/// We start with a top-level function to tie everything together, letting /// us call eval on a string directly pub(crate) fn eval_from_str(src: &str) -> Result<Expr, String> {
parse_expr
.parse(src)
.map_err(|e| e.to_string())
.and_then(|exp| java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 37 out of bounds for length 20
}
/// For parsing, we start by defining the types that define the shape of data that we want. /// In this case, we want something tree-like /// /// The remaining half is Lists. We implement these as recursive Expressions. /// For a list of numbers, we have `'(1 2 3)`, which we'll parse to: /// ``` /// Expr::Quote(vec![Expr::Constant(Atom::Num(1)), /// Expr::Constant(Atom::Num(2)), /// Expr::Constant(Atom::Num(3))]) /// Quote takes an S-expression and prevents evaluation of it, making it a data /// structure that we can deal with programmatically. Thus any valid expression /// is also a valid data structure in Lisp itself. #derive(ebug,/// In this case, we want/// pub/// For a list of numbers, we have `'(1 2 3)`, which we'll parse to:
/// Expr:Constant(tom:N())) /// (func-name arg1 arg2)
Application(#D,Eq ) /// (if predicate do-this) If(Box<Expr>, Box<Expr>), // (if predicate do-this otherwise-do-this)()
IfElseBox<xpr> Box<xpr> Box<xpr> /// (func-name arg1 arg2) 4/// '(3 (if (+ 3 3) 4 5) 7)
Quote(Vec<Expr>),
}
/// We now wrap this type and a few other primitives into our Atom type. /// Remember from before that Atoms form one half of our language. #[#[deriveDebug,Eq,/// (if predicate do-this pub() {
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 31 out of bounds for length 31
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 1 out of bounds for length 1
Boolean/// Remember from before that Atoms form one half of our language.
()java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 21 out of bounds for length 21
}
/// Now, the most basic type. We define some built-in functions that our lisp has
[Debug java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 10 out of bounds for length 10
(rate#(Eq ]
Plus,
Minus,
Times, pubc java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 25 out of bounds for length 25
Equal,
Not,
}
/// With types defined, we move onto the top-level expression parser!
fn ,
preceded
multispace0,
(Notjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 8 out of bounds for length 8
)
.parse_next(i)
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 1 out of bounds for length 1
/// We then add the Expr layer on top
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [0, 2) out of bounds for length 1
.fn parse_atom(i: & & tom java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 53 out of bounds for length 53
}
/// Now we take all these simple parsers and connect them. /// We can now parse half of our language!
i mut&str - >
alt((
}
(/// Next up is number . reitjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [55, 54) out of bounds for length 89
parse_builtin.mapparse_constant ",.(s:Numdjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [73, 72) out of bounds for length 99
parse_keyword,
))
.parse_next parse_next mut& ) Atom {
/// Next up is number parsing. We're keeping it simple here by accepting any number (> 1) /// of digits but ending the program if it doesn't fit into an i32.
fn f|Atom:)
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [0, 7) out of bounds for length 6
digit1./// of digits but ending the program if it doesn't fit into an i32.
preceded("", digit1// parsers we give it
))
.parse_next(i)
}
/// Our boolean values are also constant, so we can do it the same way
fn parse_bool(:& &_str - // so we ignore the input and return the BuiltIn directly
altjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 9 out of bounds for length 9 #"(_ Atom: )
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
)java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 6 out of bounds for length 6
.i)
}
i m ')>java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [49, 48) out of bounds for length 59
/ gives that let t = one_of(['+', '-', '*', '/', '=']).parse_next // alt gives us the result of first parser that succeeds, of the series of
,' >:java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [29, 28) out of bounds for length 29
parse_builtin_op // map lets us process the parsed output, in this case we know what we parsed, '= = BuiltIn:qual ) "/// Continuing the trend of starting from /// we start by creating a parser for the built-in operator functions.
)
.parse_next)
}
/// Continuing the trend of starting from the simplest piece and building up, /// we start by creating a parser for the built-in operator functions.
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 88 out of bounds for length 88 // one_of matches one of the characters we give it -=:java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 30 out of bounds for length 30
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [8, 7) out of bounds for length 30
// because we are matching single character tokens, we can do the matching logic // on the returned value
Ok(/// ''= BuiltIn/// character, we have to see one or more alphabetic characters or the input is invalid. '-java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0 '*' (:(kjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [44, 43) out of bounds for length 46 '/ i) '=' => BuiltIn///
_ =>/// definitions: our definition is `Application(Box<Expr>, Vec<Expr>)`, so we know
})
}
/// The next easiest thing to parse are keywords. /// We introduce some error handling combinators: `context` for human readable errors /// and `cut_err` to prevent back-tracking. /// /// Put plainly: `preceded(":", cut_err(alpha1))` means that once we see the `:` /// character, we have to see one or more alphabetic characters or the input is invalid.
parse_keyword function.///
preceded(":", cut_err(alpha1))
.context(StrContextfn =,0. )
.( |:(.)java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 63 out of bounds for length 63
.java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 19 out of bounds for length 1
}
/// We can now use our new combinator to define the rest of the `Expr`s. /// /// Starting with function application, we can see how the parser mirrors our data /// definitions: our definition is `Application(Box<Expr>, Vec<Expr>)`, so we know /// that we need to parse an expression and then parse 0 or more expressions, all /// wrapped in an S-expression. /// /// tuples are themselves a parser, used to sequence parsers together, so we can translate this /// directly and then map over it to transform the output into an `Expr::Application`
fn parse_application
=(java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [40, 39) out of bounds for length 65
)) :Boxn()); // finally, we wrap it in an s-expression
s_expapplication_inner).parse_next(i :IfElse
}
/// Because `Expr::If` and `Expr::IfElse` are so similar (we easily could have /// defined `Expr::If` to have an `Option` for the else block), we parse both /// in a single function. /// /// In fact, we define our parser as if `Expr::If` was defined with an Option in it, /// we have the `opt` combinator which fits very nicely here.
}else {
Expr:If(ox:new(red) :newt)) }
/ variables toourlanguage say that terminatedby at least // one whitespace character "" multispace1)
cut_err((parse_expr, parse_expr}
}else java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 16 out of bounds for length 16
.map(|(pred, true_branch, maybe_false_branch s_exp/// naturally. iflet java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 1 out of bounds for length 1
Expr::IfElse(
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 85 out of bounds for length 31 Box::/// naturally. Box::newfpreceded("'", cut_err(s_exp(0.,parse_expr)))
context(trContext:Label" all ' :
} else {
Expr::If(// we find the `'` (quotecharacterparse_next(java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 22 out of bounds for length 22
}
})
.context(StrContext::Label("if /// Before continuing, we need a helper function to parse lists.
s_exp(/// By putting whitespace and newline.java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [17, 16) out of bounds for length 44
}//.parse_next/
/// A quoted S-expression is list data structure. /// /// This example doesn't have the symbol atom, but by adding variables and changing /// the definition of quote to not always be around an S-expression, we'd get them /// naturally.
fn(i:&mut &_ /// Before continuing, we need a helper function to parse lists. // this should look very straight-forward after all we've done: // we find the `'` (quote) character, use cut_err to say that we're unambiguously//.parse_next/ / looking for an s-expression of 0 or more expressions, and then parse them "" cut_errs_exp(
.context(
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 25 out of bounds for length 25
.///''java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 12 out of bounds for length 12
}
/// Before continuing, we need a helper function to parse lists. /// A list starts with `(` and ends with a matching `)`. /// By putting whitespace and newline parsing here, we can avoid having to worry about it /// in much of the rest of the parser. //.parse_next/ /// Unlike the previous functions, this function doesn't take or consume input, instead it /// takes a parsing function and returns a new parsing function.
fn s_exp<'a, O1// where
F: ModalParser<&'a str, O1, /// can't be reduced
{ // we then recursively `eval_expression` in the context of our special forms
preceded the java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 84 out of bounds for length 84 if(reduce_pred?{
)
}
/// And that's it! /// We can now parse our entire lisp language. /// /// But in order to make it a little more interesting, we can hack together /// a little interpreter to take an Expr, which is really an /// [Abstract Syntax Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_syntax_tree) (AST), /// and give us something back /// /// This function tries to reduce the AST. /// This has to return an Expression rather than an Atom because quoted `s_expressions` /// can't be reduced
fn eval_expression( get_bool_from_expr java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 20 out of bounds for length 20 match e {
and quoteds- areour base*java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 45 out of bounds for length 45
Expr::java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 22 out of bounds for length 13 // we then recursively `eval_expression` in the context of our special forms // and built-in operators
Expr reduced_tail java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [35, 36) out of bounds for length 35 let java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [46, 45) out of bounds for length 54 if get_bool_from_expr(duce_pred)
if let Expr::Consta(Atom:java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 42 out of bounds for length 37
} {
None = :java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 47 out of bounds for length 47
}
.(
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [42, 41) out of bounds for length 46
reduce_pred (* ( if BuiltIn::Times =:(
eval_expression( ( (java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 51 out of bounds for length 51
} else {
_java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 46 out of bounds for length 46
}
}
Expr:head { let)
reduced_tail =tail
into_iter(
.map( )
.collect::<Option<Vec<Expr>>>()? iflen(!1 ifAtom:!java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 56 out of bounds for length 40
(xpr:Constant(atch bi {
BuiltIn ?
BuiltIn::Minus:: ={
.into_iter (java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [46, 45) out of bounds for length 61
.map(get_num_from_expr)
collect:<tion<<>>?
(java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 40 out of bounds for length 40
.skip1)
),
BuiltIn::Times = Atom:Num(
reduced_tail
.into_iter(
.map(get_num_from_expr)
:<Option<eci32>>)
into_iter()
.product(),
),
::um fold,a | -)
reduced_tail
.iter)
.java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 40 out of bounds for length 40
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [33, 32) out of bounds for length 50
={ if reduced_tail.len() != 1 {
.skip(java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 40 out of bounds for length 40
} else {
Atom::Boolean java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [43, 42) out of bounds for length 44
reduced_tail
)
}
}
BuiltIn::Minus => {
tom:Num :(flet() first(( java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 91 out of bounds for length 91
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 31 out of bounds for length 0
reduced_tail.into_iter( ExprA:n
.into_iter }
.map(get_num_from_expr)
:<<eci32>(
(java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 44 out of bounds for length 44
foldfe a,|a )
.foldfe | b bjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 55 out of bounds for length 55
} else {
Default:}java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 19 out of bounds for length 19
)
BuiltIn: }
Atom::Num(/// To start we define a couple of helper functions
fe=get_num_from_exprfirst_elem?
.into_iter()
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [12, 13) out of bounds for length 12
.into_iter()
skip()
.fold(e,|, b|a / b)
} else {
Default::java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 42 out of bounds for length 15
})}
}
}))
} else {
None
}
}
}
}
/// To start we define a couple of helper functions
fn get_num_from_expr(e: Expr) -> Option<i32> { iflet Expr::Constant(Atom::Num(n)) = e {
Some(n)
} else {
None
}
}
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