//! An implementation of the GNU make jobserver. //! //! This crate is an implementation, in Rust, of the GNU `make` jobserver for //! CLI tools that are interoperating with make or otherwise require some form //! of parallelism limiting across process boundaries. This was originally //! written for usage in Cargo to both (a) work when `cargo` is invoked from //! `make` (using `make`'s jobserver) and (b) work when `cargo` invokes build //! scripts, exporting a jobserver implementation for `make` processes to //! transitively use. //! //! The jobserver implementation can be found in [detail online][docs] but //! basically boils down to a cross-process semaphore. On Unix this is //! implemented with the `pipe` syscall and read/write ends of a pipe and on //! Windows this is implemented literally with IPC semaphores. Starting from //! GNU `make` version 4.4, named pipe becomes the default way in communication //! on Unix. This crate also supports that feature in the sense of inheriting //! and forwarding the correct environment. //! //! The jobserver protocol in `make` also dictates when tokens are acquired to //! run child work, and clients using this crate should take care to implement //! such details to ensure correct interoperation with `make` itself. //! //! ## Examples //! //! Connect to a jobserver that was set up by `make` or a different process: //! //! ```no_run //! use jobserver::Client; //! //! // See API documentation for why this is `unsafe` //! let client = match unsafe { Client::from_env() } { //! Some(client) => client, //! None => panic!("client not configured"), //! }; //! ``` //! //! Acquire and release token from a jobserver: //! //! ```no_run //! use jobserver::Client; //! //! let client = unsafe { Client::from_env().unwrap() }; //! let token = client.acquire().unwrap(); // blocks until it is available //! drop(token); // releases the token when the work is done //! ``` //! //! Create a new jobserver and configure a child process to have access: //! //! ``` //! use std::process::Command; //! use jobserver::Client; //! //! let client = Client::new(4).expect("failed to create jobserver"); //! let mut cmd = Command::new("make"); //! client.configure(&mut cmd); //! ``` //! //! ## Caveats //! //! This crate makes no attempt to release tokens back to a jobserver on //! abnormal exit of a process. If a process which acquires a token is killed //! with ctrl-c or some similar signal then tokens will not be released and the //! jobserver may be in a corrupt state. //! //! Note that this is typically ok as ctrl-c means that an entire build process //! is being torn down, but it's worth being aware of at least! //! //! ## Windows caveats //! //! There appear to be two implementations of `make` on Windows. On MSYS2 one //! typically comes as `mingw32-make` and the other as `make` itself. I'm not //! personally too familiar with what's going on here, but for jobserver-related //! information the `mingw32-make` implementation uses Windows semaphores //! whereas the `make` program does not. The `make` program appears to use file //! descriptors and I'm not really sure how it works, so this crate is not //! compatible with `make` on Windows. It is, however, compatible with //! `mingw32-make`. //! //! [docs]: https://make.mad-scientist.net/papers/jobserver-implementation/
use std::env; use std::ffi::OsString; use std::io; use std::process::Command; use std::sync::{Arc, Condvar, Mutex, MutexGuard};
mod error; #[cfg(unix)] #[path = "unix.rs"] mod imp; #[cfg(windows)] #[path = "windows.rs"] mod imp; #[cfg(not(any(unix, windows)))] #[path = "wasm.rs"] mod imp;
/// A client of a jobserver /// /// This structure is the main type exposed by this library, and is where /// interaction to a jobserver is configured through. Clients are either created /// from scratch in which case the internal semphore is initialied on the spot, /// or a client is created from the environment to connect to a jobserver /// already created. /// /// Some usage examples can be found in the crate documentation for using a /// client. /// /// Note that a [`Client`] implements the [`Clone`] trait, and all instances of /// a [`Client`] refer to the same jobserver instance. #[derive(Clone, Debug)] pubstruct Client {
inner: Arc<imp::Client>,
}
/// An acquired token from a jobserver. /// /// This token will be released back to the jobserver when it is dropped and /// otherwise represents the ability to spawn off another thread of work. #[derive(Debug)] pubstruct Acquired {
client: Arc<imp::Client>,
data: imp::Acquired,
disabled: bool,
}
impl Acquired { /// This drops the [`Acquired`] token without releasing the associated token. /// /// This is not generally useful, but can be helpful if you do not have the /// ability to store an Acquired token but need to not yet release it. /// /// You'll typically want to follow this up with a call to /// [`Client::release_raw`] or similar to actually release the token later on. pubfn drop_without_releasing(mutself) { self.disabled = true;
}
}
use error::FromEnvErrorInner; pubuse error::{FromEnvError, FromEnvErrorKind};
/// Return type for [`Client::from_env_ext`] function. #[derive(Debug)] pubstruct FromEnv { /// Result of trying to get jobserver client from env. pub client: Result<Client, FromEnvError>, /// Name and value of the environment variable. /// `None` if no relevant environment variable is found. pub var: Option<(&'static str, OsString)>,
}
impl Client { /// Creates a new jobserver initialized with the given parallelism limit. /// /// A client to the jobserver created will be returned. This client will /// allow at most `limit` tokens to be acquired from it in parallel. More /// calls to [`Client::acquire`] will cause the calling thread to block. /// /// Note that the created [`Client`] is not automatically inherited into /// spawned child processes from this program. Manual usage of the /// [`Client::configure`] function is required for a child process to have /// access to a job server. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use jobserver::Client; /// /// let client = Client::new(4).expect("failed to create jobserver"); /// ``` /// /// # Errors /// /// Returns an error if any I/O error happens when attempting to create the /// jobserver client. pubfn new(limit: usize) -> io::Result<Client> {
Ok(Client {
inner: Arc::new(imp::Client::new(limit)?),
})
}
/// Attempts to connect to the jobserver specified in this process's /// environment. /// /// When the a `make` executable calls a child process it will configure the /// environment of the child to ensure that it has handles to the jobserver /// it's passing down. This function will attempt to look for these details /// and connect to the jobserver. /// /// Note that the created [`Client`] is not automatically inherited into /// spawned child processes from this program. Manual usage of the /// [`Client::configure`] function is required for a child process to have /// access to a job server. /// /// # Return value /// /// [`FromEnv`] contains result and relevant environment variable. /// If a jobserver was found in the environment and it looks correct then /// result with the connected client will be returned. In other cases /// result will contain `Err(FromEnvErr)`. /// /// Additionally on Unix this function will configure the file descriptors /// with `CLOEXEC` so they're not automatically inherited by spawned /// children. /// /// On unix if `check_pipe` enabled this function will check if provided /// files are actually pipes. /// /// # Safety /// /// This function is `unsafe` to call on Unix specifically as it /// transitively requires usage of the `from_raw_fd` function, which is /// itself unsafe in some circumstances. /// /// It's recommended to call this function very early in the lifetime of a /// program before any other file descriptors are opened. That way you can /// make sure to take ownership properly of the file descriptors passed /// down, if any. /// /// It is ok to call this function any number of times. pubunsafefn from_env_ext(check_pipe: bool) -> FromEnv { let (env, var_os) = match ["CARGO_MAKEFLAGS", "MAKEFLAGS", "MFLAGS"]
.iter()
.map(|&env| env::var_os(env).map(|var| (env, var)))
.find_map(|p| p)
{
Some((env, var_os)) => (env, var_os),
None => return FromEnv::new_err(FromEnvErrorInner::NoEnvVar, "", Default::default()),
};
let var = match var_os.to_str() {
Some(var) => var,
None => { let err = FromEnvErrorInner::CannotParse("not valid UTF-8".to_string()); return FromEnv::new_err(err, env, var_os);
}
};
let s = match find_jobserver_auth(var) {
Some(s) => s,
None => return FromEnv::new_err(FromEnvErrorInner::NoJobserver, env, var_os),
}; match imp::Client::open(s, check_pipe) {
Ok(c) => FromEnv::new_ok(Client { inner: Arc::new(c) }, env, var_os),
Err(err) => FromEnv::new_err(err, env, var_os),
}
}
/// Attempts to connect to the jobserver specified in this process's /// environment. /// /// Wraps [`Client::from_env_ext`] and discards error details. /// /// # Safety /// /// This function is `unsafe` to call on Unix specifically as it /// transitively requires usage of the `from_raw_fd` function, which is /// itself unsafe in some circumstances. /// /// It's recommended to call this function very early in the lifetime of a /// program before any other file descriptors are opened. That way you can /// make sure to take ownership properly of the file descriptors passed /// down, if any. /// /// It is ok to call this function any number of times. pubunsafefn from_env() -> Option<Client> { Self::from_env_ext(false).client.ok()
}
/// Acquires a token from this jobserver client. /// /// This function will block the calling thread until a new token can be /// acquired from the jobserver. /// /// # Return value /// /// On successful acquisition of a token an instance of [`Acquired`] is /// returned. This structure, when dropped, will release the token back to /// the jobserver. It's recommended to avoid leaking this value. /// /// # Errors /// /// If an I/O error happens while acquiring a token then this function will /// return immediately with the error. If an error is returned then a token /// was not acquired. pubfn acquire(&self) -> io::Result<Acquired> { let data = self.inner.acquire()?;
Ok(Acquired {
client: self.inner.clone(),
data,
disabled: false,
})
}
/// Acquires a token from this jobserver client in a non-blocking way. /// /// # Return value /// /// On successful acquisition of a token an instance of [`Acquired`] is /// returned. This structure, when dropped, will release the token back to /// the jobserver. It's recommended to avoid leaking this value. /// /// # Errors /// /// If an I/O error happens while acquiring a token then this function will /// return immediately with the error. If an error is returned then a token /// was not acquired. /// /// If non-blocking acquire is not supported, the return error will have its `kind()` /// set to [`io::ErrorKind::Unsupported`]. pubfn try_acquire(&self) -> io::Result<Option<Acquired>> { let ret = self.inner.try_acquire()?;
/// Returns amount of tokens in the read-side pipe. /// /// # Return value /// /// Number of bytes available to be read from the jobserver pipe /// /// # Errors /// /// Underlying errors from the ioctl will be passed up. pubfn available(&self) -> io::Result<usize> { self.inner.available()
}
/// Configures a child process to have access to this client's jobserver as /// well. /// /// This function is required to be called to ensure that a jobserver is /// properly inherited to a child process. If this function is *not* called /// then this [`Client`] will not be accessible in the child process. In /// other words, if not called, then [`Client::from_env`] will return `None` /// in the child process (or the equivalent of [`Client::from_env`] that /// `make` uses). /// /// ## Platform-specific behavior /// /// On Unix and Windows this will clobber the `CARGO_MAKEFLAGS` environment /// variables for the child process, and on Unix this will also allow the /// two file descriptors for this client to be inherited to the child. /// /// On platforms other than Unix and Windows this panics. pubfn configure(&self, cmd: &mut Command) {
cmd.env("CARGO_MAKEFLAGS", &self.mflags_env()); self.inner.configure(cmd);
}
/// Configures a child process to have access to this client's jobserver as /// well. /// /// This function is required to be called to ensure that a jobserver is /// properly inherited to a child process. If this function is *not* called /// then this [`Client`] will not be accessible in the child process. In /// other words, if not called, then [`Client::from_env`] will return `None` /// in the child process (or the equivalent of [`Client::from_env`] that /// `make` uses). /// /// ## Platform-specific behavior /// /// On Unix and Windows this will clobber the `CARGO_MAKEFLAGS`, /// `MAKEFLAGS` and `MFLAGS` environment variables for the child process, /// and on Unix this will also allow the two file descriptors for /// this client to be inherited to the child. /// /// On platforms other than Unix and Windows this panics. pubfn configure_make(&self, cmd: &mut Command) { let value = self.mflags_env();
cmd.env("CARGO_MAKEFLAGS", &value);
cmd.env("MAKEFLAGS", &value);
cmd.env("MFLAGS", &value); self.inner.configure(cmd);
}
fn mflags_env(&self) -> String { let arg = self.inner.string_arg(); // Older implementations of make use `--jobserver-fds` and newer // implementations use `--jobserver-auth`, pass both to try to catch // both implementations.
format!("-j --jobserver-fds={0} --jobserver-auth={0}", arg)
}
/// Converts this [`Client`] into a helper thread to deal with a blocking /// [`Client::acquire`] function a little more easily. /// /// The fact that the [`Client::acquire`] isn't always the easiest to work /// with. Typically you're using a jobserver to manage running other events /// in parallel! This means that you need to either (a) wait for an existing /// job to finish or (b) wait for a new token to become available. /// /// Unfortunately the blocking in [`Client::acquire`] happens at the /// implementation layer of jobservers. On Unix this requires a blocking /// call to `read` and on Windows this requires one of the `WaitFor*` /// functions. Both of these situations aren't the easiest to deal with: /// /// * On Unix there's basically only one way to wake up a `read` early, and /// that's through a signal. This is what the `make` implementation /// itself uses, relying on `SIGCHLD` to wake up a blocking acquisition /// of a new job token. Unfortunately nonblocking I/O is not an option /// here, so it means that "waiting for one of two events" means that /// the latter event must generate a signal! This is not always the case /// on unix for all jobservers. /// /// * On Windows you'd have to basically use the `WaitForMultipleObjects` /// which means that you've got to canonicalize all your event sources /// into a `HANDLE` which also isn't the easiest thing to do /// unfortunately. /// /// This function essentially attempts to ease these limitations by /// converting this [`Client`] into a helper thread spawned into this /// process. The application can then request that the helper thread /// acquires tokens and the provided closure will be invoked for each token /// acquired. /// /// The intention is that this function can be used to translate the event /// of a token acquisition into an arbitrary user-defined event. /// /// # Arguments /// /// This function will consume the [`Client`] provided to be transferred to /// the helper thread that is spawned. Additionally a closure `f` is /// provided to be invoked whenever a token is acquired. /// /// This closure is only invoked after calls to /// [`HelperThread::request_token`] have been made and a token itself has /// been acquired. If an error happens while acquiring the token then /// an error will be yielded to the closure as well. /// /// # Return Value /// /// This function will return an instance of the [`HelperThread`] structure /// which is used to manage the helper thread associated with this client. /// Through the [`HelperThread`] you'll request that tokens are acquired. /// When acquired, the closure provided here is invoked. /// /// When the [`HelperThread`] structure is returned it will be gracefully /// torn down, and the calling thread will be blocked until the thread is /// torn down (which should be prompt). /// /// # Errors /// /// This function may fail due to creation of the helper thread or /// auxiliary I/O objects to manage the helper thread. In any of these /// situations the error is propagated upwards. /// /// # Platform-specific behavior /// /// On Windows this function behaves pretty normally as expected, but on /// Unix the implementation is... a little heinous. As mentioned above /// we're forced into blocking I/O for token acquisition, namely a blocking /// call to `read`. We must be able to unblock this, however, to tear down /// the helper thread gracefully! /// /// Essentially what happens is that we'll send a signal to the helper /// thread spawned and rely on `EINTR` being returned to wake up the helper /// thread. This involves installing a global `SIGUSR1` handler that does /// nothing along with sending signals to that thread. This may cause /// odd behavior in some applications, so it's recommended to review and /// test thoroughly before using this. pubfn into_helper_thread<F>(self, f: F) -> io::Result<HelperThread> where
F: FnMut(io::Result<Acquired>) + Send + 'static,
{ let state = Arc::new(HelperState::default());
Ok(HelperThread {
inner: Some(imp::spawn_helper(self, state.clone(), Box::new(f))?),
state,
})
}
/// Blocks the current thread until a token is acquired. /// /// This is the same as [`Client::acquire`], except that it doesn't return /// an RAII helper. If successful the process will need to guarantee that /// [`Client::release_raw`] is called in the future. pubfn acquire_raw(&self) -> io::Result<()> { self.inner.acquire()?;
Ok(())
}
/// Releases a jobserver token back to the original jobserver. /// /// This is intended to be paired with [`Client::acquire_raw`] if it was /// called, but in some situations it could also be called to relinquish a /// process's implicit token temporarily which is then re-acquired later. pubfn release_raw(&self) -> io::Result<()> { self.inner.release(None)?;
Ok(())
}
}
impl Drop for Acquired { fn drop(&mutself) { if !self.disabled {
drop(self.client.release(Some(&self.data)));
}
}
}
/// Structure returned from [`Client::into_helper_thread`] to manage the lifetime /// of the helper thread returned, see those associated docs for more info. #[derive(Debug)] pubstruct HelperThread {
inner: Option<imp::Helper>,
state: Arc<HelperState>,
}
impl HelperThread { /// Request that the helper thread acquires a token, eventually calling the /// original closure with a token when it's available. /// /// For more information, see the docs on [`Client::into_helper_thread`]. pubfn request_token(&self) { // Indicate that there's one more request for a token and then wake up // the helper thread if it's sleeping. self.state.lock().requests += 1; self.state.cvar.notify_one();
}
}
impl Drop for HelperThread { fn drop(&mutself) { // Flag that the producer half is done so the helper thread should exit // quickly if it's waiting. Wake it up if it's actually waiting self.state.lock().producer_done = true; self.state.cvar.notify_one();
// ... and afterwards perform any thread cleanup logic self.inner.take().unwrap().join();
}
}
/// Executes `f` for each request for a token, where `f` is expected to /// block and then provide the original closure with a token once it's /// acquired. /// /// This is an infinite loop until the helper thread is dropped, at which /// point everything should get interrupted. fn for_each_request(&self, mut f: impl FnMut(&HelperState)) { letmut lock = self.lock();
// We only execute while we could receive requests, but as soon as // that's `false` we're out of here. while !lock.producer_done { // If no one's requested a token then we wait for someone to // request a token. if lock.requests == 0 {
lock = self.cvar.wait(lock).unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner()); continue;
}
// Consume the request for a token, and then actually acquire a // token after unlocking our lock (not that acquisition happens in // `f`). This ensures that we don't actually hold the lock if we // wait for a long time for a token.
lock.requests -= 1;
drop(lock);
f(self);
lock = self.lock();
}
lock.consumer_done = true; self.cvar.notify_one();
}
}
/// Finds and returns the value of `--jobserver-auth=<VALUE>` in the given /// environment variable. /// /// Precedence rules: /// /// * The last instance wins [^1]. /// * `--jobserver-fds=` as a fallback when no `--jobserver-auth=` is present [^2]. /// /// [^1]: See ["GNU `make` manual: Sharing Job Slots with GNU `make`"](https://www.gnu.org/software/make/manual/make.html#Job-Slots) /// _"Be aware that the `MAKEFLAGS` variable may contain multiple instances of /// the `--jobserver-auth=` option. Only the last instance is relevant."_ /// /// [^2]: Refer to [the release announcement](https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/make.git/tree/NEWS?h=4.2#n31) /// of GNU Make 4.2, which states that `--jobserver-fds` was initially an /// internal-only flag and was later renamed to `--jobserver-auth`. fn find_jobserver_auth(var: &str) -> Option<&str> {
["--jobserver-auth=", "--jobserver-fds="]
.iter()
.find_map(|&arg| var.rsplit_once(arg).map(|(_, s)| s))
.and_then(|s| s.split(' ').next())
}
#[cfg(windows)] #[test] fn test_try_acquire() { let client = Client::new(0).unwrap();
run_named_fifo_try_acquire_tests(&client);
}
#[test] fn no_helper_deadlock() { let x = crate::Client::new(32).unwrap(); let _y = x.clone();
std::mem::drop(x.into_helper_thread(|_| {}).unwrap());
}
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