//! Utilities for working with `/proc`, where Linux's `procfs` is typically //! mounted. //! //! `/proc` serves as an adjunct to Linux's main syscall surface area, //! providing additional features with an awkward interface. //! //! This module does a considerable amount of work to determine whether `/proc` //! is mounted, with actual `procfs`, and without any additional mount points //! on top of the paths we open. //! //! Why all the effort to detect bind mount points? People are doing all kinds //! of things with Linux containers these days, with many different privilege //! schemes, and we want to avoid making any unnecessary assumptions. Rustix //! and its users will sometimes use procfs *implicitly* (when Linux gives them //! no better options), in ways that aren't obvious from their public APIs. //! These filesystem accesses might not be visible to someone auditing the main //! code of an application for places which may be influenced by the filesystem //! namespace. So with the checking here, they may fail, but they won't be able //! to succeed with bogus results.
/// Linux's procfs always uses inode 1 for its root directory. const PROC_ROOT_INO: u64 = 1;
// Identify an entry within "/proc", to determine which anomalies to check for. #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)] enum Kind {
Proc,
Pid,
Fd,
File,
Symlink,
}
/// Check a subdirectory of "/proc" for anomalies. fn check_proc_entry(
kind: Kind,
entry: BorrowedFd<'_>,
proc_stat: Option<&Stat>,
) -> io::Result<Stat> { let entry_stat = fstat(entry)?;
check_proc_entry_with_stat(kind, entry, entry_stat, proc_stat)
}
/// Check a subdirectory of "/proc" for anomalies, using the provided `Stat`. fn check_proc_entry_with_stat(
kind: Kind,
entry: BorrowedFd<'_>,
entry_stat: Stat,
proc_stat: Option<&Stat>,
) -> io::Result<Stat> { // Check the filesystem magic.
check_procfs(entry)?;
// "/proc" directories are typically mounted r-xr-xr-x. // "/proc/self/fd" is r-x------. Allow them to have fewer permissions, but // not more. match kind {
Kind::Symlink => { // On Linux, symlinks don't have their own permissions.
}
_ => { let expected_mode = iflet Kind::Fd = kind { 0o500 } else { 0o555 }; if entry_stat.st_mode & 0o777 & !expected_mode != 0 { return Err(io::Errno::NOTSUP);
}
}
}
match kind {
Kind::Fd => { // Check that the "/proc/self/fd" directory doesn't have any // extraneous links into it (which might include unexpected // subdirectories). if entry_stat.st_nlink != 2 { return Err(io::Errno::NOTSUP);
}
}
Kind::Pid | Kind::Proc => { // Check that the "/proc" and "/proc/self" directories aren't // empty. if entry_stat.st_nlink <= 2 { return Err(io::Errno::NOTSUP);
}
}
Kind::File => { // Check that files in procfs don't have extraneous hard links to // them (which might indicate hard links to other things). if entry_stat.st_nlink != 1 { return Err(io::Errno::NOTSUP);
}
}
Kind::Symlink => { // Check that symlinks in procfs don't have extraneous hard links // to them (which might indicate hard links to other things). if entry_stat.st_nlink != 1 { return Err(io::Errno::NOTSUP);
}
}
}
Ok(entry_stat)
}
fn check_proc_root(entry: BorrowedFd<'_>, stat: &Stat) -> io::Result<()> { // We use `O_DIRECTORY` for proc directories, so open should fail if we // don't get a directory when we expect one.
assert_eq!(FileType::from_raw_mode(stat.st_mode), FileType::Directory);
// Check the root inode number. if stat.st_ino != PROC_ROOT_INO { return Err(io::Errno::NOTSUP);
}
// Check that "/proc" is a mountpoint. if !is_mountpoint(entry) { return Err(io::Errno::NOTSUP);
}
Ok(())
}
fn check_proc_subdir(
entry: BorrowedFd<'_>,
stat: &Stat,
proc_stat: Option<&Stat>,
) -> io::Result<()> { // We use `O_DIRECTORY` for proc directories, so open should fail if we // don't get a directory when we expect one.
assert_eq!(FileType::from_raw_mode(stat.st_mode), FileType::Directory);
check_proc_nonroot(stat, proc_stat)?;
// Check that subdirectories of "/proc" are not mount points. if is_mountpoint(entry) { return Err(io::Errno::NOTSUP);
}
Ok(())
}
fn check_proc_file(stat: &Stat, proc_stat: Option<&Stat>) -> io::Result<()> { // Check that we have a regular file. if FileType::from_raw_mode(stat.st_mode) != FileType::RegularFile { return Err(io::Errno::NOTSUP);
}
check_proc_nonroot(stat, proc_stat)?;
Ok(())
}
fn check_proc_symlink(stat: &Stat, proc_stat: Option<&Stat>) -> io::Result<()> { // Check that we have a symbolic link. if FileType::from_raw_mode(stat.st_mode) != FileType::Symlink { return Err(io::Errno::NOTSUP);
}
check_proc_nonroot(stat, proc_stat)?;
Ok(())
}
fn check_proc_nonroot(stat: &Stat, proc_stat: Option<&Stat>) -> io::Result<()> { // Check that we haven't been linked back to the root of "/proc". if stat.st_ino == PROC_ROOT_INO { return Err(io::Errno::NOTSUP);
}
// Check that we're still in procfs. if stat.st_dev != proc_stat.unwrap().st_dev { return Err(io::Errno::NOTSUP);
}
Ok(())
}
/// Check that `file` is opened on a `procfs` filesystem. fn check_procfs(file: BorrowedFd<'_>) -> io::Result<()> { let statfs = fstatfs(file)?; let f_type = statfs.f_type; if f_type != FsWord::from(PROC_SUPER_MAGIC) { return Err(io::Errno::NOTSUP);
}
Ok(())
}
/// Check whether the given directory handle is a mount point. fn is_mountpoint(file: BorrowedFd<'_>) -> bool { // We use a `renameat` call that would otherwise fail, but which fails with // `XDEV` first if it would cross a mount point. let err = renameat(file, cstr!("../."), file, cstr!(".")).unwrap_err(); match err {
io::Errno::XDEV => true, // the rename failed due to crossing a mount point
io::Errno::BUSY => false, // the rename failed normally
_ => panic!("Unexpected error from `renameat`: {:?}", err),
}
}
/// Open a directory in `/proc`, mapping all errors to `io::Errno::NOTSUP`. fn proc_opendirat<P: crate::path::Arg, Fd: AsFd>(dirfd: Fd, path: P) -> io::Result<OwnedFd> { // We don't add `PATH` here because that disables `DIRECTORY`. And we don't // add `NOATIME` for the same reason as the comment in `open_and_check_file`. let oflags = OFlags::NOFOLLOW | OFlags::DIRECTORY | OFlags::CLOEXEC | OFlags::NOCTTY;
openat(dirfd, path, oflags, Mode::empty()).map_err(|_err| io::Errno::NOTSUP)
}
/// Returns a handle to Linux's `/proc` directory. /// /// This ensures that `/proc` is procfs, that nothing is mounted on top of it, /// and that it looks normal. It also returns the `Stat` of `/proc`. /// /// # References /// - [Linux] /// /// [Linux]: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man5/proc.5.html fn proc() -> io::Result<(BorrowedFd<'static>, &'static Stat)> { static PROC: StaticFd = StaticFd::new();
// `OnceBox` is "racey" in that the initialization function may run // multiple times. We're ok with that, since the initialization function // has no side effects.
PROC.get_or_try_init(|| { // Open "/proc". let proc = proc_opendirat(CWD, cstr!("/proc"))?; let proc_stat =
check_proc_entry(Kind::Proc, proc.as_fd(), None).map_err(|_err| io::Errno::NOTSUP)?;
/// Returns a handle to Linux's `/proc/self` directory. /// /// This ensures that `/proc/self` is procfs, that nothing is mounted on top of /// it, and that it looks normal. It also returns the `Stat` of `/proc/self`. /// /// # References /// - [Linux] /// /// [Linux]: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man5/proc.5.html #[allow(unsafe_code)] fn proc_self() -> io::Result<(BorrowedFd<'static>, &'static Stat)> { static PROC_SELF: StaticFd = StaticFd::new();
// The init function here may run multiple times; see above.
PROC_SELF
.get_or_try_init(|| { let (proc, proc_stat) = proc()?;
// `getpid` would return our pid in our own pid namespace, so // instead use `readlink` on the `self` symlink to learn our pid in // the procfs namespace. let self_symlink = open_and_check_file(proc, proc_stat, cstr!("self"), Kind::Symlink)?; letmut buf = [MaybeUninit::<u8>::uninit(); 20]; let len = crate::backend::fs::syscalls::readlinkat(
self_symlink.as_fd(),
cstr!(""),
&mut buf,
)?; let pid: &[u8] = unsafe { core::mem::transmute(&buf[..len]) };
// Open "/proc/self". Use our pid to compute the name rather than // literally using "self", as "self" is a symlink. let proc_self = proc_opendirat(proc, pid)?; let proc_self_stat = check_proc_entry(Kind::Pid, proc_self.as_fd(), Some(proc_stat))
.map_err(|_err| io::Errno::NOTSUP)?;
/// Returns a handle to Linux's `/proc/self/fd` directory. /// /// This ensures that `/proc/self/fd` is `procfs`, that nothing is mounted on /// top of it, and that it looks normal. /// /// # References /// - [Linux] /// /// [Linux]: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man5/proc.5.html #[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(feature = "procfs")))] pubfn proc_self_fd() -> io::Result<BorrowedFd<'static>> { static PROC_SELF_FD: StaticFd = StaticFd::new();
// The init function here may run multiple times; see above.
PROC_SELF_FD
.get_or_try_init(|| { let (_, proc_stat) = proc()?;
let (proc_self, _proc_self_stat) = proc_self()?;
// Open "/proc/self/fd". let proc_self_fd = proc_opendirat(proc_self, cstr!("fd"))?; let proc_self_fd_stat =
check_proc_entry(Kind::Fd, proc_self_fd.as_fd(), Some(proc_stat))
.map_err(|_err| io::Errno::NOTSUP)?;
/// Returns a handle to Linux's `/proc/self/fdinfo` directory. /// /// This ensures that `/proc/self/fdinfo` is `procfs`, that nothing is mounted /// on top of it, and that it looks normal. It also returns the `Stat` of /// `/proc/self/fd`. /// /// # References /// - [Linux] /// /// [Linux]: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man5/proc.5.html fn proc_self_fdinfo() -> io::Result<(BorrowedFd<'static>, &'static Stat)> { static PROC_SELF_FDINFO: StaticFd = StaticFd::new();
PROC_SELF_FDINFO
.get_or_try_init(|| { let (_, proc_stat) = proc()?;
let (proc_self, _proc_self_stat) = proc_self()?;
// Open "/proc/self/fdinfo". let proc_self_fdinfo = proc_opendirat(proc_self, cstr!("fdinfo"))?; let proc_self_fdinfo_stat =
check_proc_entry(Kind::Fd, proc_self_fdinfo.as_fd(), Some(proc_stat))
.map_err(|_err| io::Errno::NOTSUP)?;
/// Returns a handle to a Linux `/proc/self/fdinfo/<fd>` file. /// /// This ensures that `/proc/self/fdinfo/<fd>` is `procfs`, that nothing is /// mounted on top of it, and that it looks normal. /// /// # References /// - [Linux] /// /// [Linux]: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man5/proc.5.html #[inline] #[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(feature = "procfs")))] pubfn proc_self_fdinfo_fd<Fd: AsFd>(fd: Fd) -> io::Result<OwnedFd> {
_proc_self_fdinfo(fd.as_fd())
}
/// Returns a handle to a Linux `/proc/self/pagemap` file. /// /// This ensures that `/proc/self/pagemap` is `procfs`, that nothing is /// mounted on top of it, and that it looks normal. /// /// # References /// - [Linux] /// - [Linux pagemap] /// /// [Linux]: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man5/proc.5.html /// [Linux pagemap]: https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/vm/pagemap.txt #[inline] #[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(feature = "procfs")))] pubfn proc_self_pagemap() -> io::Result<OwnedFd> {
proc_self_file(cstr!("pagemap"))
}
/// Returns a handle to a Linux `/proc/self/maps` file. /// /// This ensures that `/proc/self/maps` is `procfs`, that nothing is /// mounted on top of it, and that it looks normal. /// /// # References /// - [Linux] /// /// [Linux]: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man5/proc.5.html #[inline] #[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(feature = "procfs")))] pubfn proc_self_maps() -> io::Result<OwnedFd> {
proc_self_file(cstr!("maps"))
}
/// Returns a handle to a Linux `/proc/self/status` file. /// /// This ensures that `/proc/self/status` is `procfs`, that nothing is /// mounted on top of it, and that it looks normal. /// /// # References /// - [Linux] /// /// [Linux]: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man5/proc.5.html #[inline] #[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(feature = "procfs")))] pubfn proc_self_status() -> io::Result<OwnedFd> {
proc_self_file(cstr!("status"))
}
/// Open a file under `/proc/self`. fn proc_self_file(name: &CStr) -> io::Result<OwnedFd> { let (proc_self, proc_self_stat) = proc_self()?;
open_and_check_file(proc_self, proc_self_stat, name, Kind::File)
}
/// Open a procfs file within in `dir` and check it for bind mounts. fn open_and_check_file(
dir: BorrowedFd<'_>,
dir_stat: &Stat,
name: &CStr,
kind: Kind,
) -> io::Result<OwnedFd> { let (_, proc_stat) = proc()?;
// Don't use `NOATIME`, because it [requires us to own the file], and when // a process sets itself non-dumpable Linux changes the user:group of its // `/proc/<pid>` files [to root:root]. // // [requires us to own the file]: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/openat.2.html // [to root:root]: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man5/proc.5.html letmut oflags = OFlags::RDONLY | OFlags::CLOEXEC | OFlags::NOFOLLOW | OFlags::NOCTTY; iflet Kind::Symlink = kind { // Open symlinks with `O_PATH`.
oflags |= OFlags::PATH;
} let file = openat(dir, name, oflags, Mode::empty()).map_err(|_err| io::Errno::NOTSUP)?; let file_stat = fstat(&file)?;
// `is_mountpoint` only works on directory mount points, not file mount // points. To detect file mount points, scan the parent directory to see if // we can find a regular file with an inode and name that matches the file // we just opened. If we can't find it, there could be a file bind mount on // top of the file we want. // // TODO: With Linux 5.8 we might be able to use `statx` and // `STATX_ATTR_MOUNT_ROOT` to detect mountpoints directly instead of doing // this scanning.
let expected_type = match kind {
Kind::File => FileType::RegularFile,
Kind::Symlink => FileType::Symlink,
_ => unreachable!(),
};
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