//! A small number of math routines for floats and doubles.
//!
//! These are adapted from libm, a port of musl libc's libm to Rust.
//! libm can be found online [here](https://github.com/rust-lang/libm),
//! and is similarly licensed under an Apache2.0/MIT license
#![cfg(all(not(feature =
"std"), feature =
"compact"))]
#![doc(hidden)]
/* origin: FreeBSD /usr/src/lib/msun/src/e_powf.c */
/*
* Conversion to float by Ian Lance Taylor, Cygnus Support, ian@cygnus.com.
*/
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/// # Safety
///
/// Safe if `index < array.len()`.
macro_rules! i {
($array:ident, $index:expr) => {
// SAFETY: safe if `index < array.len()`.
unsafe { *$array.get_unchecked($index) }
};
}
pub fn powf(x: f32, y: f32) -> f32 {
const BP: [f32;
2] = [
1.
0,
1.
5];
const DP_H: [f32;
2] = [
0.
0,
5.
84960938e-
01];
/* 0x3f15c000 */
const DP_L: [f32;
2] = [
0.
0,
1.
56322085e-
06];
/* 0x35d1cfdc */
const TWO24: f32 =
16777216.
0;
/* 0x4b800000 */
const HUGE: f32 =
1.
0e30;
const TINY: f32 =
1.
0e-
30;
const L1: f32 =
6.
0000002384e-
01;
/* 0x3f19999a */
const L2: f32 =
4.
2857143283e-
01;
/* 0x3edb6db7 */
const L3: f32 =
3.
3333334327e-
01;
/* 0x3eaaaaab */
const L4: f32 =
2.
7272811532e-
01;
/* 0x3e8ba305 */
const L5: f32 =
2.
3066075146e-
01;
/* 0x3e6c3255 */
const L6: f32 =
2.
0697501302e-
01;
/* 0x3e53f142 */
const P1: f32 =
1.
6666667163e-
01;
/* 0x3e2aaaab */
const P2: f32 = -
2.
7777778450e-
03;
/* 0xbb360b61 */
const P3: f32 =
6.
6137559770e-
05;
/* 0x388ab355 */
const P4: f32 = -
1.
6533901999e-
06;
/* 0xb5ddea0e */
const P5: f32 =
4.
1381369442e-
08;
/* 0x3331bb4c */
const LG2: f32 =
6.
9314718246e-
01;
/* 0x3f317218 */
const LG2_H: f32 =
6.
93145752e-
01;
/* 0x3f317200 */
const LG2_L: f32 =
1.
42860654e-
06;
/* 0x35bfbe8c */
const OVT: f32 =
4.
2995665694e-
08;
/* -(128-log2(ovfl+.5ulp)) */
const CP: f32 =
9.
6179670095e-
01;
/* 0x3f76384f =2/(3ln2) */
const CP_H: f32 =
9.
6191406250e-
01;
/* 0x3f764000 =12b cp */
const CP_L: f32 = -
1.
1736857402e-
04;
/* 0xb8f623c6 =tail of cp_h */
const IVLN2: f32 =
1.
4426950216e+
00;
const IVLN2_H: f32 =
1.
4426879883e+
00;
const IVLN2_L: f32 =
7.
0526075433e-
06;
let mut z: f32;
let mut ax: f32;
let z_h: f32;
let z_l: f32;
let mut p_h: f32;
let mut p_l: f32;
let y1: f32;
let mut t1: f32;
let t2: f32;
let mut r: f32;
let s: f32;
let mut sn: f32;
let mut t: f32;
let mut u: f32;
let mut v: f32;
let mut w: f32;
let i: i32;
let mut j: i32;
let mut k: i32;
let mut yisint: i32;
let mut n: i32;
let hx: i32;
let hy: i32;
let mut ix: i32;
let iy: i32;
let mut is: i32;
hx = x.to_bits()
as i32;
hy = y.to_bits()
as i32;
ix = hx &
0x7fffffff;
iy = hy &
0x7fffffff;
/* x**0 = 1, even if x is NaN */
if iy ==
0 {
return 1.
0;
}
/* 1**y = 1, even if y is NaN */
if hx ==
0x3f800000 {
return 1.
0;
}
/* NaN if either arg is NaN */
if ix >
0x7f800000 || iy >
0x7f800000 {
return x + y;
}
/* determine if y is an odd int when x < 0
* yisint = 0 ... y is not an integer
* yisint = 1 ... y is an odd int
* yisint = 2 ... y is an even int
*/
yisint =
0;
if hx <
0 {
if iy >=
0x4b800000 {
yisint =
2;
/* even integer y */
}
else if iy >=
0x3f800000 {
k = (iy >>
23) -
0x7f;
/* exponent */
j = iy >> (
23 - k);
if (j << (
23 - k)) == iy {
yisint =
2 - (j &
1);
}
}
}
/* special value of y */
if iy ==
0x7f800000 {
/* y is +-inf */
if ix ==
0x3f800000 {
/* (-1)**+-inf is 1 */
return 1.
0;
}
else if ix >
0x3f800000 {
/* (|x|>1)**+-inf = inf,0 */
return if hy >=
0 {
y
}
else {
0.
0
};
}
else {
/* (|x|<1)**+-inf = 0,inf */
return if hy >=
0 {
0.
0
}
else {
-y
};
}
}
if iy ==
0x3f800000 {
/* y is +-1 */
return if hy >=
0 {
x
}
else {
1.
0 / x
};
}
if hy ==
0x40000000 {
/* y is 2 */
return x * x;
}
if hy ==
0x3f000000
/* y is 0.5 */
&& hx >=
0
{
/* x >= +0 */
return sqrtf(x);
}
ax = fabsf(x);
/* special value of x */
if ix ==
0x7f800000 || ix ==
0 || ix ==
0x3f800000 {
/* x is +-0,+-inf,+-1 */
z = ax;
if hy <
0 {
/* z = (1/|x|) */
z =
1.
0 / z;
}
if hx <
0 {
if ((ix -
0x3f800000) | yisint) ==
0 {
z = (z - z) / (z - z);
/* (-1)**non-int is NaN */
}
else if yisint ==
1 {
z = -z;
/* (x<0)**odd = -(|x|**odd) */
}
}
return z;
}
sn =
1.
0;
/* sign of result */
if hx <
0 {
if yisint ==
0 {
/* (x<0)**(non-int) is NaN */
return (x - x) / (x - x);
}
if yisint ==
1 {
/* (x<0)**(odd int) */
sn = -
1.
0;
}
}
/* |y| is HUGE */
if iy >
0x4d000000 {
/* if |y| > 2**27 */
/* over/underflow if x is not close to one */
if ix <
0x3f7ffff8 {
return if hy <
0 {
sn * HUGE * HUGE
}
else {
sn * TINY * TINY
};
}
if ix >
0x3f800007 {
return if hy >
0 {
sn * HUGE * HUGE
}
else {
sn * TINY * TINY
};
}
/* now |1-x| is TINY <= 2**-20, suffice to compute
log(x) by x-x^2/2+x^3/3-x^4/4 */
t = ax -
1.;
/* t has 20 trailing zeros */
w = (t * t) * (
0.
5 - t * (
0.
333333333333 - t *
0.
25));
u = IVLN2_H * t;
/* IVLN2_H has 16 sig. bits */
v = t * IVLN2_L - w * IVLN2;
t1 = u + v;
is = t1.to_bits()
as i32;
t1 = f32::from_bits(is
as u32 &
0xfffff000);
t2 = v - (t1 - u);
}
else {
let mut s2: f32;
let mut s_h: f32;
let s_l: f32;
let mut t_h: f32;
let mut t_l: f32;
n =
0;
/* take care subnormal number */
if ix <
0x00800000 {
ax *= TWO24;
n -=
24;
ix = ax.to_bits()
as i32;
}
n += ((ix) >>
23) -
0x7f;
j = ix &
0x007fffff;
/* determine interval */
ix = j |
0x3f800000;
/* normalize ix */
if j <=
0x1cc471 {
/* |x|<sqrt(3/2) */
k =
0;
}
else if j <
0x5db3d7 {
/* |x|<sqrt(3) */
k =
1;
}
else {
k =
0;
n +=
1;
ix -=
0x00800000;
}
ax = f32::from_bits(ix
as u32);
/* compute s = s_h+s_l = (x-1)/(x+1) or (x-1.5)/(x+1.5) */
u = ax - i!(BP, k
as usize);
/* bp[0]=1.0, bp[1]=1.5 */
v =
1.
0 / (ax + i!(BP, k
as usize));
s = u * v;
s_h = s;
is = s_h.to_bits()
as i32;
s_h = f32::from_bits(is
as u32 &
0xfffff000);
/* t_h=ax+bp[k] High */
is = (((ix
as u32 >>
1) &
0xfffff000) |
0x20000000)
as i32;
t_h = f32::from_bits(is
as u32 +
0x00400000 + ((k
as u32) <<
21));
t_l = ax - (t_h - i!(BP, k
as usize));
s_l = v * ((u - s_h * t_h) - s_h * t_l);
/* compute log(ax) */
s2 = s * s;
r = s2 * s2 * (L1 + s2 * (L2 + s2 * (L3 + s2 * (L4 + s2 * (L5 + s2 * L6)))));
r += s_l * (s_h + s);
s2 = s_h * s_h;
t_h =
3.
0 + s2 + r;
is = t_h.to_bits()
as i32;
t_h = f32::from_bits(is
as u32 &
0xfffff000);
t_l = r - ((t_h -
3.
0) - s2);
/* u+v = s*(1+...) */
u = s_h * t_h;
v = s_l * t_h + t_l * s;
/* 2/(3log2)*(s+...) */
p_h = u + v;
is = p_h.to_bits()
as i32;
p_h = f32::from_bits(is
as u32 &
0xfffff000);
p_l = v - (p_h - u);
z_h = CP_H * p_h;
/* cp_h+cp_l = 2/(3*log2) */
z_l = CP_L * p_h + p_l * CP + i!(DP_L, k
as usize);
/* log2(ax) = (s+..)*2/(3*log2) = n + dp_h + z_h + z_l */
t = n
as f32;
t1 = ((z_h + z_l) + i!(DP_H, k
as usize)) + t;
is = t1.to_bits()
as i32;
t1 = f32::from_bits(is
as u32 &
0xfffff000);
t2 = z_l - (((t1 - t) - i!(DP_H, k
as usize)) - z_h);
};
/* split up y into y1+y2 and compute (y1+y2)*(t1+t2) */
is = y.to_bits()
as i32;
y1 = f32::from_bits(is
as u32 &
0xfffff000);
p_l = (y - y1) * t1 + y * t2;
p_h = y1 * t1;
z = p_l + p_h;
j = z.to_bits()
as i32;
if j >
0x43000000 {
/* if z > 128 */
return sn * HUGE * HUGE;
/* overflow */
}
else if j ==
0x43000000 {
/* if z == 128 */
if p_l + OVT > z - p_h {
return sn * HUGE * HUGE;
/* overflow */
}
}
else if (j &
0x7fffffff) >
0x43160000 {
/* z < -150 */
// FIXME: check should be (uint32_t)j > 0xc3160000
return sn * TINY * TINY;
/* underflow */
}
else if j
as u32 ==
0xc3160000
/* z == -150 */
&& p_l <= z - p_h
{
return sn * TINY * TINY;
/* underflow */
}
/*
* compute 2**(p_h+p_l)
*/
i = j &
0x7fffffff;
k = (i >>
23) -
0x7f;
n =
0;
if i >
0x3f000000 {
/* if |z| > 0.5, set n = [z+0.5] */
n = j + (
0x00800000 >> (k +
1));
k = ((n &
0x7fffffff) >>
23) -
0x7f;
/* new k for n */
t = f32::from_bits(n
as u32 & !(
0x007fffff >> k));
n = ((n &
0x007fffff) |
0x00800000) >> (
23 - k);
if j <
0 {
n = -n;
}
p_h -= t;
}
t = p_l + p_h;
is = t.to_bits()
as i32;
t = f32::from_bits(is
as u32 &
0xffff8000);
u = t * LG2_H;
v = (p_l - (t - p_h)) * LG2 + t * LG2_L;
z = u + v;
w = v - (z - u);
t = z * z;
t1 = z - t * (P1 + t * (P2 + t * (P3 + t * (P4 + t * P5))));
r = (z * t1) / (t1 -
2.
0) - (w + z * w);
z =
1.
0 - (r - z);
j = z.to_bits()
as i32;
j += n <<
23;
if (j >>
23) <=
0 {
/* subnormal output */
z = scalbnf(z, n);
}
else {
z = f32::from_bits(j
as u32);
}
sn * z
}
/* origin: FreeBSD /usr/src/lib/msun/src/e_sqrtf.c */
/*
* Conversion to float by Ian Lance Taylor, Cygnus Support, ian@cygnus.com.
*/
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
pub fn sqrtf(x: f32) -> f32 {
#[cfg(target_feature =
"sse")]
{
// Note: This path is unlikely since LLVM will usually have already
// optimized sqrt calls into hardware instructions if sse is available,
// but if someone does end up here they'll apprected the speed increase.
#[cfg(target_arch =
"x86")]
use core::arch::x86::*;
#[cfg(target_arch =
"x86_64")]
use core::arch::x86_64::*;
// SAFETY: safe, since `_mm_set_ss` takes a 32-bit float, and returns
// a 128-bit type with the lowest 32-bits as `x`, `_mm_sqrt_ss` calculates
// the sqrt of this 128-bit vector, and `_mm_cvtss_f32` extracts the lower
// 32-bits as a 32-bit float.
unsafe {
let m = _mm_set_ss(x);
let m_sqrt = _mm_sqrt_ss(m);
_mm_cvtss_f32(m_sqrt)
}
}
#[cfg(not(target_feature =
"sse"))]
{
const TINY: f32 =
1.
0e-
30;
let mut z: f32;
let sign: i32 =
0x80000000u32
as i32;
let mut ix: i32;
let mut s: i32;
let mut q: i32;
let mut m: i32;
let mut t: i32;
let mut i: i32;
let mut r: u32;
ix = x.to_bits()
as i32;
/* take care of Inf and NaN */
if (ix
as u32 &
0x7f800000) ==
0x7f800000 {
return x * x + x;
/* sqrt(NaN)=NaN, sqrt(+inf)=+inf, sqrt(-inf)=sNaN */
}
/* take care of zero */
if ix <=
0 {
if (ix & !sign) ==
0 {
return x;
/* sqrt(+-0) = +-0 */
}
if ix <
0 {
return (x - x) / (x - x);
/* sqrt(-ve) = sNaN */
}
}
/* normalize x */
m = ix >>
23;
if m ==
0 {
/* subnormal x */
i =
0;
while ix &
0x00800000 ==
0 {
ix <<=
1;
i = i +
1;
}
m -= i -
1;
}
m -=
127;
/* unbias exponent */
ix = (ix &
0x007fffff) |
0x00800000;
if m &
1 ==
1 {
/* odd m, double x to make it even */
ix += ix;
}
m >>=
1;
/* m = [m/2] */
/* generate sqrt(x) bit by bit */
ix += ix;
q =
0;
s =
0;
r =
0x01000000;
/* r = moving bit from right to left */
while r !=
0 {
t = s + r
as i32;
if t <= ix {
s = t + r
as i32;
ix -= t;
q += r
as i32;
}
ix += ix;
r >>=
1;
}
/* use floating add to find out rounding direction */
if ix !=
0 {
z =
1.
0 - TINY;
/* raise inexact flag */
if z >=
1.
0 {
z =
1.
0 + TINY;
if z >
1.
0 {
q +=
2;
}
else {
q += q &
1;
}
}
}
ix = (q >>
1) +
0x3f000000;
ix += m <<
23;
f32::from_bits(ix
as u32)
}
}
/// Absolute value (magnitude) (f32)
/// Calculates the absolute value (magnitude) of the argument `x`,
/// by direct manipulation of the bit representation of `x`.
pub fn fabsf(x: f32) -> f32 {
f32::from_bits(x.to_bits() &
0x7fffffff)
}
pub fn scalbnf(
mut x: f32,
mut n: i32) -> f32 {
let x1p127 = f32::from_bits(
0x7f000000);
// 0x1p127f === 2 ^ 127
let x1p_126 = f32::from_bits(
0x800000);
// 0x1p-126f === 2 ^ -126
let x1p24 = f32::from_bits(
0x4b800000);
// 0x1p24f === 2 ^ 24
if n >
127 {
x *= x1p127;
n -=
127;
if n >
127 {
x *= x1p127;
n -=
127;
if n >
127 {
n =
127;
}
}
}
else if n < -
126 {
x *= x1p_126 * x1p24;
n +=
126 -
24;
if n < -
126 {
x *= x1p_126 * x1p24;
n +=
126 -
24;
if n < -
126 {
n = -
126;
}
}
}
x * f32::from_bits(((
0x7f + n)
as u32) <<
23)
}
/* origin: FreeBSD /usr/src/lib/msun/src/e_pow.c */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 2004 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
// pow(x,y) return x**y
//
// n
// Method: Let x = 2 * (1+f)
// 1. Compute and return log2(x) in two pieces:
// log2(x) = w1 + w2,
// where w1 has 53-24 = 29 bit trailing zeros.
// 2. Perform y*log2(x) = n+y' by simulating muti-precision
// arithmetic, where |y'|<=0.5.
// 3. Return x**y = 2**n*exp(y'*log2)
//
// Special cases:
// 1. (anything) ** 0 is 1
// 2. 1 ** (anything) is 1
// 3. (anything except 1) ** NAN is NAN
// 4. NAN ** (anything except 0) is NAN
// 5. +-(|x| > 1) ** +INF is +INF
// 6. +-(|x| > 1) ** -INF is +0
// 7. +-(|x| < 1) ** +INF is +0
// 8. +-(|x| < 1) ** -INF is +INF
// 9. -1 ** +-INF is 1
// 10. +0 ** (+anything except 0, NAN) is +0
// 11. -0 ** (+anything except 0, NAN, odd integer) is +0
// 12. +0 ** (-anything except 0, NAN) is +INF, raise divbyzero
// 13. -0 ** (-anything except 0, NAN, odd integer) is +INF, raise divbyzero
// 14. -0 ** (+odd integer) is -0
// 15. -0 ** (-odd integer) is -INF, raise divbyzero
// 16. +INF ** (+anything except 0,NAN) is +INF
// 17. +INF ** (-anything except 0,NAN) is +0
// 18. -INF ** (+odd integer) is -INF
// 19. -INF ** (anything) = -0 ** (-anything), (anything except odd integer)
// 20. (anything) ** 1 is (anything)
// 21. (anything) ** -1 is 1/(anything)
// 22. (-anything) ** (integer) is (-1)**(integer)*(+anything**integer)
// 23. (-anything except 0 and inf) ** (non-integer) is NAN
//
// Accuracy:
// pow(x,y) returns x**y nearly rounded. In particular
// pow(integer,integer)
// always returns the correct integer provided it is
// representable.
//
// Constants :
// The hexadecimal values are the intended ones for the following
// constants. The decimal values may be used, provided that the
// compiler will convert from decimal to binary accurately enough
// to produce the hexadecimal values shown.
pub fn powd(x: f64, y: f64) -> f64 {
const BP: [f64;
2] = [
1.
0,
1.
5];
const DP_H: [f64;
2] = [
0.
0,
5.
84962487220764160156e-
01];
/* 0x3fe2b803_40000000 */
const DP_L: [f64;
2] = [
0.
0,
1.
35003920212974897128e-
08];
/* 0x3E4CFDEB, 0x43CFD006 */
const TWO53: f64 =
9007199254740992.
0;
/* 0x43400000_00000000 */
const HUGE: f64 =
1.
0e300;
const TINY: f64 =
1.
0e-
300;
// poly coefs for (3/2)*(log(x)-2s-2/3*s**3:
const L1: f64 =
5.
99999999999994648725e-
01;
/* 0x3fe33333_33333303 */
const L2: f64 =
4.
28571428578550184252e-
01;
/* 0x3fdb6db6_db6fabff */
const L3: f64 =
3.
33333329818377432918e-
01;
/* 0x3fd55555_518f264d */
const L4: f64 =
2.
72728123808534006489e-
01;
/* 0x3fd17460_a91d4101 */
const L5: f64 =
2.
30660745775561754067e-
01;
/* 0x3fcd864a_93c9db65 */
const L6: f64 =
2.
06975017800338417784e-
01;
/* 0x3fca7e28_4a454eef */
const P1: f64 =
1.
66666666666666019037e-
01;
/* 0x3fc55555_5555553e */
const P2: f64 = -
2.
77777777770155933842e-
03;
/* 0xbf66c16c_16bebd93 */
const P3: f64 =
6.
61375632143793436117e-
05;
/* 0x3f11566a_af25de2c */
const P4: f64 = -
1.
65339022054652515390e-
06;
/* 0xbebbbd41_c5d26bf1 */
const P5: f64 =
4.
13813679705723846039e-
08;
/* 0x3e663769_72bea4d0 */
const LG2: f64 =
6.
93147180559945286227e-
01;
/* 0x3fe62e42_fefa39ef */
const LG2_H: f64 =
6.
93147182464599609375e-
01;
/* 0x3fe62e43_00000000 */
const LG2_L: f64 = -
1.
90465429995776804525e-
09;
/* 0xbe205c61_0ca86c39 */
const OVT: f64 =
8.
0085662595372944372e-
017;
/* -(1024-log2(ovfl+.5ulp)) */
const CP: f64 =
9.
61796693925975554329e-
01;
/* 0x3feec709_dc3a03fd =2/(3ln2) */
const CP_H: f64 =
9.
61796700954437255859e-
01;
/* 0x3feec709_e0000000 =(float)cp */
const CP_L: f64 = -
7.
02846165095275826516e-
09;
/* 0xbe3e2fe0_145b01f5 =tail of cp_h*/
const IVLN2: f64 =
1.
44269504088896338700e+
00;
/* 0x3ff71547_652b82fe =1/ln2 */
const IVLN2_H: f64 =
1.
44269502162933349609e+
00;
/* 0x3ff71547_60000000 =24b 1/ln2*/
const IVLN2_L: f64 =
1.
92596299112661746887e-
08;
/* 0x3e54ae0b_f85ddf44 =1/ln2 tail*/
let t1: f64;
let t2: f64;
let (hx, lx): (i32, u32) = ((x.to_bits() >>
32)
as i32, x.to_bits()
as u32);
let (hy, ly): (i32, u32) = ((y.to_bits() >>
32)
as i32, y.to_bits()
as u32);
let mut ix: i32 = (hx &
0x7fffffff) as i32;
let iy: i32 = (hy &
0x7fffffff) as i32;
/* x**
0 =
1, even if x is NaN */
if ((iy as u32) | ly) ==
0 {
return
1.
0;
}
/*
1**y =
1, even if y is NaN */
if hx ==
0x3ff00000 && lx ==
0 {
return
1.
0;
}
/* NaN if either arg is NaN */
if ix >
0x7ff00000
|| (ix ==
0x7ff00000 && lx !=
0)
|| iy >
0x7ff00000
|| (iy ==
0x7ff00000 && ly !=
0)
{
return x + y;
}
/* determine if y is an odd int when x <
0
* yisint =
0 ... y is not an integer
* yisint =
1 ... y is an odd int
* yisint =
2 ... y is an even int
*/
let mut yisint: i32 =
0;
let mut k: i32;
let mut j: i32;
if hx <
0 {
if iy >=
0x43400000 {
yisint =
2; /* even integer y */
} else if iy >=
0x3ff00000 {
k = (iy >>
20) -
0x3ff; /* exponent */
if k >
20 {
j = (ly >> (
52 - k)) as i32;
if (j << (
52 - k)) == (ly as i32) {
yisint =
2 - (j &
1);
}
} else if ly ==
0 {
j = iy >> (
20 - k);
if (j << (
20 - k)) == iy {
yisint =
2 - (j &
1);
}
}
}
}
if ly ==
0 {
/* special value of y */
if iy ==
0x7ff00000 {
/* y is +-inf */
return if ((ix -
0x3ff00000) | (lx as i32)) ==
0 {
/* (-
1)**+-inf is
1 */
1.
0
} else if ix >=
0x3ff00000 {
/* (|x|>
1)**+-inf = inf,
0 */
if hy >=
0 {
y
} else {
0.
0
}
} else {
/* (|x|<
1)**+-inf =
0,inf */
if hy >=
0 {
0.
0
} else {
-y
}
};
}
if iy ==
0x3ff00000 {
/* y is +-
1 */
return if hy >=
0 {
x
} else {
1.
0 / x
};
}
if hy ==
0x40000000 {
/* y is
2 */
return x * x;
}
if hy ==
0x3fe00000 {
/* y is
0.
5 */
if hx >=
0 {
/* x >= +
0 */
return sqrtd(x);
}
}
}
let mut ax: f64 = fabsd(x);
if lx ==
0 {
/* special value of x */
if ix ==
0x7ff00000 || ix ==
0 || ix ==
0x3ff00000 {
/* x is +-
0,+-inf,+-
1 */
let mut z: f64 = ax;
if hy <
0 {
/* z = (
1/|x|) */
z =
1.
0 / z;
}
if hx <
0 {
if ((ix -
0x3ff00000) | yisint) ==
0 {
z = (z - z) / (z - z); /* (-
1)**non-int is NaN */
} else if yisint ==
1 {
z = -z; /* (x<
0)**odd = -(|x|**odd) */
}
}
return z;
}
}
let mut
s: f64 =
1.
0; /* sign of result */
if hx <
0 {
if yisint ==
0 {
/* (x<
0)**(non-int) is NaN */
return (x - x) / (x - x);
}
if yisint ==
1 {
/* (x<
0)**(odd int) */
s = -
1.
0;
}
}
/* |y| is HUGE */
if iy >
0x41e00000 {
/* if |y| >
2**
31 */
if iy >
0x43f00000 {
/* if |y| >
2**
64, must o/uflow */
if ix <=
0x3fefffff {
return if hy <
0 {
HUGE * HUGE
} else {
TINY * TINY
};
}
if ix >=
0x3ff00000 {
return if hy >
0 {
HUGE * HUGE
} else {
TINY * TINY
};
}
}
/* over/underflow if x is not close to one */
if ix <
0x3fefffff {
return if hy <
0 {
s * HUGE * HUGE
} else {
s * TINY * TINY
};
}
if ix >
0x3ff00000 {
return if hy >
0 {
s * HUGE * HUGE
} else {
s * TINY * TINY
};
}
/* now |
1-x| is TINY <=
2**-
20, suffice to compute
log(x) by x-x^
2/
2+x^
3/
3-x^
4/
4 */
let t: f64 = ax -
1.
0; /* t has
20 trailing zeros */
let w: f64 = (t * t) * (
0.
5 - t * (
0.
3333333333333333333333 - t *
0.
25));
let
u: f64 = IVLN2_H * t; /* ivln2_h has
21 sig. bits */
let v: f64 = t * IVLN2_L - w * IVLN2;
t1 = with_set_low_word(
u + v,
0);
t2 = v - (t1 -
u);
} else {
// double ss,s2,s_h,s_l,t_h,t_l;
let mut n: i32 =
0;
if ix <
0x00100000 {
/* take care subnormal number */
ax *= TWO53;
n -=
53;
ix = get_high_word(ax) as i32;
}
n += (ix >>
20) -
0x3ff;
j = ix &
0x000fffff;
/* determine interval */
let k: i32;
ix = j |
0x3ff00000; /* normalize ix */
if j <=
0x3988E {
/* |x|<sqrt(
3/
2) */
k =
0;
} else if j <
0xBB67A {
/* |x|<sqrt(
3) */
k =
1;
} else {
k =
0;
n +=
1;
ix -=
0x00100000;
}
ax = with_set_high_word(ax, ix as u32);
/* compute ss = s_h+s_l = (x-
1)/(x+
1) or (x-
1.
5)/(x+
1.
5) */
let
u: f64 = ax -
i!(BP, k as usize); /* bp[
0]=
1.
0, bp[
1]=
1.
5 */
let v: f64 =
1.
0 / (ax +
i!(BP, k as usize));
let ss: f64 =
u * v;
let s_h = with_set_low_word(ss,
0);
/* t_h=ax+bp[k] High */
let t_h: f64 = with_set_high_word(
0.
0,
((ix as u32 >>
1) |
0x20000000) +
0x00080000 + ((k as u32) <<
18),
);
let t_l: f64 = ax - (t_h -
i!(BP, k as usize));
let s_l: f64 = v * ((
u - s_h * t_h) - s_h * t_l);
/* compute log(ax) */
let s2: f64 = ss * ss;
let mut r: f64 = s2 * s2 * (L1 + s2 * (L2 + s2 * (L3 + s2 * (L4 + s2 * (L5 + s2 * L6)))));
r += s_l * (s_h + ss);
let s2: f64 = s_h * s_h;
let t_h: f64 = with_set_low_word(
3.
0 + s2 + r,
0);
let t_l: f64 = r - ((t_h -
3.
0) - s2);
/*
u+v = ss*(
1+...) */
let
u: f64 = s_h * t_h;
let v: f64 = s_l * t_h + t_l * ss;
/*
2/(
3log2)*(ss+...) */
let p_h: f64 = with_set_low_word(
u + v,
0);
let p_l = v - (p_h -
u);
let z_h: f64 = CP_H * p_h; /* cp_h+cp_l =
2/(
3*log2) */
let z_l: f64 = CP_L * p_h + p_l * CP +
i!(DP_L, k as usize);
/* log2(ax) = (ss+..)*
2/(
3*log2) = n + dp_h + z_h + z_l */
let t: f64 = n as f64;
t1 = with_set_low_word(((z_h + z_l) +
i!(DP_H, k as usize)) + t,
0);
t2 = z_l - (((t1 - t) -
i!(DP_H, k as usize)) - z_h);
}
/* split up y into y1+y2 and compute (y1+y2)*(t1+t2) */
let y1: f64 = with_set_low_word(y,
0);
let p_l: f64 = (y - y1) * t1 + y * t2;
let mut p_h: f64 = y1 * t1;
let z: f64 = p_l + p_h;
let mut j: i32 = (z.to_bits() >>
32) as i32;
let
i: i32 = z.to_bits() as i32;
// let (j,
i): (i32, i32) = ((z.to_bits() >>
32) as i32, z.to_bits() as i32);
if j >=
0x40900000 {
/* z >=
1024 */
if (j -
0x40900000) |
i !=
0 {
/* if z >
1024 */
return
s * HUGE * HUGE; /* overflow */
}
if p_l + OVT > z - p_h {
return
s * HUGE * HUGE; /* overflow */
}
} else if (j &
0x7fffffff) >=
0x4090cc00 {
/* z <= -
1075 */
// FIXME: instead of abs(j) use unsigned j
if (((j as u32) -
0xc090cc00) | (
i as u32)) !=
0 {
/* z < -
1075 */
return
s * TINY * TINY; /* underflow */
}
if p_l <= z - p_h {
return
s * TINY * TINY; /* underflow */
}
}
/* compute
2**(p_h+p_l) */
let
i: i32 = j & (
0x7fffffff as i32);
k = (
i >>
20) -
0x3ff;
let mut n: i32 =
0;
if
i >
0x3fe00000 {
/* if |z| >
0.
5, set n = [z+
0.
5] */
n = j + (
0x00100000 >> (k +
1));
k = ((n &
0x7fffffff) >>
20) -
0x3ff; /* new k for n */
let t: f64 = with_set_high_word(
0.
0, (n & !(
0x000fffff >> k)) as u32);
n = ((n &
0x000fffff) |
0x00100000) >> (
20 - k);
if j <
0 {
n = -n;
}
p_h -= t;
}
let t: f64 = with_set_low_word(p_l + p_h,
0);
let
u: f64 = t * LG2_H;
let v: f64 = (p_l - (t - p_h)) * LG2 + t * LG2_L;
let mut z: f64 =
u + v;
let w: f64 = v - (z -
u);
let t: f64 = z * z;
let t1: f64 = z - t * (P1 + t * (P2 + t * (P3 + t * (P4 + t * P5))));
let r: f64 = (z * t1) / (t1 -
2.
0) - (w + z * w);
z =
1.
0 - (r - z);
j = get_high_word(z) as i32;
j += n <<
20;
if (j >>
20) <=
0 {
/* subnormal
output */
z = scalbnd(z, n);
} else {
z = with_set_high_word(z, j as u32);
}
s * z
}
/// Absolute value (magnitude) (f64)
/// Calculates the absolute value (magnitude) of the argument `x`,
/// by direct manipulation of the bit representation of `x`.
pub fn fabsd(x: f64) -> f64 {
f64::from_bits(x.to_bits() & (u64::MAX /
2))
}
pub fn scalbnd(x: f64, mut n: i32) -> f64 {
let x1p1023 = f64::from_bits(
0x7fe0000000000000); //
0x1p1023 ===
2 ^
1023
let x1p53 = f64::from_bits(
0x4340000000000000); //
0x1p53 ===
2 ^
53
let x1p_1022 = f64::from_bits(
0x0010000000000000); //
0x1p-
1022 ===
2 ^ (-
1022)
let mut y = x;
if n >
1023 {
y *= x1p1023;
n -=
1023;
if n >
1023 {
y *= x1p1023;
n -=
1023;
if n >
1023 {
n =
1023;
}
}
} else if n < -
1022 {
/* make sure final n < -
53 to avoid double
rounding in the subnormal range */
y *= x1p_1022 * x1p53;
n +=
1022 -
53;
if n < -
1022 {
y *= x1p_1022 * x1p53;
n +=
1022 -
53;
if n < -
1022 {
n = -
1022;
}
}
}
y * f64::from_bits(((
0x3ff + n) as u64) <<
52)
}
/* origin: FreeBSD /usr/src/lib/msun/src/e_sqrt.c */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C)
1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft,
a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/* sqrt(x)
* Return correctly rounded sqrt.
* ------------------------------------------
* | Use the hardware sqrt if you have one |
* ------------------------------------------
* Method:
* Bit by bit method using integer arithmetic. (Slow, but portable)
*
1. Normalization
* Scale x to y in [
1,
4) with even powers of
2:
* find an integer k such that
1 <= (y=x*
2^(
2k)) <
4, then
* sqrt(x) =
2^k * sqrt(y)
*
2. Bit by bit computation
* Let
q = sqrt(y) truncated to
i bit after binary point (
q =
1),
*
i 0
*
i+
1 2
*
s =
2*
q , and y =
2 * ( y -
q ). (
1)
*
i i i i
*
* To compute
q from
q , one checks whether
*
i+
1 i
*
* -(
i+
1)
2
* (
q +
2 ) <= y. (
2)
*
i
* -(
i+
1)
* If (
2) is false, then
q =
q ; otherwise
q =
q +
2 .
*
i+
1 i i+
1 i
*
* With some algebraic manipulation, it is not difficult to see
* that (
2) is equivalent to
* -(
i+
1)
*
s +
2 <= y (
3)
*
i i
*
* The advantage of (
3) is that
s and y can be computed by
*
i i
* the following recurrence formula:
* if (
3) is false
*
*
s =
s , y = y ; (
4)
*
i+
1 i i+
1 i
*
* otherwise,
* -
i -(
i+
1)
*
s =
s +
2 , y = y -
s -
2 (
5)
*
i+
1 i i+
1 i i
*
* One may easily use induction to prove (
4) and (
5).
* Note. Since the left hand side of (
3) contain only
i+
2 bits,
* it does not necessary to do
a full (
53-bit) comparison
* in (
3).
*
3. Final rounding
* After generating the
53 bits result, we compute one more bit.
* Together with the remainder, we can decide whether the
* result is exact, bigger than
1/
2ulp, or less than
1/
2ulp
* (it will never equal to
1/
2ulp).
* The rounding mode can be detected by checking whether
* huge + tiny is equal to huge, and whether huge - tiny is
* equal to huge for some floating point number
"huge" and
"tiny".
*
* Special cases:
* sqrt(+-
0) = +-
0 ... exact
* sqrt(inf) = inf
* sqrt(-ve) = NaN ... with invalid signal
* sqrt(NaN) = NaN ... with invalid signal for signaling NaN
*/
pub fn sqrtd(x: f64) -> f64 {
#[cfg(target_feature =
"sse2")]
{
// Note: This path is unlikely since LLVM will usually have already
// optimized sqrt calls into hardware instructions if sse2 is available,
// but if someone does end up here they
'll apprected the speed increase.
#[cfg(target_arch =
"x86")]
use core::arch::x86::*;
#[cfg(target_arch =
"x86_64")]
use core::arch::x86_64::*;
// SAFETY: safe, since `_mm_set_sd` takes
a 64-bit float, and returns
//
a 128-bit type with the lowest
64-bits as `x`, `_mm_sqrt_ss` calculates
// the sqrt of this
128-bit vector, and `_mm_cvtss_f64` extracts the lower
//
64-bits as
a 64-bit float.
unsafe {
let m = _mm_set_sd(x);
let m_sqrt = _mm_sqrt_pd(m);
_mm_cvtsd_f64(m_sqrt)
}
}
#[cfg(not(target_feature =
"sse2"))]
{
use core::num::Wrapping;
const TINY: f64 =
1.
0e-
300;
let mut z: f64;
let sign: Wrapping<u32> = Wrapping(
0x80000000);
let mut ix0: i32;
let mut s0: i32;
let mut
q: i32;
let mut m: i32;
let mut t: i32;
let mut
i: i32;
let mut r: Wrapping<u32>;
let mut t1: Wrapping<u32>;
let mut s1: Wrapping<u32>;
let mut ix1: Wrapping<u32>;
let mut q1: Wrapping<u32>;
ix0 = (x.to_bits() >>
32) as i32;
ix1 = Wrapping(x.to_bits() as u32);
/* take care of Inf and NaN */
if (ix0 &
0x7ff00000) ==
0x7ff00000 {
return x * x + x; /* sqrt(NaN)=NaN, sqrt(+inf)=+inf, sqrt(-inf)=sNaN */
}
/* take care of zero */
if ix0 <=
0 {
if ((ix0 & !(sign.
0 as i32)) | ix1.
0 as i32) ==
0 {
return x; /* sqrt(+-
0) = +-
0 */
}
if ix0 <
0 {
return (x - x) / (x - x); /* sqrt(-ve) = sNaN */
}
}
/* normalize x */
m = ix0 >>
20;
if m ==
0 {
/* subnormal x */
while ix0 ==
0 {
m -=
21;
ix0 |= (ix1 >>
11).
0 as i32;
ix1 <<=
21;
}
i =
0;
while (ix0 &
0x00100000) ==
0 {
i +=
1;
ix0 <<=
1;
}
m -=
i -
1;
ix0 |= (ix1 >> (
32 -
i) as usize).
0 as i32;
ix1 = ix1 <<
i as usize;
}
m -=
1023; /* unbias exponent */
ix0 = (ix0 &
0x000fffff) |
0x00100000;
if (m &
1) ==
1 {
/* odd m, double x to make it even */
ix0 += ix0 + ((ix1 & sign) >>
31).
0 as i32;
ix1 += ix1;
}
m >>=
1; /* m = [m/
2] */
/* generate sqrt(x) bit by bit */
ix0 += ix0 + ((ix1 & sign) >>
31).
0 as i32;
ix1 += ix1;
q =
0; /* [
q,q1] = sqrt(x) */
q1 = Wrapping(
0);
s0 =
0;
s1 = Wrapping(
0);
r = Wrapping(
0x00200000); /* r = moving bit from right to left */
while r != Wrapping(
0) {
t = s0 + r.
0 as i32;
if t <= ix0 {
s0 = t + r.
0 as i32;
ix0 -= t;
q += r.
0 as i32;
}
ix0 += ix0 + ((ix1 & sign) >>
31).
0 as i32;
ix1 += ix1;
r >>=
1;
}
r = sign;
while r != Wrapping(
0) {
t1 = s1 + r;
t = s0;
if t < ix0 || (t == ix0 && t1 <= ix1) {
s1 = t1 + r;
if (t1 & sign) == sign && (s1 & sign) == Wrapping(
0) {
s0 +=
1;
}
ix0 -= t;
if ix1 < t1 {
ix0 -=
1;
}
ix1 -= t1;
q1 += r;
}
ix0 += ix0 + ((ix1 & sign) >>
31).
0 as i32;
ix1 += ix1;
r >>=
1;
}
/* use floating add to find out rounding direction */
if (ix0 as u32 | ix1.
0) !=
0 {
z =
1.
0 - TINY; /* raise inexact flag */
if z >=
1.
0 {
z =
1.
0 + TINY;
if q1.
0 ==
0xffffffff {
q1 = Wrapping(
0);
q +=
1;
} else if z >
1.
0 {
if q1.
0 ==
0xfffffffe {
q +=
1;
}
q1 += Wrapping(
2);
} else {
q1 += q1 & Wrapping(
1);
}
}
}
ix0 = (
q >>
1) +
0x3fe00000;
ix1 = q1 >>
1;
if (
q &
1) ==
1 {
ix1 |= sign;
}
ix0 += m <<
20;
f64::from_bits((ix0 as u64) <<
32 | ix1.
0 as u64)
}
}
#[inline]
fn get_high_word(x: f64) -> u32 {
(x.to_bits() >>
32) as u32
}
#[inline]
fn with_set_high_word(f: f64, hi: u32) -> f64 {
let mut tmp = f.to_bits();
tmp &=
0x00000000_ffffffff;
tmp |= (hi as u64) <<
32;
f64::from_bits(tmp)
}
#[inline]
fn with_set_low_word(f: f64, lo: u32) -> f64 {
let mut tmp = f.to_bits();
tmp &=
0xffffffff_00000000;
tmp |= lo as u64;
f64::from_bits(tmp)
}