MaybeApplySurplus( const std::map<BitrateAllocatorObserver*, int>& allocation, const std::vector<AllocatableTrack>& allocatable_tracks,
DataRate bitrate,
DataRate upper_elastic_limit) {
if (upper_elastic_limit.IsZero()) return std::nullopt;
// In this first pass looping over all `allocatable_tracks`, we aggregates // - `surplus`: sum of unused rates for all kCanContribute* tracks, // - `sum_demand`: sum of `bitrate_priority` for all tracks that can consume // more bitrate to allow proportional sharing of surplus later, // - `sum_allocated`: sum of allocated bitrates for all tracks, which might // be larger than `bitrate` e.g. when min_bitrate_bps are enforced.
DataRate surplus = DataRate::Zero(); double sum_demand = 0.0;
DataRate sum_allocated = DataRate::Zero();
for (constauto& observer_config : allocatable_tracks) { constauto it = allocation.find(observer_config.observer);
if (it == allocation.end()) { // No allocation for this track. continue;
} const DataRate allocated = DataRate::BitsPerSec(it->second);
sum_allocated += allocated;
if (const std::optional<TrackRateElasticity> elasticity =
observer_config.config.rate_elasticity) { bool inactive_can_contribute_and_consume = false;
if (elasticity == TrackRateElasticity::kCanContributeUnusedRate ||
elasticity == TrackRateElasticity::kCanContributeAndConsume) {
if (const std::optional<DataRate> used =
observer_config.observer->GetUsedRate()) {
if (*used < allocated) {
surplus += allocated - *used;
if (elasticity == TrackRateElasticity::kCanContributeAndConsume &&
*used < allocated / 2) {
inactive_can_contribute_and_consume = true;
}
}
}
}
if (!inactive_can_contribute_and_consume &&
(elasticity == TrackRateElasticity::kCanConsumeExtraRate ||
elasticity == TrackRateElasticity::kCanContributeAndConsume)) {
sum_demand += observer_config.config.bitrate_priority;
}
}
}
// `sum_allocated` can exceed `bitrate` if sum minBitrates exceeds // estimated rate. The real `surplus` should cover the difference.
DataRate overshoot =
(sum_allocated >= bitrate) ? (sum_allocated - bitrate) : DataRate::Zero();
if (sum_demand < 0.0001 || overshoot > surplus) { // No demand for extra bitrate or no available surplus. return std::nullopt;
}
surplus -= overshoot;
auto new_allocation = allocation; // We loop over all allocatable_tracks again, and proportionally assign // `surplus` to each track according to `bitrate_priority`.
for (constauto& observer_config : allocatable_tracks) { auto it = new_allocation.find(observer_config.observer);
if (it == new_allocation.end()) { // No allocation for this track. continue;
}
std::optional<TrackRateElasticity> elasticity =
observer_config.config.rate_elasticity;
if (elasticity == TrackRateElasticity::kCanConsumeExtraRate ||
elasticity == TrackRateElasticity::kCanContributeAndConsume) {
DataRate allocated = DataRate::BitsPerSec(it->second);
if (allocated < upper_elastic_limit) {
allocated +=
surplus * (observer_config.config.bitrate_priority / sum_demand);
if (allocated > upper_elastic_limit)
allocated = upper_elastic_limit;
}
DataRate max_bitrate =
DataRate::BitsPerSec(observer_config.config.max_bitrate_bps);
if (allocated > max_bitrate) {
allocated = max_bitrate;
} // Save new allocated rate back to `new_allocation`.
it->second = allocated.bps();
}
} return new_allocation;
}
// Not enough for all observers to get an allocation, allocate according to: // enforced min bitrate -> allocated bitrate previous round -> restart paused // streams.
if (!EnoughBitrateForAllObservers(allocatable_tracks, bitrate,
sum_min_bitrates)) return LowRateAllocation(allocatable_tracks, bitrate);
// All observers will get their min bitrate plus a share of the rest. This // share is allocated to each observer based on its bitrate_priority.
if (bitrate <= sum_max_bitrates) { auto allocation =
NormalRateAllocation(allocatable_tracks, bitrate, sum_min_bitrates); return MaybeApplySurplus(allocation, allocatable_tracks,
DataRate::BitsPerSec(bitrate), upper_elastic_limit)
.value_or(allocation);
}
// All observers will get up to transmission_max_bitrate_multiplier_ x max. return MaxRateAllocation(allocatable_tracks, bitrate, sum_max_bitrates);
}
if (allocated_bitrate == 0 && track.allocated_bitrate_bps > 0) {
if (last_target_bps_ > 0)
++num_pause_events_; // The protection bitrate is an estimate based on the ratio between media // and protection used before this observer was muted.
uint32_t predicted_protection_bps =
(1.0 - track.media_ratio) * track.config.min_bitrate_bps;
RTC_LOG(LS_INFO) << "Pausing observer " << track.observer
<< " with configured min bitrate "
<< track.config.min_bitrate_bps
<< " and current estimate of " << last_target_bps_
<< " and protection bitrate "
<< predicted_protection_bps;
} else if (allocated_bitrate > 0 && track.allocated_bitrate_bps == 0) {
if (last_target_bps_ > 0)
++num_pause_events_;
RTC_LOG(LS_INFO) << "Resuming observer " << track.observer
<< ", configured min bitrate "
<< track.config.min_bitrate_bps
<< ", current allocation " << allocated_bitrate
<< " and protection bitrate " << protection_bitrate;
}
// Only update the media ratio if the observer got an allocation.
if (allocated_bitrate > 0)
track.media_ratio = MediaRatio(allocated_bitrate, protection_bitrate);
track.allocated_bitrate_bps = allocated_bitrate;
track.last_used_bitrate = track.observer->GetUsedRate();
}
UpdateAllocationLimits();
}
void BitrateAllocator::AddObserver(BitrateAllocatorObserver* observer,
MediaStreamAllocationConfig config) {
RTC_DCHECK_RUN_ON(&sequenced_checker_);
RTC_DCHECK_GT(config.bitrate_priority, 0);
RTC_DCHECK(std::isnormal(config.bitrate_priority)); auto it = absl::c_find_if(
allocatable_tracks_,
[observer](constauto& config) { return config.observer == observer; }); // Update settings if the observer already exists, create a new one otherwise.
if (it != allocatable_tracks_.end()) {
it->config = config;
} else {
allocatable_tracks_.push_back(AllocatableTrack(observer, config));
}
if (last_target_bps_ > 0) { // Calculate a new allocation and update all observers.
auto allocation = AllocateBitrates(allocatable_tracks_, last_target_bps_,
upper_elastic_rate_limit_);
for (auto& track : allocatable_tracks_) {
uint32_t allocated_bitrate = allocation[track.observer];
BitrateAllocationUpdate update;
update.target_bitrate = DataRate::BitsPerSec(allocated_bitrate);
update.packet_loss_ratio = last_fraction_loss_ / 256.0;
update.round_trip_time = TimeDelta::Millis(last_rtt_);
update.bwe_period = TimeDelta::Millis(last_bwe_period_ms_);
uint32_t protection_bitrate = track.observer->OnBitrateUpdated(update);
track.allocated_bitrate_bps = allocated_bitrate;
track.last_used_bitrate = track.observer->GetUsedRate();
if (allocated_bitrate > 0)
track.media_ratio = MediaRatio(allocated_bitrate, protection_bitrate);
}
} else { // Currently, an encoder is not allowed to produce frames. // But we still have to return the initial config bitrate + let the // observer know that it can not produce frames.
void BitrateAllocator::RemoveObserver(BitrateAllocatorObserver* observer) {
RTC_DCHECK_RUN_ON(&sequenced_checker_);
for (auto it = allocatable_tracks_.begin(); it != allocatable_tracks_.end();
++it) {
if (it->observer == observer) {
allocatable_tracks_.erase(it); break;
}
}
UpdateAllocationLimits();
}
int BitrateAllocator::GetStartBitrate(
BitrateAllocatorObserver* observer) const {
RTC_DCHECK_RUN_ON(&sequenced_checker_); auto it = absl::c_find_if(
allocatable_tracks_,
[observer](constauto& config) { return config.observer == observer; });
if (it == allocatable_tracks_.end()) { // This observer hasn't been added yet, just give it its fair share. return last_non_zero_bitrate_bps_ / static_cast<int>((allocatable_tracks_.size() + 1));
} else if (it->allocated_bitrate_bps == -1) { // This observer hasn't received an allocation yet, so do the same. return last_non_zero_bitrate_bps_ / static_cast<int>(allocatable_tracks_.size());
} else { // This observer already has an allocation. return it->allocated_bitrate_bps;
}
}
uint32_t bitrate_allocator_impl::AllocatableTrack::LastAllocatedBitrate() const { // Return the configured minimum bitrate for newly added observers, to avoid // requiring an extra high bitrate for the observer to get an allocated // bitrate. return allocated_bitrate_bps == -1 ? config.min_bitrate_bps
: allocated_bitrate_bps;
}
uint32_t bitrate_allocator_impl::AllocatableTrack::MinBitrateWithHysteresis() const {
uint32_t min_bitrate = config.min_bitrate_bps;
if (LastAllocatedBitrate() == 0) {
min_bitrate += std::max(static_cast<uint32_t>(kToggleFactor * min_bitrate),
kMinToggleBitrateBps);
} // Account for protection bitrate used by this observer in the previous // allocation. // Note: the ratio will only be updated when the stream is active, meaning a // paused stream won't get any ratio updates. This might lead to waiting a bit // longer than necessary if the network condition improves, but this is to // avoid too much toggling.
if (media_ratio > 0.0 && media_ratio < 1.0)
min_bitrate += min_bitrate * (1.0 - media_ratio);
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