Quelle acct.c
Sprache: C
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
/*
* linux / kernel / acct . c
*
* BSD Process Accounting for Linux
*
* Author : Marco van Wieringen < mvw @ planets . elm . net >
*
* Some code based on ideas and code from :
* Thomas K . Dyas < tdyas @ eden . rutgers . edu >
*
* This file implements BSD - style process accounting . Whenever any
* process exits , an accounting record of type " struct acct " is
* written to the file specified with the acct ( ) system call . It is
* up to user - level programs to do useful things with the accounting
* log . The kernel just provides the raw accounting information .
*
* ( C ) Copyright 1995 - 1997 Marco van Wieringen - ELM Consultancy B . V .
*
* Plugged two leaks . 1 ) It didn ' t return acct_file into the free_filps if
* the file happened to be read - only . 2 ) If the accounting was suspended
* due to the lack of space it happily allowed to reopen it and completely
* lost the old acct_file . 3 / 10 / 98 , Al Viro .
*
* Now we silently close acct_file on attempt to reopen . Cleaned sys_acct ( ) .
* XTerms and EMACS are manifestations of pure evil . 21 / 10 / 98 , AV .
*
* Fixed a nasty interaction with sys_umount ( ) . If the accounting
* was suspeneded we failed to stop it on umount ( ) . Messy .
* Another one : remount to readonly didn ' t stop accounting .
* Question : what should we do if we have CAP_SYS_ADMIN but not
* CAP_SYS_PACCT ? Current code does the following : umount returns - EBUSY
* unless we are messing with the root . In that case we are getting a
* real mess with do_remount_sb ( ) . 9 / 11 / 98 , AV .
*
* Fixed a bunch of races ( and pair of leaks ) . Probably not the best way ,
* but this one obviously doesn ' t introduce deadlocks . Later . BTW , found
* one race ( and leak ) in BSD implementation .
* OK , that ' s better . ANOTHER race and leak in BSD variant . There always
* is one more bug . . . 10 / 11 / 98 , AV .
*
* Oh , fsck . . . Oopsable SMP race in do_process_acct ( ) - we must hold
* - > mmap_lock to walk the vma list of current - > mm . Nasty , since it leaks
* a struct file opened for write . Fixed . 2 / 6 / 2000 , AV .
*/
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/acct.h>
#include <linux/capability.h>
#include <linux/file.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
#include <linux/security.h>
#include <linux/vfs.h>
#include <linux/jiffies.h>
#include <linux/times.h>
#include <linux/syscalls.h>
#include <linux/mount.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/sched/cputime.h>
#include <asm /div64.h>
#include <linux/pid_namespace.h>
#include <linux/fs_pin.h>
/*
* These constants control the amount of freespace that suspend and
* resume the process accounting system , and the time delay between
* each check .
* Turned into sysctl - controllable parameters . AV , 12 / 11 / 98
*/
static int acct_parm[3 ] = {4 , 2 , 30 };
#define RESUME (acct_parm[0 ]) /* >foo% free space - resume */
#define SUSPEND (acct_parm[1 ]) /* <foo% free space - suspend */
#define ACCT_TIMEOUT (acct_parm[2 ]) /* foo second timeout between checks */
#ifdef CONFIG_SYSCTL
static const struct ctl_table kern_acct_table[] = {
{
.procname = "acct" ,
.data = &acct_parm,
.maxlen = 3 *sizeof (int ),
.mode = 0644 ,
.proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
},
};
static __init int kernel_acct_sysctls_init(void )
{
register_sysctl_init("kernel" , kern_acct_table);
return 0 ;
}
late_initcall(kernel_acct_sysctls_init);
#endif /* CONFIG_SYSCTL */
/*
* External references and all of the globals .
*/
struct bsd_acct_struct {
struct fs_pin pin;
atomic_long_t count;
struct rcu_head rcu;
struct mutex lock;
bool active;
bool check_space;
unsigned long needcheck;
struct file *file;
struct pid_namespace *ns;
struct work_struct work;
struct completion done;
acct_t ac;
};
static void fill_ac(struct bsd_acct_struct *acct);
static void acct_write_process(struct bsd_acct_struct *acct);
/*
* Check the amount of free space and suspend / resume accordingly .
*/
static bool check_free_space(struct bsd_acct_struct *acct)
{
struct kstatfs sbuf;
if (!acct->check_space)
return acct->active;
/* May block */
if (vfs_statfs(&acct->file->f_path, &sbuf))
return acct->active;
if (acct->active) {
u64 suspend = sbuf.f_blocks * SUSPEND;
do_div(suspend, 100 );
if (sbuf.f_bavail <= suspend) {
acct->active = false ;
pr_info("Process accounting paused\n" );
}
} else {
u64 resume = sbuf.f_blocks * RESUME;
do_div(resume, 100 );
if (sbuf.f_bavail >= resume) {
acct->active = true ;
pr_info("Process accounting resumed\n" );
}
}
acct->needcheck = jiffies + ACCT_TIMEOUT*HZ;
return acct->active;
}
static void acct_put(struct bsd_acct_struct *p)
{
if (atomic_long_dec_and_test(&p->count))
kfree_rcu(p, rcu);
}
static inline struct bsd_acct_struct *to_acct(struct fs_pin *p)
{
return p ? container_of(p, struct bsd_acct_struct, pin) : NULL;
}
static struct bsd_acct_struct *acct_get(struct pid_namespace *ns)
{
struct bsd_acct_struct *res;
again:
smp_rmb();
rcu_read_lock();
res = to_acct(READ_ONCE(ns->bacct));
if (!res) {
rcu_read_unlock();
return NULL;
}
if (!atomic_long_inc_not_zero(&res->count)) {
rcu_read_unlock();
cpu_relax();
goto again;
}
rcu_read_unlock();
mutex_lock(&res->lock);
if (res != to_acct(READ_ONCE(ns->bacct))) {
mutex_unlock(&res->lock);
acct_put(res);
goto again;
}
return res;
}
static void acct_pin_kill(struct fs_pin *pin)
{
struct bsd_acct_struct *acct = to_acct(pin);
mutex_lock(&acct->lock);
/*
* Fill the accounting struct with the exiting task ' s info
* before punting to the workqueue .
*/
fill_ac(acct);
schedule_work(&acct->work);
wait_for_completion(&acct->done);
cmpxchg(&acct->ns->bacct, pin, NULL);
mutex_unlock(&acct->lock);
pin_remove(pin);
acct_put(acct);
}
static void close_work(struct work_struct *work)
{
struct bsd_acct_struct *acct = container_of(work, struct bsd_acct_struct, work);
struct file *file = acct->file;
/* We were fired by acct_pin_kill() which holds acct->lock. */
acct_write_process(acct);
if (file->f_op->flush)
file->f_op->flush(file, NULL);
__fput_sync(file);
complete(&acct->done);
}
static int acct_on(struct filename *pathname)
{
struct file *file;
struct vfsmount *mnt, *internal;
struct pid_namespace *ns = task_active_pid_ns(current);
struct bsd_acct_struct *acct;
struct fs_pin *old;
int err;
acct = kzalloc(sizeof (struct bsd_acct_struct), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!acct)
return -ENOMEM;
/* Difference from BSD - they don't do O_APPEND */
file = file_open_name(pathname, O_WRONLY|O_APPEND|O_LARGEFILE, 0 );
if (IS_ERR(file)) {
kfree(acct);
return PTR_ERR(file);
}
if (!S_ISREG(file_inode(file)->i_mode)) {
kfree(acct);
filp_close(file, NULL);
return -EACCES;
}
/* Exclude kernel kernel internal filesystems. */
if (file_inode(file)->i_sb->s_flags & (SB_NOUSER | SB_KERNMOUNT)) {
kfree(acct);
filp_close(file, NULL);
return -EINVAL;
}
/* Exclude procfs and sysfs. */
if (file_inode(file)->i_sb->s_iflags & SB_I_USERNS_VISIBLE) {
kfree(acct);
filp_close(file, NULL);
return -EINVAL;
}
if (!(file->f_mode & FMODE_CAN_WRITE)) {
kfree(acct);
filp_close(file, NULL);
return -EIO;
}
internal = mnt_clone_internal(&file->f_path);
if (IS_ERR(internal)) {
kfree(acct);
filp_close(file, NULL);
return PTR_ERR(internal);
}
err = mnt_get_write_access(internal);
if (err) {
mntput(internal);
kfree(acct);
filp_close(file, NULL);
return err;
}
mnt = file->f_path.mnt;
file->f_path.mnt = internal;
atomic_long_set(&acct->count, 1 );
init_fs_pin(&acct->pin, acct_pin_kill);
acct->file = file;
acct->needcheck = jiffies;
acct->ns = ns;
mutex_init(&acct->lock);
INIT_WORK(&acct->work, close_work);
init_completion(&acct->done);
mutex_lock_nested(&acct->lock, 1 ); /* nobody has seen it yet */
pin_insert(&acct->pin, mnt);
rcu_read_lock();
old = xchg(&ns->bacct, &acct->pin);
mutex_unlock(&acct->lock);
pin_kill(old);
mnt_put_write_access(mnt);
mntput(mnt);
return 0 ;
}
static DEFINE_MUTEX(acct_on_mutex);
/**
* sys_acct - enable / disable process accounting
* @ name : file name for accounting records or NULL to shutdown accounting
*
* sys_acct ( ) is the only system call needed to implement process
* accounting . It takes the name of the file where accounting records
* should be written . If the filename is NULL , accounting will be
* shutdown .
*
* Returns : 0 for success or negative errno values for failure .
*/
SYSCALL_DEFINE1(acct, const char __user *, name)
{
int error = 0 ;
if (!capable(CAP_SYS_PACCT))
return -EPERM;
if (name) {
struct filename *tmp = getname(name);
if (IS_ERR(tmp))
return PTR_ERR(tmp);
mutex_lock(&acct_on_mutex);
error = acct_on(tmp);
mutex_unlock(&acct_on_mutex);
putname(tmp);
} else {
rcu_read_lock();
pin_kill(task_active_pid_ns(current)->bacct);
}
return error;
}
void acct_exit_ns(struct pid_namespace *ns)
{
rcu_read_lock();
pin_kill(ns->bacct);
}
/*
* encode an u64 into a comp_t
*
* This routine has been adopted from the encode_comp_t ( ) function in
* the kern_acct . c file of the FreeBSD operating system . The encoding
* is a 13 - bit fraction with a 3 - bit ( base 8 ) exponent .
*/
#define MANTSIZE 13 /* 13 bit mantissa. */
#define EXPSIZE 3 /* Base 8 (3 bit) exponent. */
#define MAXFRACT ((1 << MANTSIZE) - 1 ) /* Maximum fractional value. */
static comp_t encode_comp_t(u64 value)
{
int exp, rnd;
exp = rnd = 0 ;
while (value > MAXFRACT) {
rnd = value & (1 << (EXPSIZE - 1 )); /* Round up? */
value >>= EXPSIZE; /* Base 8 exponent == 3 bit shift. */
exp++;
}
/*
* If we need to round up , do it ( and handle overflow correctly ) .
*/
if (rnd && (++value > MAXFRACT)) {
value >>= EXPSIZE;
exp++;
}
if (exp > (((comp_t) ~0 U) >> MANTSIZE))
return (comp_t) ~0 U;
/*
* Clean it up and polish it off .
*/
exp <<= MANTSIZE; /* Shift the exponent into place */
exp += value; /* and add on the mantissa. */
return exp;
}
#if ACCT_VERSION == 1 || ACCT_VERSION == 2
/*
* encode an u64 into a comp2_t ( 24 bits )
*
* Format : 5 bit base 2 exponent , 20 bits mantissa .
* The leading bit of the mantissa is not stored , but implied for
* non - zero exponents .
* Largest encodable value is 50 bits .
*/
#define MANTSIZE2 20 /* 20 bit mantissa. */
#define EXPSIZE2 5 /* 5 bit base 2 exponent. */
#define MAXFRACT2 ((1 ul << MANTSIZE2) - 1 ) /* Maximum fractional value. */
#define MAXEXP2 ((1 << EXPSIZE2) - 1 ) /* Maximum exponent. */
static comp2_t encode_comp2_t(u64 value)
{
int exp, rnd;
exp = (value > (MAXFRACT2>>1 ));
rnd = 0 ;
while (value > MAXFRACT2) {
rnd = value & 1 ;
value >>= 1 ;
exp++;
}
/*
* If we need to round up , do it ( and handle overflow correctly ) .
*/
if (rnd && (++value > MAXFRACT2)) {
value >>= 1 ;
exp++;
}
if (exp > MAXEXP2) {
/* Overflow. Return largest representable number instead. */
return (1 ul << (MANTSIZE2+EXPSIZE2-1 )) - 1 ;
} else {
return (value & (MAXFRACT2>>1 )) | (exp << (MANTSIZE2-1 ));
}
}
#elif ACCT_VERSION == 3
/*
* encode an u64 into a 32 bit IEEE float
*/
static u32 encode_float(u64 value)
{
unsigned exp = 190 ;
unsigned u;
if (value == 0 )
return 0 ;
while ((s64)value > 0 ) {
value <<= 1 ;
exp--;
}
u = (u32)(value >> 40 ) & 0 x7fffffu;
return u | (exp << 23 );
}
#endif
/*
* Write an accounting entry for an exiting process
*
* The acct_process ( ) call is the workhorse of the process
* accounting system . The struct acct is built here and then written
* into the accounting file . This function should only be called from
* do_exit ( ) or when switching to a different output file .
*/
static void fill_ac(struct bsd_acct_struct *acct)
{
struct pacct_struct *pacct = ¤t->signal->pacct;
struct file *file = acct->file;
acct_t *ac = &acct->ac;
u64 elapsed, run_time;
time64_t btime;
struct tty_struct *tty;
lockdep_assert_held(&acct->lock);
if (time_is_after_jiffies(acct->needcheck)) {
acct->check_space = false ;
/* Don't fill in @ac if nothing will be written. */
if (!acct->active)
return ;
} else {
acct->check_space = true ;
}
/*
* Fill the accounting struct with the needed info as recorded
* by the different kernel functions .
*/
memset(ac, 0 , sizeof (acct_t));
ac->ac_version = ACCT_VERSION | ACCT_BYTEORDER;
strscpy(ac->ac_comm, current->comm, sizeof (ac->ac_comm));
/* calculate run_time in nsec*/
run_time = ktime_get_ns();
run_time -= current->group_leader->start_time;
/* convert nsec -> AHZ */
elapsed = nsec_to_AHZ(run_time);
#if ACCT_VERSION == 3
ac->ac_etime = encode_float(elapsed);
#else
ac->ac_etime = encode_comp_t(elapsed < (unsigned long ) -1 l ?
(unsigned long ) elapsed : (unsigned long ) -1 l);
#endif
#if ACCT_VERSION == 1 || ACCT_VERSION == 2
{
/* new enlarged etime field */
comp2_t etime = encode_comp2_t(elapsed);
ac->ac_etime_hi = etime >> 16 ;
ac->ac_etime_lo = (u16) etime;
}
#endif
do_div(elapsed, AHZ);
btime = ktime_get_real_seconds() - elapsed;
ac->ac_btime = clamp_t(time64_t, btime, 0 , U32_MAX);
#if ACCT_VERSION == 2
ac->ac_ahz = AHZ;
#endif
spin_lock_irq(¤t->sighand->siglock);
tty = current->signal->tty; /* Safe as we hold the siglock */
ac->ac_tty = tty ? old_encode_dev(tty_devnum(tty)) : 0 ;
ac->ac_utime = encode_comp_t(nsec_to_AHZ(pacct->ac_utime));
ac->ac_stime = encode_comp_t(nsec_to_AHZ(pacct->ac_stime));
ac->ac_flag = pacct->ac_flag;
ac->ac_mem = encode_comp_t(pacct->ac_mem);
ac->ac_minflt = encode_comp_t(pacct->ac_minflt);
ac->ac_majflt = encode_comp_t(pacct->ac_majflt);
ac->ac_exitcode = pacct->ac_exitcode;
spin_unlock_irq(¤t->sighand->siglock);
/* we really need to bite the bullet and change layout */
ac->ac_uid = from_kuid_munged(file->f_cred->user_ns, current_uid());
ac->ac_gid = from_kgid_munged(file->f_cred->user_ns, current_gid());
#if ACCT_VERSION == 1 || ACCT_VERSION == 2
/* backward-compatible 16 bit fields */
ac->ac_uid16 = ac->ac_uid;
ac->ac_gid16 = ac->ac_gid;
#elif ACCT_VERSION == 3
{
struct pid_namespace *ns = acct->ns;
ac->ac_pid = task_tgid_nr_ns(current, ns);
rcu_read_lock();
ac->ac_ppid = task_tgid_nr_ns(rcu_dereference(current->real_parent), ns);
rcu_read_unlock();
}
#endif
}
static void acct_write_process(struct bsd_acct_struct *acct)
{
struct file *file = acct->file;
const struct cred *cred;
acct_t *ac = &acct->ac;
/* Perform file operations on behalf of whoever enabled accounting */
cred = override_creds(file->f_cred);
/*
* First check to see if there is enough free_space to continue
* the process accounting system . Then get freeze protection . If
* the fs is frozen , just skip the write as we could deadlock
* the system otherwise .
*/
if (check_free_space(acct) && file_start_write_trylock(file)) {
/* it's been opened O_APPEND, so position is irrelevant */
loff_t pos = 0 ;
__kernel_write(file, ac, sizeof (acct_t), &pos);
file_end_write(file);
}
revert_creds(cred);
}
static void do_acct_process(struct bsd_acct_struct *acct)
{
unsigned long flim;
/* Accounting records are not subject to resource limits. */
flim = rlimit(RLIMIT_FSIZE);
current->signal->rlim[RLIMIT_FSIZE].rlim_cur = RLIM_INFINITY;
fill_ac(acct);
acct_write_process(acct);
current->signal->rlim[RLIMIT_FSIZE].rlim_cur = flim;
}
/**
* acct_collect - collect accounting information into pacct_struct
* @ exitcode : task exit code
* @ group_dead : not 0 , if this thread is the last one in the process .
*/
void acct_collect(long exitcode, int group_dead)
{
struct pacct_struct *pacct = ¤t->signal->pacct;
u64 utime, stime;
unsigned long vsize = 0 ;
if (group_dead && current->mm) {
struct mm_struct *mm = current->mm;
VMA_ITERATOR(vmi, mm, 0 );
struct vm_area_struct *vma;
mmap_read_lock(mm);
for_each_vma(vmi, vma)
vsize += vma->vm_end - vma->vm_start;
mmap_read_unlock(mm);
}
spin_lock_irq(¤t->sighand->siglock);
if (group_dead)
pacct->ac_mem = vsize / 1024 ;
if (thread_group_leader(current)) {
pacct->ac_exitcode = exitcode;
if (current->flags & PF_FORKNOEXEC)
pacct->ac_flag |= AFORK;
}
if (current->flags & PF_SUPERPRIV)
pacct->ac_flag |= ASU;
if (current->flags & PF_DUMPCORE)
pacct->ac_flag |= ACORE;
if (current->flags & PF_SIGNALED)
pacct->ac_flag |= AXSIG;
task_cputime(current, &utime, &stime);
pacct->ac_utime += utime;
pacct->ac_stime += stime;
pacct->ac_minflt += current->min_flt;
pacct->ac_majflt += current->maj_flt;
spin_unlock_irq(¤t->sighand->siglock);
}
static void slow_acct_process(struct pid_namespace *ns)
{
for ( ; ns; ns = ns->parent) {
struct bsd_acct_struct *acct = acct_get(ns);
if (acct) {
do_acct_process(acct);
mutex_unlock(&acct->lock);
acct_put(acct);
}
}
}
/**
* acct_process - handles process accounting for an exiting task
*/
void acct_process(void )
{
struct pid_namespace *ns;
/*
* This loop is safe lockless , since current is still
* alive and holds its namespace , which in turn holds
* its parent .
*/
for (ns = task_active_pid_ns(current); ns != NULL; ns = ns->parent) {
if (ns->bacct)
break ;
}
if (unlikely(ns))
slow_acct_process(ns);
}
Messung V0.5 in Prozent C=93 H=93 G=92
¤ Dauer der Verarbeitung: 0.14 Sekunden
(vorverarbeitet am 2026-09-28)
¤
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2026-10-10
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