// Copyright 2022 The Fuchsia Authors // // Licensed under a BSD-style license <LICENSE-BSD>, Apache License, Version 2.0 // <LICENSE-APACHE or https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0>, or the MIT // license <LICENSE-MIT or https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your option. // This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed except according to // those terms.
//! Utilities used by macros and by `zerocopy-derive`. //! //! These are defined here `zerocopy` rather than in code generated by macros or //! by `zerocopy-derive` so that they can be compiled once rather than //! recompiled for every invocation (e.g., if they were defined in generated //! code, then deriving `IntoBytes` and `FromBytes` on three different types //! would result in the code in question being emitted and compiled six //! different times).
#![allow(missing_debug_implementations)]
// FIXME(#29), FIXME(https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/69835): Remove // this `cfg` when `size_of_val_raw` is stabilized. #[cfg(__ZEROCOPY_INTERNAL_USE_ONLY_NIGHTLY_FEATURES_IN_TESTS)] #[cfg(not(target_pointer_width = "16"))] use core::ptr::{self, NonNull}; use core::{
marker::PhantomData,
mem::{self, ManuallyDrop},
};
/// Projects the type of the field at `Index` in `Self`. /// /// The `Index` parameter is any sort of handle that identifies the field; its /// definition is the obligation of the implementer. /// /// # Safety /// /// Unsafe code may assume that this accurately reflects the definition of /// `Self`. pubunsafetrait Field<Index> { /// The type of the field at `Index`. typeType: ?Sized;
}
#[cfg_attr(
zerocopy_diagnostic_on_unimplemented_1_78_0,
diagnostic::on_unimplemented(
message = "`{T}` has {PADDING_BYTES} total byte(s) of padding",
label = "types with padding cannot implement `IntoBytes`",
note = "consider using `zerocopy::Unalign` to lower the alignment of individual fields",
note = "consider adding explicit fields where padding would be",
note = "consider using `#[repr(packed)]` to remove padding"
)
)] pubtrait PaddingFree<T: ?Sized, const PADDING_BYTES: usize> {} impl<T: ?Sized> PaddingFree<T, 0> for () {}
// FIXME(#1112): In the slice DST case, we should delegate to *both* // `PaddingFree` *and* `DynamicPaddingFree` (and probably rename `PaddingFree` // to `StaticPaddingFree` or something - or introduce a third trait with that // name) so that we can have more clear error messages.
#[cfg_attr(
zerocopy_diagnostic_on_unimplemented_1_78_0,
diagnostic::on_unimplemented(
message = "`{T}` has one or more padding bytes",
label = "types with padding cannot implement `IntoBytes`",
note = "consider using `zerocopy::Unalign` to lower the alignment of individual fields",
note = "consider adding explicit fields where padding would be",
note = "consider using `#[repr(packed)]` to remove padding"
)
)] pubtrait DynamicPaddingFree<T: ?Sized, const HAS_PADDING: bool> {} impl<T: ?Sized> DynamicPaddingFree<T, false> for () {}
/// A type whose size is equal to `align_of::<T>()`. #[repr(C)] pubstruct AlignOf<T> { // This field ensures that: // - The size is always at least 1 (the minimum possible alignment). // - If the alignment is greater than 1, Rust has to round up to the next // multiple of it in order to make sure that `Align`'s size is a multiple // of that alignment. Without this field, its size could be 0, which is a // valid multiple of any alignment.
_u: u8,
_a: [T; 0],
}
/// A type whose size is equal to `max(align_of::<T>(), align_of::<U>())`. #[repr(C)] pub union MaxAlignsOf<T, U> {
_t: ManuallyDrop<AlignOf<T>>,
_u: ManuallyDrop<AlignOf<U>>,
}
// FIXME(#29), FIXME(https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/69835): Remove // this `cfg` when `size_of_val_raw` is stabilized. #[cfg(__ZEROCOPY_INTERNAL_USE_ONLY_NIGHTLY_FEATURES_IN_TESTS)] #[cfg(not(target_pointer_width = "16"))] #[repr(C, align(65536))] struct Aligned64kAllocation([u8; _64K]);
/// A pointer to an aligned allocation of size 2^16. /// /// # Safety /// /// `ALIGNED_64K_ALLOCATION` is guaranteed to point to the entirety of an /// allocation with size and alignment 2^16, and to have valid provenance. // FIXME(#29), FIXME(https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/69835): Remove // this `cfg` when `size_of_val_raw` is stabilized. #[cfg(__ZEROCOPY_INTERNAL_USE_ONLY_NIGHTLY_FEATURES_IN_TESTS)] #[cfg(not(target_pointer_width = "16"))] pubconst ALIGNED_64K_ALLOCATION: NonNull<[u8]> = { constREF: &Aligned64kAllocation = &Aligned64kAllocation([0; _64K]); let ptr: *const Aligned64kAllocation = REF; let ptr: *const [u8] = ptr::slice_from_raw_parts(ptr.cast(), _64K); // SAFETY: // - `ptr` is derived from a Rust reference, which is guaranteed to be // non-null. // - `ptr` is derived from an `&Aligned64kAllocation`, which has size and // alignment `_64K` as promised. Its length is initialized to `_64K`, // which means that it refers to the entire allocation. // - `ptr` is derived from a Rust reference, which is guaranteed to have // valid provenance. // // FIXME(#429): Once `NonNull::new_unchecked` docs document that it // preserves provenance, cite those docs. // FIXME: Replace this `as` with `ptr.cast_mut()` once our MSRV >= 1.65 #[allow(clippy::as_conversions)] unsafe {
NonNull::new_unchecked(ptr as *mut _)
}
};
/// Computes the offset of the base of the field `$trailing_field_name` within /// the type `$ty`. /// /// `trailing_field_offset!` produces code which is valid in a `const` context. // FIXME(#29), FIXME(https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/69835): Remove // this `cfg` when `size_of_val_raw` is stabilized. #[cfg(__ZEROCOPY_INTERNAL_USE_ONLY_NIGHTLY_FEATURES_IN_TESTS)] #[doc(hidden)] // `#[macro_export]` bypasses this module's `#[doc(hidden)]`. #[macro_export]
macro_rules! trailing_field_offset {
($ty:ty, $trailing_field_name:tt) => {{ let min_size = { let zero_elems: *const [()] =
$crate::util::macro_util::core_reexport::ptr::slice_from_raw_parts(
$crate::util::macro_util::core_reexport::ptr::NonNull::<()>::dangling()
.as_ptr()
.cast_const(), 0,
); // SAFETY: // - If `$ty` is `Sized`, `size_of_val_raw` is always safe to call. // - Otherwise: // - If `$ty` is not a slice DST, this pointer conversion will // fail due to "mismatched vtable kinds", and compilation will // fail. // - If `$ty` is a slice DST, we have constructed `zero_elems` to // have zero trailing slice elements. Per the `size_of_val_raw` // docs, "For the special case where the dynamic tail length is // 0, this function is safe to call." [1] // // [1] https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/mem/fn.size_of_val_raw.html unsafe { #[allow(clippy::as_conversions)]
$crate::util::macro_util::core_reexport::mem::size_of_val_raw(
zero_elems as *const $ty,
)
}
};
assert!(min_size <= _64K);
#[allow(clippy::as_conversions)] let ptr = ALIGNED_64K_ALLOCATION.as_ptr() as *const $ty;
// SAFETY: // - Thanks to the preceding `assert!`, we know that the value with zero // elements fits in `_64K` bytes, and thus in the allocation addressed // by `ALIGNED_64K_ALLOCATION`. The offset of the trailing field is // guaranteed to be no larger than this size, so this field projection // is guaranteed to remain in-bounds of its allocation. // - Because the minimum size is no larger than `_64K` bytes, and // because an object's size must always be a multiple of its alignment // [1], we know that `$ty`'s alignment is no larger than `_64K`. The // allocation addressed by `ALIGNED_64K_ALLOCATION` is guaranteed to // be aligned to `_64K`, so `ptr` is guaranteed to satisfy `$ty`'s // alignment. // - As required by `addr_of!`, we do not write through `field`. // // Note that, as of [2], this requirement is technically unnecessary // for Rust versions >= 1.75.0, but no harm in guaranteeing it anyway // until we bump our MSRV. // // [1] Per https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/type-layout.html: // // The size of a value is always a multiple of its alignment. // // [2] https://github.com/rust-lang/reference/pull/1387 let field = unsafe {
$crate::util::macro_util::core_reexport::ptr::addr_of!((*ptr).$trailing_field_name)
}; // SAFETY: // - Both `ptr` and `field` are derived from the same allocated object. // - By the preceding safety comment, `field` is in bounds of that // allocated object. // - The distance, in bytes, between `ptr` and `field` is required to be // a multiple of the size of `u8`, which is trivially true because // `u8`'s size is 1. // - The distance, in bytes, cannot overflow `isize`. This is guaranteed // because no allocated object can have a size larger than can fit in // `isize`. [1] // - The distance being in-bounds cannot rely on wrapping around the // address space. This is guaranteed because the same is guaranteed of // allocated objects. [1] // // [1] FIXME(#429), FIXME(https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/116675): // Once these are guaranteed in the Reference, cite it. let offset = unsafe { field.cast::<u8>().offset_from(ptr.cast::<u8>()) }; // Guaranteed not to be lossy: `field` comes after `ptr`, so the offset // from `ptr` to `field` is guaranteed to be positive.
assert!(offset >= 0);
Some( #[allow(clippy::as_conversions)]
{
offset as usize
},
)
}};
}
/// Computes alignment of `$ty: ?Sized`. /// /// `align_of!` produces code which is valid in a `const` context. // FIXME(#29), FIXME(https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/69835): Remove // this `cfg` when `size_of_val_raw` is stabilized. #[cfg(__ZEROCOPY_INTERNAL_USE_ONLY_NIGHTLY_FEATURES_IN_TESTS)] #[doc(hidden)] // `#[macro_export]` bypasses this module's `#[doc(hidden)]`. #[macro_export]
macro_rules! align_of {
($ty:ty) => {{ // SAFETY: `OffsetOfTrailingIsAlignment` is `repr(C)`, and its layout is // guaranteed [1] to begin with the single-byte layout for `_byte`, // followed by the padding needed to align `_trailing`, then the layout // for `_trailing`, and finally any trailing padding bytes needed to // correctly-align the entire struct. // // This macro computes the alignment of `$ty` by counting the number of // bytes preceding `_trailing`. For instance, if the alignment of `$ty` // is `1`, then no padding is required align `_trailing` and it will be // located immediately after `_byte` at offset 1. If the alignment of // `$ty` is 2, then a single padding byte is required before // `_trailing`, and `_trailing` will be located at offset 2.
// This correspondence between offset and alignment holds for all valid // Rust alignments, and we confirm this exhaustively (or, at least up to // the maximum alignment supported by `trailing_field_offset!`) in // `test_align_of_dst`. // // [1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/other-reprs.html#reprc
mod size_to_tag { pubtrait SizeToTag<const SIZE: usize> { type Tag;
}
impl SizeToTag<1> for () { type Tag = u8;
} impl SizeToTag<2> for () { type Tag = u16;
} impl SizeToTag<4> for () { type Tag = u32;
} impl SizeToTag<8> for () { type Tag = u64;
} impl SizeToTag<16> for () { type Tag = u128;
}
}
/// An alias for the unsigned integer of the given size in bytes. #[doc(hidden)] pubtype SizeToTag<const SIZE: usize> = <() as size_to_tag::SizeToTag<SIZE>>::Tag;
// We put `Sized` in its own module so it can have the same name as the standard // library `Sized` without shadowing it in the parent module. #[cfg(zerocopy_diagnostic_on_unimplemented_1_78_0)] mod __size_of { #[diagnostic::on_unimplemented(
message = "`{Self}` is unsized",
label = "`IntoBytes` needs all field types to be `Sized` in order to determine whether there is padding",
note = "consider using `#[repr(packed)]` to remove padding",
note = "`IntoBytes` does not require the fields of `#[repr(packed)]` types to be `Sized`"
)] pubtrait Sized: core::marker::Sized {} impl<T: core::marker::Sized> Sized for T {}
/// How many padding bytes does the struct type `$t` have? /// /// `$ts` is the list of the type of every field in `$t`. `$t` must be a struct /// type, or else `struct_padding!`'s result may be meaningless. /// /// Note that `struct_padding!`'s results are independent of `repcr` since they /// only consider the size of the type and the sizes of the fields. Whatever the /// repr, the size of the type already takes into account any padding that the /// compiler has decided to add. Structs with well-defined representations (such /// as `repr(C)`) can use this macro to check for padding. Note that while this /// may yield some consistent value for some `repr(Rust)` structs, it is not /// guaranteed across platforms or compilations. #[doc(hidden)] // `#[macro_export]` bypasses this module's `#[doc(hidden)]`. #[macro_export]
macro_rules! struct_padding {
($t:ty, [$($ts:ty),*]) => {
$crate::util::macro_util::size_of::<$t>() - (0 $(+ $crate::util::macro_util::size_of::<$ts>())*)
};
}
/// Does the `repr(C)` struct type `$t` have padding? /// /// `$ts` is the list of the type of every field in `$t`. `$t` must be a /// `repr(C)` struct type, or else `struct_has_padding!`'s result may be /// meaningless. #[doc(hidden)] // `#[macro_export]` bypasses this module's `#[doc(hidden)]`. #[macro_export]
macro_rules! repr_c_struct_has_padding {
($t:ty, [$($ts:tt),*]) => {{ let layout = $crate::DstLayout::for_repr_c_struct(
$crate::util::macro_util::core_reexport::option::Option::None,
$crate::util::macro_util::core_reexport::option::Option::None,
&[$($crate::repr_c_struct_has_padding!(@field $ts),)*]
);
layout.requires_static_padding() || layout.requires_dynamic_padding()
}};
(@field [$t:ty]) => {
<[$t] as $crate::KnownLayout>::LAYOUT
};
(@field $t:ty) => {
$crate::DstLayout::for_unpadded_type::<$t>()
};
}
/// Does the union type `$t` have padding? /// /// `$ts` is the list of the type of every field in `$t`. `$t` must be a union /// type, or else `union_padding!`'s result may be meaningless. /// /// Note that `union_padding!`'s results are independent of `repr` since they /// only consider the size of the type and the sizes of the fields. Whatever the /// repr, the size of the type already takes into account any padding that the /// compiler has decided to add. Unions with well-defined representations (such /// as `repr(C)`) can use this macro to check for padding. Note that while this /// may yield some consistent value for some `repr(Rust)` unions, it is not /// guaranteed across platforms or compilations. #[doc(hidden)] // `#[macro_export]` bypasses this module's `#[doc(hidden)]`. #[macro_export]
macro_rules! union_padding {
($t:ty, [$($ts:ty),*]) => {{ letmut max = 0;
$({ let padding = $crate::util::macro_util::size_of::<$t>() - $crate::util::macro_util::size_of::<$ts>(); if padding > max {
max = padding;
}
})*
max
}};
}
/// How many padding bytes does the enum type `$t` have? /// /// `$disc` is the type of the enum tag, and `$ts` is a list of fields in each /// square-bracket-delimited variant. `$t` must be an enum, or else /// `enum_padding!`'s result may be meaningless. An enum has padding if any of /// its variant structs [1][2] contain padding, and so all of the variants of an /// enum must be "full" in order for the enum to not have padding. /// /// The results of `enum_padding!` require that the enum is not `repr(Rust)`, as /// `repr(Rust)` enums may niche the enum's tag and reduce the total number of /// bytes required to represent the enum as a result. As long as the enum is /// `repr(C)`, `repr(int)`, or `repr(C, int)`, this will consistently return /// whether the enum contains any padding bytes. /// /// [1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.81.0/reference/type-layout.html#reprc-enums-with-fields /// [2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.81.0/reference/type-layout.html#primitive-representation-of-enums-with-fields #[doc(hidden)] // `#[macro_export]` bypasses this module's `#[doc(hidden)]`. #[macro_export]
macro_rules! enum_padding {
($t:ty, $disc:ty, $([$($ts:ty),*]),*) => {{ letmut max = 0;
$({ let padding = $crate::util::macro_util::size_of::<$t>()
- (
$crate::util::macro_util::size_of::<$disc>()
$(+ $crate::util::macro_util::size_of::<$ts>())*
); if padding > max {
max = padding;
}
})*
max
}};
}
/// Does `t` have alignment greater than or equal to `u`? If not, this macro /// produces a compile error. It must be invoked in a dead codepath. This is /// used in `transmute_ref!` and `transmute_mut!`. #[doc(hidden)] // `#[macro_export]` bypasses this module's `#[doc(hidden)]`. #[macro_export]
macro_rules! assert_align_gt_eq {
($t:ident, $u: ident) => {{ // The comments here should be read in the context of this macro's // invocations in `transmute_ref!` and `transmute_mut!`. iffalse { // The type wildcard in this bound is inferred to be `T` because // `align_of.into_t()` is assigned to `t` (which has type `T`). let align_of: $crate::util::macro_util::AlignOf<_> = unreachable!();
$t = align_of.into_t(); // `max_aligns` is inferred to have type `MaxAlignsOf<T, U>` because // of the inferred types of `t` and `u`. letmut max_aligns = $crate::util::macro_util::MaxAlignsOf::new($t, $u);
// This transmute will only compile successfully if // `align_of::<T>() == max(align_of::<T>(), align_of::<U>())` - in // other words, if `align_of::<T>() >= align_of::<U>()`. // // SAFETY: This code is never run.
max_aligns = unsafe { // Clippy: We can't annotate the types; this macro is designed // to infer the types from the calling context. #[allow(clippy::missing_transmute_annotations)]
$crate::util::macro_util::core_reexport::mem::transmute(align_of)
};
} else { loop {}
}
}};
}
/// Do `t` and `u` have the same size? If not, this macro produces a compile /// error. It must be invoked in a dead codepath. This is used in /// `transmute_ref!` and `transmute_mut!`. #[doc(hidden)] // `#[macro_export]` bypasses this module's `#[doc(hidden)]`. #[macro_export]
macro_rules! assert_size_eq {
($t:ident, $u: ident) => {{ // The comments here should be read in the context of this macro's // invocations in `transmute_ref!` and `transmute_mut!`. iffalse { // SAFETY: This code is never run.
$u = unsafe { // Clippy: // - It's okay to transmute a type to itself. // - We can't annotate the types; this macro is designed to // infer the types from the calling context. #[allow(clippy::useless_transmute, clippy::missing_transmute_annotations)]
$crate::util::macro_util::core_reexport::mem::transmute($t)
};
} else { loop {}
}
}};
}
/// Is a given source a valid instance of `Dst`? /// /// If so, returns `src` casted to a `Ptr<Dst, _>`. Otherwise returns `None`. /// /// # Safety /// /// Unsafe code may assume that, if `try_cast_or_pme(src)` returns `Ok`, /// `*src` is a bit-valid instance of `Dst`, and that the size of `Src` is /// greater than or equal to the size of `Dst`. /// /// Unsafe code may assume that, if `try_cast_or_pme(src)` returns `Err`, the /// encapsulated `Ptr` value is the original `src`. `try_cast_or_pme` cannot /// guarantee that the referent has not been modified, as it calls user-defined /// code (`TryFromBytes::is_bit_valid`). /// /// # Panics /// /// `try_cast_or_pme` may either produce a post-monomorphization error or a /// panic if `Dst` not the same size as `Src`. Otherwise, `try_cast_or_pme` /// panics under the same circumstances as [`is_bit_valid`]. /// /// [`is_bit_valid`]: TryFromBytes::is_bit_valid #[doc(hidden)] #[inline] fn try_cast_or_pme<Src, Dst, I, R, S>(
src: Ptr<'_, Src, I>,
) -> Result<
Ptr<'_, Dst, (I::Aliasing, invariant::Unaligned, invariant::Valid)>,
ValidityError<Ptr<'_, Src, I>, Dst>,
> where // FIXME(#2226): There should be a `Src: FromBytes` bound here, but doing so // requires deeper surgery.
Src: invariant::Read<I::Aliasing, R>,
Dst: TryFromBytes
+ invariant::Read<I::Aliasing, R>
+ TryTransmuteFromPtr<Dst, I::Aliasing, invariant::Initialized, invariant::Valid, S>,
I: Invariants<Validity = invariant::Initialized>,
I::Aliasing: invariant::Reference,
{
static_assert!(Src, Dst => mem::size_of::<Dst>() == mem::size_of::<Src>());
// SAFETY: This is a pointer cast, satisfying the following properties: // - `p as *mut Dst` addresses a subset of the `bytes` addressed by `src`, // because we assert above that the size of `Dst` equal to the size of // `Src`. // - `p as *mut Dst` is a provenance-preserving cast let c_ptr = unsafe { src.cast_unsized(|p| cast!(p)) };
match c_ptr.try_into_valid() {
Ok(ptr) => Ok(ptr),
Err(err) => { // Re-cast `Ptr<Dst>` to `Ptr<Src>`. let ptr = err.into_src(); // SAFETY: This is a pointer cast, satisfying the following // properties: // - `p as *mut Src` addresses a subset of the `bytes` addressed by // `ptr`, because we assert above that the size of `Dst` is equal // to the size of `Src`. // - `p as *mut Src` is a provenance-preserving cast let ptr = unsafe { ptr.cast_unsized(|p| cast!(p)) }; // SAFETY: `ptr` is `src`, and has the same alignment invariant. let ptr = unsafe { ptr.assume_alignment::<I::Alignment>() }; // SAFETY: `ptr` is `src` and has the same validity invariant. let ptr = unsafe { ptr.assume_validity::<I::Validity>() };
Err(ValidityError::new(ptr.unify_invariants()))
}
}
}
/// Attempts to transmute `Src` into `Dst`. /// /// A helper for `try_transmute!`. /// /// # Panics /// /// `try_transmute` may either produce a post-monomorphization error or a panic /// if `Dst` is bigger than `Src`. Otherwise, `try_transmute` panics under the /// same circumstances as [`is_bit_valid`]. /// /// [`is_bit_valid`]: TryFromBytes::is_bit_valid #[inline(always)] pubfn try_transmute<Src, Dst>(src: Src) -> Result<Dst, ValidityError<Src, Dst>> where
Src: IntoBytes,
Dst: TryFromBytes,
{
static_assert!(Src, Dst => mem::size_of::<Dst>() == mem::size_of::<Src>());
let mu_src = mem::MaybeUninit::new(src); // SAFETY: By invariant on `&`, the following are satisfied: // - `&mu_src` is valid for reads // - `&mu_src` is properly aligned // - `&mu_src`'s referent is bit-valid let mu_src_copy = unsafe { core::ptr::read(&mu_src) }; // SAFETY: `MaybeUninit` has no validity constraints. letmut mu_dst: mem::MaybeUninit<Dst> = unsafe { crate::util::transmute_unchecked(mu_src_copy) };
let ptr = Ptr::from_mut(&mut mu_dst);
// SAFETY: Since `Src: IntoBytes`, and since `size_of::<Src>() == // size_of::<Dst>()` by the preceding assertion, all of `mu_dst`'s bytes are // initialized. let ptr = unsafe { ptr.assume_validity::<invariant::Initialized>() };
// SAFETY: `MaybeUninit<T>` and `T` have the same size [1], so this cast // preserves the referent's size. This cast preserves provenance. // // [1] Per https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.81.0/std/mem/union.MaybeUninit.html#layout-1: // // `MaybeUninit<T>` is guaranteed to have the same size, alignment, and // ABI as `T` let ptr: Ptr<'_, Dst, _> = unsafe {
ptr.cast_unsized(|ptr: crate::pointer::PtrInner<'_, mem::MaybeUninit<Dst>>| {
ptr.cast_sized()
})
};
if Dst::is_bit_valid(ptr.forget_aligned()) { // SAFETY: Since `Dst::is_bit_valid`, we know that `ptr`'s referent is // bit-valid for `Dst`. `ptr` points to `mu_dst`, and no intervening // operations have mutated it, so it is a bit-valid `Dst`.
Ok(unsafe { mu_dst.assume_init() })
} else { // SAFETY: `mu_src` was constructed from `src` and never modified, so it // is still bit-valid.
Err(ValidityError::new(unsafe { mu_src.assume_init() }))
}
}
/// Attempts to transmute `&Src` into `&Dst`. /// /// A helper for `try_transmute_ref!`. /// /// # Panics /// /// `try_transmute_ref` may either produce a post-monomorphization error or a /// panic if `Dst` is bigger or has a stricter alignment requirement than `Src`. /// Otherwise, `try_transmute_ref` panics under the same circumstances as /// [`is_bit_valid`]. /// /// [`is_bit_valid`]: TryFromBytes::is_bit_valid #[inline(always)] pubfn try_transmute_ref<Src, Dst>(src: &Src) -> Result<&Dst, ValidityError<&Src, Dst>> where
Src: IntoBytes + Immutable,
Dst: TryFromBytes + Immutable,
{ let ptr = Ptr::from_ref(src); let ptr = ptr.bikeshed_recall_initialized_immutable(); match try_cast_or_pme::<Src, Dst, _, BecauseImmutable, _>(ptr) {
Ok(ptr) => {
static_assert!(Src, Dst => mem::align_of::<Dst>() <= mem::align_of::<Src>()); // SAFETY: We have checked that `Dst` does not have a stricter // alignment requirement than `Src`. let ptr = unsafe { ptr.assume_alignment::<invariant::Aligned>() };
Ok(ptr.as_ref())
}
Err(err) => Err(err.map_src(|ptr| { // SAFETY: Because `Src: Immutable` and we create a `Ptr` via // `Ptr::from_ref`, the resulting `Ptr` is a shared-and-`Immutable` // `Ptr`, which does not permit mutation of its referent. Therefore, // no mutation could have happened during the call to // `try_cast_or_pme` (any such mutation would be unsound). // // `try_cast_or_pme` promises to return its original argument, and // so we know that we are getting back the same `ptr` that we // originally passed, and that `ptr` was a bit-valid `Src`. let ptr = unsafe { ptr.assume_valid() };
ptr.as_ref()
})),
}
}
/// Attempts to transmute `&mut Src` into `&mut Dst`. /// /// A helper for `try_transmute_mut!`. /// /// # Panics /// /// `try_transmute_mut` may either produce a post-monomorphization error or a /// panic if `Dst` is bigger or has a stricter alignment requirement than `Src`. /// Otherwise, `try_transmute_mut` panics under the same circumstances as /// [`is_bit_valid`]. /// /// [`is_bit_valid`]: TryFromBytes::is_bit_valid #[inline(always)] pubfn try_transmute_mut<Src, Dst>(src: &mut Src) -> Result<&e='color:red'>mut Dst, ValidityError<&mut Src, Dst>> where
Src: FromBytes + IntoBytes,
Dst: TryFromBytes + IntoBytes,
{ let ptr = Ptr::from_mut(src); let ptr = ptr.bikeshed_recall_initialized_from_bytes(); match try_cast_or_pme::<Src, Dst, _, BecauseExclusive, _>(ptr) {
Ok(ptr) => {
static_assert!(Src, Dst => mem::align_of::<Dst>() <= mem::align_of::<Src>()); // SAFETY: We have checked that `Dst` does not have a stricter // alignment requirement than `Src`. let ptr = unsafe { ptr.assume_alignment::<invariant::Aligned>() };
Ok(ptr.as_mut())
}
Err(err) => {
Err(err.map_src(|ptr| ptr.recall_validity::<_, (_, BecauseInvariantsEq)>().as_mut()))
}
}
}
// Used in `transmute_ref!` and friends. // // This permits us to use the autoref specialization trick to dispatch to // associated functions for `transmute_ref` and `transmute_mut` when both `Src` // and `Dst` are `Sized`, and to trait methods otherwise. The associated // functions, unlike the trait methods, do not require a `KnownLayout` bound. // This permits us to add support for transmuting references to unsized types // without breaking backwards-compatibility (on v0.8.x) with the old // implementation, which did not require a `KnownLayout` bound to transmute // sized types. #[derive(Copy, Clone)] pubstruct Wrap<Src, Dst>(pub Src, pub PhantomData<Dst>);
let src: *const Src = self.0; let dst = src.cast::<Dst>(); // SAFETY: // - We know that it is sound to view the target type of the input reference // (`Src`) as the target type of the output reference (`Dst`) because the // caller has guaranteed that `Src: IntoBytes`, `Dst: FromBytes`, and // `size_of::<Src>() == size_of::<Dst>()`. // - We know that there are no `UnsafeCell`s, and thus we don't have to // worry about `UnsafeCell` overlap, because `Src: Immutable` and `Dst: // Immutable`. // - The caller has guaranteed that alignment is not increased. // - We know that the returned lifetime will not outlive the input lifetime // thanks to the lifetime bounds on this function. // // FIXME(#67): Once our MSRV is 1.58, replace this `transmute` with `&*dst`. #[allow(clippy::transmute_ptr_to_ref)] unsafe {
mem::transmute(dst)
}
}
}
impl<'a, Src, Dst> Wrap<&'a mut Src, &'a mut Dst> { /// Transmutes a mutable reference of one type to a mutable reference of another /// type. /// /// # PME /// /// Instantiating this method PMEs unless both: /// - `mem::size_of::<Dst>() == mem::size_of::<Src>()` /// - `mem::align_of::<Dst>() <= mem::align_of::<Src>()` #[inline(always)] #[must_use] pubfn transmute_mut(self) -> &'a mut Dst where
Src: FromBytes + IntoBytes,
Dst: FromBytes + IntoBytes,
{
static_assert!(Src, Dst => mem::size_of::<Dst>() == mem::size_of::<Src>());
static_assert!(Src, Dst => mem::align_of::<Dst>() <= mem::align_of::<Src>());
let src: *mut Src = self.0; let dst = src.cast::<Dst>(); // SAFETY: // - We know that it is sound to view the target type of the input // reference (`Src`) as the target type of the output reference // (`Dst`) and vice-versa because `Src: FromBytes + IntoBytes`, `Dst: // FromBytes + IntoBytes`, and (as asserted above) `size_of::<Src>() // == size_of::<Dst>()`. // - We asserted above that alignment will not increase. // - We know that the returned lifetime will not outlive the input // lifetime thanks to the lifetime bounds on this function. unsafe { &mut *dst }
}
}
#[inline(always)] fn transmute_ref(self) -> &'a Dst {
static_assert!(Src: ?Sized + KnownLayout, Dst: ?Sized + KnownLayout => {
Src::LAYOUT.align.get() >= Dst::LAYOUT.align.get()
}, "cannot transmute reference when destination type has higher alignment than source type");
// SAFETY: We only use `S` as `S<Src>` and `D` as `D<Dst>`. unsafe {
unsafe_with_size_eq!(<S<Src>, D<Dst>> { let ptr = Ptr::from_ref(self.0)
.transmute::<S<Src>, invariant::Valid, BecauseImmutable>()
.recall_validity::<invariant::Initialized, _>()
.transmute::<D<Dst>, invariant::Initialized, (crate::pointer::BecauseMutationCompatible, _)>()
.recall_validity::<invariant::Valid, _>();
#[allow(unused_unsafe)] // SAFETY: The preceding `static_assert!` ensures that // `T::LAYOUT.align >= U::LAYOUT.align`. Since `self.0` is // validly-aligned for `T`, it is also validly-aligned for `U`. let ptr = unsafe { ptr.assume_alignment() };
#[inline(always)] fn transmute_mut(self) -> &'a mut Dst {
static_assert!(Src: ?Sized + KnownLayout, Dst: ?Sized + KnownLayout => {
Src::LAYOUT.align.get() >= Dst::LAYOUT.align.get()
}, "cannot transmute reference when destination type has higher alignment than source type");
// SAFETY: We only use `S` as `S<Src>` and `D` as `D<Dst>`. unsafe {
unsafe_with_size_eq!(<S<Src>, D<Dst>> { let ptr = Ptr::from_mut(self.0)
.transmute::<S<Src>, invariant::Valid, _>()
.recall_validity::<invariant::Initialized, (_, (_, _))>()
.transmute::<D<Dst>, invariant::Initialized, _>()
.recall_validity::<invariant::Valid, (_, (_, _))>();
#[allow(unused_unsafe)] // SAFETY: The preceding `static_assert!` ensures that // `T::LAYOUT.align >= U::LAYOUT.align`. Since `self.0` is // validly-aligned for `T`, it is also validly-aligned for `U`. let ptr = unsafe { ptr.assume_alignment() };
&mut ptr.as_mut().0
})
}
}
}
/// A function which emits a warning if its return value is not used. #[must_use] #[inline(always)] pubconstfn must_use<T>(t: T) -> T {
t
}
// NOTE: We can't change this to a `pub use core as core_reexport` until [1] is // fixed or we update to a semver-breaking version (as of this writing, 0.8.0) // on the `main` branch. // // [1] https://github.com/obi1kenobi/cargo-semver-checks/issues/573 pubmod core_reexport { pubuse core::*;
pubmod mem { pubuse core::mem::*;
}
}
#[cfg(test)] mod tests { usesuper::*; usecrate::util::testutil::*;
// FIXME(#29), FIXME(https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/69835): Remove // this `cfg` when `size_of_val_raw` is stabilized. #[allow(clippy::decimal_literal_representation)] #[cfg(__ZEROCOPY_INTERNAL_USE_ONLY_NIGHTLY_FEATURES_IN_TESTS)] #[test] fn test_align_of_dst() { // Test that `align_of!` correctly computes the alignment of DSTs.
assert_eq!(align_of!([elain::Align<1>]), Some(1));
assert_eq!(align_of!([elain::Align<2>]), Some(2));
assert_eq!(align_of!([elain::Align<4>]), Some(4));
assert_eq!(align_of!([elain::Align<8>]), Some(8));
assert_eq!(align_of!([elain::Align<16>]), Some(16));
assert_eq!(align_of!([elain::Align<32>]), Some(32));
assert_eq!(align_of!([elain::Align<64>]), Some(64));
assert_eq!(align_of!([elain::Align<128>]), Some(128));
assert_eq!(align_of!([elain::Align<256>]), Some(256));
assert_eq!(align_of!([elain::Align<512>]), Some(512));
assert_eq!(align_of!([elain::Align<1024>]), Some(1024));
assert_eq!(align_of!([elain::Align<2048>]), Some(2048));
assert_eq!(align_of!([elain::Align<4096>]), Some(4096));
assert_eq!(align_of!([elain::Align<8192>]), Some(8192));
assert_eq!(align_of!([elain::Align<16384>]), Some(16384));
assert_eq!(align_of!([elain::Align<32768>]), Some(32768));
assert_eq!(align_of!([elain::Align<65536>]), Some(65536)); /* Alignments above 65536 are not yet supported. assert_eq!(align_of!([elain::Align<131072>]),Some(131072)); assert_eq!(align_of!([elain::Align<262144>]),Some(262144)); assert_eq!(align_of!([elain::Align<524288>]),Some(524288)); assert_eq!(align_of!([elain::Align<1048576>]),Some(1048576)); assert_eq!(align_of!([elain::Align<2097152>]),Some(2097152)); assert_eq!(align_of!([elain::Align<4194304>]),Some(4194304)); assert_eq!(align_of!([elain::Align<8388608>]),Some(8388608)); assert_eq!(align_of!([elain::Align<16777216>]),Some(16777216)); assert_eq!(align_of!([elain::Align<33554432>]),Some(33554432)); assert_eq!(align_of!([elain::Align<67108864>]),Some(67108864)); assert_eq!(align_of!([elain::Align<33554432>]),Some(33554432)); assert_eq!(align_of!([elain::Align<134217728>]),Some(134217728)); assert_eq!(align_of!([elain::Align<268435456>]),Some(268435456));
*/
}
#[test] fn test_enum_casts() { // Test that casting the variants of enums with signed integer reprs to // unsigned integers obeys expected signed -> unsigned casting rules.
#[repr(i8)] enum ReprI8 {
MinusOne = -1,
Zero = 0,
Min = i8::MIN,
Max = i8::MAX,
}
#[allow(clippy::as_conversions)] let x = ReprI8::MinusOne as u8;
assert_eq!(x, u8::MAX);
#[allow(clippy::as_conversions)] let x = ReprI8::Zero as u8;
assert_eq!(x, 0);
#[allow(clippy::as_conversions)] let x = ReprI8::Min as u8;
assert_eq!(x, 128);
#[allow(clippy::as_conversions)] let x = ReprI8::Max as u8;
assert_eq!(x, 127);
}
test!(#[repr(C)] (u8, AU64) => 7); // Rust won't let you put `#[repr(packed)]` on a type which contains a // `#[repr(align(n > 1))]` type (`AU64`), so we have to use `u64` here. // It's not ideal, but it definitely has align > 1 on /some/ of our CI // targets, and this isn't a particularly complex macro we're testing // anyway.
test!(#[repr(packed)] (u8, u64) => 0);
}
#[test] fn test_repr_c_struct_padding() { // Test that, for each provided repr, `repr_c_struct_padding!` reports // the expected value.
macro_rules! test {
(($($ts:tt),*) => $expect:expr) => {{ #[repr(C)] #[allow(dead_code)] struct Test($($ts),*);
assert_eq!(repr_c_struct_has_padding!(Test, [$($ts),*]), $expect);
}};
}
// Rust won't let you put `#[repr(packed)]` on a type which contains a // `#[repr(align(n > 1))]` type (`AU64`), so we have to use `u64` here. // It's not ideal, but it definitely has align > 1 on /some/ of our CI // targets, and this isn't a particularly complex macro we're testing // anyway.
test!(#[repr(C)] #[repr(packed)] {a: u8, b: u64} => 7);
}
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