Quelle iversion.h
Sprache: C
/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
#ifndef _LINUX_IVERSION_H
#define _LINUX_IVERSION_H
#include <linux/fs.h>
/*
* The inode - > i_version field :
* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
* The change attribute ( i_version ) is mandated by NFSv4 and is mostly for
* knfsd , but is also used for other purposes ( e . g . IMA ) . The i_version must
* appear larger to observers if there was an explicit change to the inode ' s
* data or metadata since it was last queried .
*
* An explicit change is one that would ordinarily result in a change to the
* inode status change time ( aka ctime ) . i_version must appear to change , even
* if the ctime does not ( since the whole point is to avoid missing updates due
* to timestamp granularity ) . If POSIX or other relevant spec mandates that the
* ctime must change due to an operation , then the i_version counter must be
* incremented as well .
*
* Making the i_version update completely atomic with the operation itself would
* be prohibitively expensive . Traditionally the kernel has updated the times on
* directories after an operation that changes its contents . For regular files ,
* the ctime is usually updated before the data is copied into the cache for a
* write . This means that there is a window of time when an observer can
* associate a new timestamp with old file contents . Since the purpose of the
* i_version is to allow for better cache coherency , the i_version must always
* be updated after the results of the operation are visible . Updating it before
* and after a change is also permitted . ( Note that no filesystems currently do
* this . Fixing that is a work - in - progress ) .
*
* Observers see the i_version as a 64 - bit number that never decreases . If it
* remains the same since it was last checked , then nothing has changed in the
* inode . If it ' s different then something has changed . Observers cannot infer
* anything about the nature or magnitude of the changes from the value , only
* that the inode has changed in some fashion .
*
* Not all filesystems properly implement the i_version counter . Subsystems that
* want to use i_version field on an inode should first check whether the
* filesystem sets the SB_I_VERSION flag ( usually via the IS_I_VERSION macro ) .
*
* Those that set SB_I_VERSION will automatically have their i_version counter
* incremented on writes to normal files . If the SB_I_VERSION is not set , then
* the VFS will not touch it on writes , and the filesystem can use it how it
* wishes . Note that the filesystem is always responsible for updating the
* i_version on namespace changes in directories ( mkdir , rmdir , unlink , etc . ) .
* We consider these sorts of filesystems to have a kernel - managed i_version .
*
* It may be impractical for filesystems to keep i_version updates atomic with
* respect to the changes that cause them . They should , however , guarantee
* that i_version updates are never visible before the changes that caused
* them . Also , i_version updates should never be delayed longer than it takes
* the original change to reach disk .
*
* This implementation uses the low bit in the i_version field as a flag to
* track when the value has been queried . If it has not been queried since it
* was last incremented , we can skip the increment in most cases .
*
* In the event that we ' re updating the ctime , we will usually go ahead and
* bump the i_version anyway . Since that has to go to stable storage in some
* fashion , we might as well increment it as well .
*
* With this implementation , the value should always appear to observers to
* increase over time if the file has changed . It ' s recommended to use
* inode_eq_iversion ( ) helper to compare values .
*
* Note that some filesystems ( e . g . NFS and AFS ) just use the field to store
* a server - provided value ( for the most part ) . For that reason , those
* filesystems do not set SB_I_VERSION . These filesystems are considered to
* have a self - managed i_version .
*
* Persistently storing the i_version
* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
* Queries of the i_version field are not gated on them hitting the backing
* store . It ' s always possible that the host could crash after allowing
* a query of the value but before it has made it to disk .
*
* To mitigate this problem , filesystems should always use
* inode_set_iversion_queried when loading an existing inode from disk . This
* ensures that the next attempted inode increment will result in the value
* changing .
*
* Storing the value to disk therefore does not count as a query , so those
* filesystems should use inode_peek_iversion to grab the value to be stored .
* There is no need to flag the value as having been queried in that case .
*/
/*
* We borrow the lowest bit in the i_version to use as a flag to tell whether
* it has been queried since we last incremented it . If it has , then we must
* increment it on the next change . After that , we can clear the flag and
* avoid incrementing it again until it has again been queried .
*/
#define I_VERSION_QUERIED_SHIFT (1 )
#define I_VERSION_QUERIED (1 ULL << (I_VERSION_QUERIED_SHIFT - 1 ))
#define I_VERSION_INCREMENT (1 ULL << I_VERSION_QUERIED_SHIFT)
/**
* inode_set_iversion_raw - set i_version to the specified raw value
* @ inode : inode to set
* @ val : new i_version value to set
*
* Set @ inode ' s i_version field to @ val . This function is for use by
* filesystems that self - manage the i_version .
*
* For example , the NFS client stores its NFSv4 change attribute in this way ,
* and the AFS client stores the data_version from the server here .
*/
static inline void
inode_set_iversion_raw(struct inode *inode, u64 val)
{
atomic64_set(&inode->i_version, val);
}
/**
* inode_peek_iversion_raw - grab a " raw " iversion value
* @ inode : inode from which i_version should be read
*
* Grab a " raw " inode - > i_version value and return it . The i_version is not
* flagged or converted in any way . This is mostly used to access a self - managed
* i_version .
*
* With those filesystems , we want to treat the i_version as an entirely
* opaque value .
*/
static inline u64
inode_peek_iversion_raw(const struct inode *inode)
{
return atomic64_read(&inode->i_version);
}
/**
* inode_set_max_iversion_raw - update i_version new value is larger
* @ inode : inode to set
* @ val : new i_version to set
*
* Some self - managed filesystems ( e . g Ceph ) will only update the i_version
* value if the new value is larger than the one we already have .
*/
static inline void
inode_set_max_iversion_raw(struct inode *inode, u64 val)
{
u64 cur = inode_peek_iversion_raw(inode);
do {
if (cur > val)
break ;
} while (!atomic64_try_cmpxchg(&inode->i_version, &cur, val));
}
/**
* inode_set_iversion - set i_version to a particular value
* @ inode : inode to set
* @ val : new i_version value to set
*
* Set @ inode ' s i_version field to @ val . This function is for filesystems with
* a kernel - managed i_version , for initializing a newly - created inode from
* scratch .
*
* In this case , we do not set the QUERIED flag since we know that this value
* has never been queried .
*/
static inline void
inode_set_iversion(struct inode *inode, u64 val)
{
inode_set_iversion_raw(inode, val << I_VERSION_QUERIED_SHIFT);
}
/**
* inode_set_iversion_queried - set i_version to a particular value as quereied
* @ inode : inode to set
* @ val : new i_version value to set
*
* Set @ inode ' s i_version field to @ val , and flag it for increment on the next
* change .
*
* Filesystems that persistently store the i_version on disk should use this
* when loading an existing inode from disk .
*
* When loading in an i_version value from a backing store , we can ' t be certain
* that it wasn ' t previously viewed before being stored . Thus , we must assume
* that it was , to ensure that we don ' t end up handing out the same value for
* different versions of the same inode .
*/
static inline void
inode_set_iversion_queried(struct inode *inode, u64 val)
{
inode_set_iversion_raw(inode, (val << I_VERSION_QUERIED_SHIFT) |
I_VERSION_QUERIED);
}
bool inode_maybe_inc_iversion(struct inode *inode, bool force);
/**
* inode_inc_iversion - forcibly increment i_version
* @ inode : inode that needs to be updated
*
* Forcbily increment the i_version field . This always results in a change to
* the observable value .
*/
static inline void
inode_inc_iversion(struct inode *inode)
{
inode_maybe_inc_iversion(inode, true );
}
/**
* inode_iversion_need_inc - is the i_version in need of being incremented ?
* @ inode : inode to check
*
* Returns whether the inode - > i_version counter needs incrementing on the next
* change . Just fetch the value and check the QUERIED flag .
*/
static inline bool
inode_iversion_need_inc(struct inode *inode)
{
return inode_peek_iversion_raw(inode) & I_VERSION_QUERIED;
}
/**
* inode_inc_iversion_raw - forcibly increment raw i_version
* @ inode : inode that needs to be updated
*
* Forcbily increment the raw i_version field . This always results in a change
* to the raw value .
*
* NFS will use the i_version field to store the value from the server . It
* mostly treats it as opaque , but in the case where it holds a write
* delegation , it must increment the value itself . This function does that .
*/
static inline void
inode_inc_iversion_raw(struct inode *inode)
{
atomic64_inc(&inode->i_version);
}
/**
* inode_peek_iversion - read i_version without flagging it to be incremented
* @ inode : inode from which i_version should be read
*
* Read the inode i_version counter for an inode without registering it as a
* query .
*
* This is typically used by local filesystems that need to store an i_version
* on disk . In that situation , it ' s not necessary to flag it as having been
* viewed , as the result won ' t be used to gauge changes from that point .
*/
static inline u64
inode_peek_iversion(const struct inode *inode)
{
return inode_peek_iversion_raw(inode) >> I_VERSION_QUERIED_SHIFT;
}
/*
* For filesystems without any sort of change attribute , the best we can
* do is fake one up from the ctime :
*/
static inline u64 time_to_chattr(const struct timespec64 *t)
{
u64 chattr = t->tv_sec;
chattr <<= 32 ;
chattr += t->tv_nsec;
return chattr;
}
u64 inode_query_iversion(struct inode *inode);
/**
* inode_eq_iversion_raw - check whether the raw i_version counter has changed
* @ inode : inode to check
* @ old : old value to check against its i_version
*
* Compare the current raw i_version counter with a previous one . Returns true
* if they are the same or false if they are different .
*/
static inline bool
inode_eq_iversion_raw(const struct inode *inode, u64 old)
{
return inode_peek_iversion_raw(inode) == old;
}
/**
* inode_eq_iversion - check whether the i_version counter has changed
* @ inode : inode to check
* @ old : old value to check against its i_version
*
* Compare an i_version counter with a previous one . Returns true if they are
* the same , and false if they are different .
*
* Note that we don ' t need to set the QUERIED flag in this case , as the value
* in the inode is not being recorded for later use .
*/
static inline bool
inode_eq_iversion(const struct inode *inode, u64 old)
{
return inode_peek_iversion(inode) == old;
}
#endif
Messung V0.5 in Prozent C=96 H=93 G=94
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*© Formatika GbR, Deutschland
2026-10-11
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