// Copyright 2018 Developers of the Rand project. // Copyright 2013-2017 The Rust Project Developers. // // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or // https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license // <LICENSE-MIT or https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your // option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed // except according to those terms.
//! Distribution trait and associates
usecrate::Rng; use core::iter; #[cfg(feature = "alloc")] use alloc::string::String;
/// Types (distributions) that can be used to create a random instance of `T`. /// /// It is possible to sample from a distribution through both the /// `Distribution` and [`Rng`] traits, via `distr.sample(&mut rng)` and /// `rng.sample(distr)`. They also both offer the [`sample_iter`] method, which /// produces an iterator that samples from the distribution. /// /// All implementations are expected to be immutable; this has the significant /// advantage of not needing to consider thread safety, and for most /// distributions efficient state-less sampling algorithms are available. /// /// Implementations are typically expected to be portable with reproducible /// results when used with a PRNG with fixed seed; see the /// [portability chapter](https://rust-random.github.io/book/portability.html) /// of The Rust Rand Book. In some cases this does not apply, e.g. the `usize` /// type requires different sampling on 32-bit and 64-bit machines. /// /// [`sample_iter`]: Distribution::sample_iter pubtrait Distribution<T> { /// Generate a random value of `T`, using `rng` as the source of randomness. fn sample<R: Rng + ?Sized>(&self, rng: &mut R) -> T;
/// Create an iterator that generates random values of `T`, using `rng` as /// the source of randomness. /// /// Note that this function takes `self` by value. This works since /// `Distribution<T>` is impl'd for `&D` where `D: Distribution<T>`, /// however borrowing is not automatic hence `distr.sample_iter(...)` may /// need to be replaced with `(&distr).sample_iter(...)` to borrow or /// `(&*distr).sample_iter(...)` to reborrow an existing reference. /// /// # Example /// /// ``` /// use rand::thread_rng; /// use rand::distributions::{Distribution, Alphanumeric, Uniform, Standard}; /// /// let mut rng = thread_rng(); /// /// // Vec of 16 x f32: /// let v: Vec<f32> = Standard.sample_iter(&mut rng).take(16).collect(); /// /// // String: /// let s: String = Alphanumeric /// .sample_iter(&mut rng) /// .take(7) /// .map(char::from) /// .collect(); /// /// // Dice-rolling: /// let die_range = Uniform::new_inclusive(1, 6); /// let mut roll_die = die_range.sample_iter(&mut rng); /// while roll_die.next().unwrap() != 6 { /// println!("Not a 6; rolling again!"); /// } /// ``` fn sample_iter<R>(self, rng: R) -> DistIter<Self, R, T> where
R: Rng, Self: Sized,
{
DistIter {
distr: self,
rng,
phantom: ::core::marker::PhantomData,
}
}
/// Create a distribution of values of 'S' by mapping the output of `Self` /// through the closure `F` /// /// # Example /// /// ``` /// use rand::thread_rng; /// use rand::distributions::{Distribution, Uniform}; /// /// let mut rng = thread_rng(); /// /// let die = Uniform::new_inclusive(1, 6); /// let even_number = die.map(|num| num % 2 == 0); /// while !even_number.sample(&mut rng) { /// println!("Still odd; rolling again!"); /// } /// ``` fn map<F, S>(self, func: F) -> DistMap<Self, F, T, S> where
F: Fn(T) -> S, Self: Sized,
{
DistMap {
distr: self,
func,
phantom: ::core::marker::PhantomData,
}
}
}
impl<'a, T, D: Distribution<T>> Distribution<T> for &'a D { fn sample<R: Rng + ?Sized>(&self, rng: &mut R) -> T {
(*self).sample(rng)
}
}
/// An iterator that generates random values of `T` with distribution `D`, /// using `R` as the source of randomness. /// /// This `struct` is created by the [`sample_iter`] method on [`Distribution`]. /// See its documentation for more. /// /// [`sample_iter`]: Distribution::sample_iter #[derive(Debug)] pubstruct DistIter<D, R, T> {
distr: D,
rng: R,
phantom: ::core::marker::PhantomData<T>,
}
impl<D, R, T> Iterator for DistIter<D, R, T> where
D: Distribution<T>,
R: Rng,
{ type Item = T;
#[inline(always)] fn next(&mutself) -> Option<T> { // Here, self.rng may be a reference, but we must take &mut anyway. // Even if sample could take an R: Rng by value, we would need to do this // since Rng is not copyable and we cannot enforce that this is "reborrowable".
Some(self.distr.sample(&mutself.rng))
}
impl<D, R, T> iter::FusedIterator for DistIter<D, R, T> where
D: Distribution<T>,
R: Rng,
{
}
#[cfg(features = "nightly")] impl<D, R, T> iter::TrustedLen for DistIter<D, R, T> where
D: Distribution<T>,
R: Rng,
{
}
/// A distribution of values of type `S` derived from the distribution `D` /// by mapping its output of type `T` through the closure `F`. /// /// This `struct` is created by the [`Distribution::map`] method. /// See its documentation for more. #[derive(Debug)] pubstruct DistMap<D, F, T, S> {
distr: D,
func: F,
phantom: ::core::marker::PhantomData<fn(T) -> S>,
}
/// `String` sampler /// /// Sampling a `String` of random characters is not quite the same as collecting /// a sequence of chars. This trait contains some helpers. #[cfg(feature = "alloc")] pubtrait DistString { /// Append `len` random chars to `string` fn append_string<R: Rng + ?Sized>(&self, rng: &mut R, string: &mut String, len: usize);
/// Generate a `String` of `len` random chars #[inline] fn sample_string<R: Rng + ?Sized>(&self, rng: &mut R, len: usize) -> String { letmut s = String::new(); self.append_string(rng, &mut s, len);
s
}
}
#[cfg(test)] mod tests { usecrate::distributions::{Distribution, Uniform}; usecrate::Rng;
#[test] fn test_distributions_iter() { usecrate::distributions::Open01; letmut rng = crate::test::rng(210); let distr = Open01; letmut iter = Distribution::<f32>::sample_iter(distr, &mut rng); letmut sum: f32 = 0.; for _ in0..100 {
sum += iter.next().unwrap();
}
assert!(0. < sum && sum < 100.);
}
#[test] fn test_distributions_map() { let dist = Uniform::new_inclusive(0, 5).map(|val| val + 15);
letmut rng = crate::test::rng(212); let val = dist.sample(&mut rng);
assert!((15..=20).contains(&val));
}
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