Quelle list.c
Sprache: C
/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*
* list . c
* implementation for PostgreSQL generic list package
*
* See comments in pg_list . h .
*
*
* Portions Copyright ( c ) 1996 - 2025 , PostgreSQL Global Development Group
* Portions Copyright ( c ) 1994 , Regents of the University of California
*
*
* IDENTIFICATION
* src / backend / nodes / list . c
*
* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
*/
#include "postgres.h"
#include "common/int.h"
#include "nodes/pg_list.h"
#include "port/pg_bitutils.h"
#include "utils/memdebug.h"
#include "utils/memutils.h"
/*
* The previous List implementation , since it used a separate palloc chunk
* for each cons cell , had the property that adding or deleting list cells
* did not move the storage of other existing cells in the list . Quite a
* bit of existing code depended on that , by retaining ListCell pointers
* across such operations on a list . There is no such guarantee in this
* implementation , so instead we have debugging support that is meant to
* help flush out now - broken assumptions . Defining DEBUG_LIST_MEMORY_USAGE
* while building this file causes the List operations to forcibly move
* all cells in a list whenever a cell is added or deleted . In combination
* with MEMORY_CONTEXT_CHECKING and / or Valgrind , this can usually expose
* broken code . It ' s a bit expensive though , as there ' s many more palloc
* cycles and a lot more data - copying than in a default build .
*
* By default , we enable this when building for Valgrind .
*/
#ifdef USE_VALGRIND
#define DEBUG_LIST_MEMORY_USAGE
#endif
/* Overhead for the fixed part of a List header, measured in ListCells */
#define LIST_HEADER_OVERHEAD \
((int ) ((offsetof(List, initial_elements) - 1 ) / sizeof (ListCell) + 1 ))
/*
* Macros to simplify writing assertions about the type of a list ; a
* NIL list is considered to be an empty list of any type .
*/
#define IsPointerList(l) ((l) == NIL || IsA((l), List))
#define IsIntegerList(l) ((l) == NIL || IsA((l), IntList))
#define IsOidList(l) ((l) == NIL || IsA((l), OidList))
#define IsXidList(l) ((l) == NIL || IsA((l), XidList))
#ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
/*
* Check that the specified List is valid ( so far as we can tell ) .
*/
static void
check_list_invariants(const List *list)
{
if (list == NIL)
return ;
Assert(list->length > 0 );
Assert(list->length <= list->max_length);
Assert(list->elements != NULL);
Assert(list->type == T_List ||
list->type == T_IntList ||
list->type == T_OidList ||
list->type == T_XidList);
}
#else
#define check_list_invariants(l) ((void ) 0 )
#endif /* USE_ASSERT_CHECKING */
/*
* Return a freshly allocated List with room for at least min_size cells .
*
* Since empty non - NIL lists are invalid , new_list ( ) sets the initial length
* to min_size , effectively marking that number of cells as valid ; the caller
* is responsible for filling in their data .
*/
static List *
new_list(NodeTag type, int min_size)
{
List *newlist;
int max_size;
Assert(min_size > 0 );
/*
* We allocate all the requested cells , and possibly some more , as part of
* the same palloc request as the List header . This is a big win for the
* typical case of short fixed - length lists . It can lose if we allocate a
* moderately long list and then it gets extended ; we ' ll be wasting more
* initial_elements [ ] space than if we ' d made the header small . However ,
* rounding up the request as we do in the normal code path provides some
* defense against small extensions .
*/
#ifndef DEBUG_LIST_MEMORY_USAGE
/*
* Normally , we set up a list with some extra cells , to allow it to grow
* without a repalloc . Prefer cell counts chosen to make the total
* allocation a power - of - 2 , since palloc would round it up to that anyway .
* ( That stops being true for very large allocations , but very long lists
* are infrequent , so it doesn ' t seem worth special logic for such cases . )
*
* The minimum allocation is 8 ListCell units , providing either 4 or 5
* available ListCells depending on the machine ' s word width . Counting
* palloc ' s overhead , this uses the same amount of space as a one - cell
* list did in the old implementation , and less space for any longer list .
*
* We needn ' t worry about integer overflow ; no caller passes min_size
* that ' s more than twice the size of an existing list , so the size limits
* within palloc will ensure that we don ' t overflow here .
*/
max_size = pg_nextpower2_32(Max(8 , min_size + LIST_HEADER_OVERHEAD));
max_size -= LIST_HEADER_OVERHEAD;
#else
/*
* For debugging , don ' t allow any extra space . This forces any cell
* addition to go through enlarge_list ( ) and thus move the existing data .
*/
max_size = min_size;
#endif
newlist = (List *) palloc(offsetof(List, initial_elements) +
max_size * sizeof (ListCell));
newlist->type = type;
newlist->length = min_size;
newlist->max_length = max_size;
newlist->elements = newlist->initial_elements;
return newlist;
}
/*
* Enlarge an existing non - NIL List to have room for at least min_size cells .
*
* This does * not * update list - > length , as some callers would find that
* inconvenient . ( list - > length had better be the correct number of existing
* valid cells , though . )
*/
static void
enlarge_list(List *list, int min_size)
{
int new_max_len;
Assert(min_size > list->max_length); /* else we shouldn't be here */
#ifndef DEBUG_LIST_MEMORY_USAGE
/*
* As above , we prefer power - of - two total allocations ; but here we need
* not account for list header overhead .
*/
/* clamp the minimum value to 16, a semi-arbitrary small power of 2 */
new_max_len = pg_nextpower2_32(Max(16 , min_size));
#else
/* As above, don't allocate anything extra */
new_max_len = min_size;
#endif
if (list->elements == list->initial_elements)
{
/*
* Replace original in - line allocation with a separate palloc block .
* Ensure it is in the same memory context as the List header . ( The
* previous List implementation did not offer any guarantees about
* keeping all list cells in the same context , but it seems reasonable
* to create such a guarantee now . )
*/
list->elements = (ListCell *)
MemoryContextAlloc(GetMemoryChunkContext(list),
new_max_len * sizeof (ListCell));
memcpy(list->elements, list->initial_elements,
list->length * sizeof (ListCell));
/*
* We must not move the list header , so it ' s unsafe to try to reclaim
* the initial_elements [ ] space via repalloc . In debugging builds ,
* however , we can clear that space and / or mark it inaccessible .
* ( wipe_mem includes VALGRIND_MAKE_MEM_NOACCESS . )
*/
#ifdef CLOBBER_FREED_MEMORY
wipe_mem(list->initial_elements,
list->max_length * sizeof (ListCell));
#else
VALGRIND_MAKE_MEM_NOACCESS(list->initial_elements,
list->max_length * sizeof (ListCell));
#endif
}
else
{
#ifndef DEBUG_LIST_MEMORY_USAGE
/* Normally, let repalloc deal with enlargement */
list->elements = (ListCell *) repalloc(list->elements,
new_max_len * sizeof (ListCell));
#else
/*
* repalloc ( ) might enlarge the space in - place , which we don ' t want
* for debugging purposes , so forcibly move the data somewhere else .
*/
ListCell *newelements;
newelements = (ListCell *)
MemoryContextAlloc(GetMemoryChunkContext(list),
new_max_len * sizeof (ListCell));
memcpy(newelements, list->elements,
list->length * sizeof (ListCell));
pfree(list->elements);
list->elements = newelements;
#endif
}
list->max_length = new_max_len;
}
/*
* Convenience functions to construct short Lists from given values .
* ( These are normally invoked via the list_makeN macros . )
*/
List *
list_make1_impl(NodeTag t, ListCell datum1)
{
List *list = new_list(t, 1 );
list->elements[0 ] = datum1;
check_list_invariants(list);
return list;
}
List *
list_make2_impl(NodeTag t, ListCell datum1, ListCell datum2)
{
List *list = new_list(t, 2 );
list->elements[0 ] = datum1;
list->elements[1 ] = datum2;
check_list_invariants(list);
return list;
}
List *
list_make3_impl(NodeTag t, ListCell datum1, ListCell datum2,
ListCell datum3)
{
List *list = new_list(t, 3 );
list->elements[0 ] = datum1;
list->elements[1 ] = datum2;
list->elements[2 ] = datum3;
check_list_invariants(list);
return list;
}
List *
list_make4_impl(NodeTag t, ListCell datum1, ListCell datum2,
ListCell datum3, ListCell datum4)
{
List *list = new_list(t, 4 );
list->elements[0 ] = datum1;
list->elements[1 ] = datum2;
list->elements[2 ] = datum3;
list->elements[3 ] = datum4;
check_list_invariants(list);
return list;
}
List *
list_make5_impl(NodeTag t, ListCell datum1, ListCell datum2,
ListCell datum3, ListCell datum4, ListCell datum5)
{
List *list = new_list(t, 5 );
list->elements[0 ] = datum1;
list->elements[1 ] = datum2;
list->elements[2 ] = datum3;
list->elements[3 ] = datum4;
list->elements[4 ] = datum5;
check_list_invariants(list);
return list;
}
/*
* Make room for a new head cell in the given ( non - NIL ) list .
*
* The data in the new head cell is undefined ; the caller should be
* sure to fill it in
*/
static void
new_head_cell(List *list)
{
/* Enlarge array if necessary */
if (list->length >= list->max_length)
enlarge_list(list, list->length + 1 );
/* Now shove the existing data over */
memmove(&list->elements[1 ], &list->elements[0 ],
list->length * sizeof (ListCell));
list->length++;
}
/*
* Make room for a new tail cell in the given ( non - NIL ) list .
*
* The data in the new tail cell is undefined ; the caller should be
* sure to fill it in
*/
static void
new_tail_cell(List *list)
{
/* Enlarge array if necessary */
if (list->length >= list->max_length)
enlarge_list(list, list->length + 1 );
list->length++;
}
/*
* Append a pointer to the list . A pointer to the modified list is
* returned . Note that this function may or may not destructively
* modify the list ; callers should always use this function ' s return
* value , rather than continuing to use the pointer passed as the
* first argument .
*/
List *
lappend(List *list, void *datum)
{
Assert(IsPointerList(list));
if (list == NIL)
list = new_list(T_List, 1 );
else
new_tail_cell(list);
llast(list) = datum;
check_list_invariants(list);
return list;
}
/*
* Append an integer to the specified list . See lappend ( )
*/
List *
lappend_int(List *list, int datum)
{
Assert(IsIntegerList(list));
if (list == NIL)
list = new_list(T_IntList, 1 );
else
new_tail_cell(list);
llast_int(list) = datum;
check_list_invariants(list);
return list;
}
/*
* Append an OID to the specified list . See lappend ( )
*/
List *
lappend_oid(List *list, Oid datum)
{
Assert(IsOidList(list));
if (list == NIL)
list = new_list(T_OidList, 1 );
else
new_tail_cell(list);
llast_oid(list) = datum;
check_list_invariants(list);
return list;
}
/*
* Append a TransactionId to the specified list . See lappend ( )
*/
List *
lappend_xid(List *list, TransactionId datum)
{
Assert(IsXidList(list));
if (list == NIL)
list = new_list(T_XidList, 1 );
else
new_tail_cell(list);
llast_xid(list) = datum;
check_list_invariants(list);
return list;
}
/*
* Make room for a new cell at position ' pos ' ( measured from 0 ) .
* The data in the cell is left undefined , and must be filled in by the
* caller . ' list ' is assumed to be non - NIL , and ' pos ' must be a valid
* list position , ie , 0 < = pos < = list ' s length .
* Returns address of the new cell .
*/
static ListCell *
insert_new_cell(List *list, int pos)
{
Assert(pos >= 0 && pos <= list->length);
/* Enlarge array if necessary */
if (list->length >= list->max_length)
enlarge_list(list, list->length + 1 );
/* Now shove the existing data over */
if (pos < list->length)
memmove(&list->elements[pos + 1 ], &list->elements[pos],
(list->length - pos) * sizeof (ListCell));
list->length++;
return &list->elements[pos];
}
/*
* Insert the given datum at position ' pos ' ( measured from 0 ) in the list .
* ' pos ' must be valid , ie , 0 < = pos < = list ' s length .
*
* Note that this takes time proportional to the distance to the end of the
* list , since the following entries must be moved .
*/
List *
list_insert_nth(List *list, int pos, void *datum)
{
if (list == NIL)
{
Assert(pos == 0 );
return list_make1(datum);
}
Assert(IsPointerList(list));
lfirst(insert_new_cell(list, pos)) = datum;
check_list_invariants(list);
return list;
}
List *
list_insert_nth_int(List *list, int pos, int datum)
{
if (list == NIL)
{
Assert(pos == 0 );
return list_make1_int(datum);
}
Assert(IsIntegerList(list));
lfirst_int(insert_new_cell(list, pos)) = datum;
check_list_invariants(list);
return list;
}
List *
list_insert_nth_oid(List *list, int pos, Oid datum)
{
if (list == NIL)
{
Assert(pos == 0 );
return list_make1_oid(datum);
}
Assert(IsOidList(list));
lfirst_oid(insert_new_cell(list, pos)) = datum;
check_list_invariants(list);
return list;
}
/*
* Prepend a new element to the list . A pointer to the modified list
* is returned . Note that this function may or may not destructively
* modify the list ; callers should always use this function ' s return
* value , rather than continuing to use the pointer passed as the
* second argument .
*
* Note that this takes time proportional to the length of the list ,
* since the existing entries must be moved .
*
* Caution : before Postgres 8 . 0 , the original List was unmodified and
* could be considered to retain its separate identity . This is no longer
* the case .
*/
List *
lcons(void *datum, List *list)
{
Assert(IsPointerList(list));
if (list == NIL)
list = new_list(T_List, 1 );
else
new_head_cell(list);
linitial(list) = datum;
check_list_invariants(list);
return list;
}
/*
* Prepend an integer to the list . See lcons ( )
*/
List *
lcons_int(int datum, List *list)
{
Assert(IsIntegerList(list));
if (list == NIL)
list = new_list(T_IntList, 1 );
else
new_head_cell(list);
linitial_int(list) = datum;
check_list_invariants(list);
return list;
}
/*
* Prepend an OID to the list . See lcons ( )
*/
List *
lcons_oid(Oid datum, List *list)
{
Assert(IsOidList(list));
if (list == NIL)
list = new_list(T_OidList, 1 );
else
new_head_cell(list);
linitial_oid(list) = datum;
check_list_invariants(list);
return list;
}
/*
* Concatenate list2 to the end of list1 , and return list1 .
*
* This is equivalent to lappend ' ing each element of list2 , in order , to list1 .
* list1 is destructively changed , list2 is not . ( However , in the case of
* pointer lists , list1 and list2 will point to the same structures . )
*
* Callers should be sure to use the return value as the new pointer to the
* concatenated list : the ' list1 ' input pointer may or may not be the same
* as the returned pointer .
*
* Note that this takes at least time proportional to the length of list2 .
* It ' d typically be the case that we have to enlarge list1 ' s storage ,
* probably adding time proportional to the length of list1 .
*/
List *
list_concat(List *list1, const List *list2)
{
int new_len;
if (list1 == NIL)
return list_copy(list2);
if (list2 == NIL)
return list1;
Assert(list1->type == list2->type);
new_len = list1->length + list2->length;
/* Enlarge array if necessary */
if (new_len > list1->max_length)
enlarge_list(list1, new_len);
/* Even if list1 == list2, using memcpy should be safe here */
memcpy(&list1->elements[list1->length], &list2->elements[0 ],
list2->length * sizeof (ListCell));
list1->length = new_len;
check_list_invariants(list1);
return list1;
}
/*
* Form a new list by concatenating the elements of list1 and list2 .
*
* Neither input list is modified . ( However , if they are pointer lists ,
* the output list will point to the same structures . )
*
* This is equivalent to , but more efficient than ,
* list_concat ( list_copy ( list1 ) , list2 ) .
* Note that some pre - v13 code might list_copy list2 as well , but that ' s
* pointless now .
*/
List *
list_concat_copy(const List *list1, const List *list2)
{
List *result;
int new_len;
if (list1 == NIL)
return list_copy(list2);
if (list2 == NIL)
return list_copy(list1);
Assert(list1->type == list2->type);
new_len = list1->length + list2->length;
result = new_list(list1->type, new_len);
memcpy(result->elements, list1->elements,
list1->length * sizeof (ListCell));
memcpy(result->elements + list1->length, list2->elements,
list2->length * sizeof (ListCell));
check_list_invariants(result);
return result;
}
/*
* Truncate ' list ' to contain no more than ' new_size ' elements . This
* modifies the list in - place ! Despite this , callers should use the
* pointer returned by this function to refer to the newly truncated
* list - - it may or may not be the same as the pointer that was
* passed .
*
* Note that any cells removed by list_truncate ( ) are NOT pfree ' d .
*/
List *
list_truncate(List *list, int new_size)
{
if (new_size <= 0 )
return NIL; /* truncate to zero length */
/* If asked to effectively extend the list, do nothing */
if (new_size < list_length(list))
list->length = new_size;
/*
* Note : unlike the individual - list - cell deletion functions , we don ' t move
* the list cells to new storage , even in DEBUG_LIST_MEMORY_USAGE mode .
* This is because none of them can move in this operation , so just like
* in the old cons - cell - based implementation , this function doesn ' t
* invalidate any pointers to cells of the list . This is also the reason
* for not wiping the memory of the deleted cells : the old code didn ' t
* free them either . Perhaps later we ' ll tighten this up .
*/
return list;
}
/*
* Return true iff ' datum ' is a member of the list . Equality is
* determined via equal ( ) , so callers should ensure that they pass a
* Node as ' datum ' .
*
* This does a simple linear search - - - avoid using it on long lists .
*/
bool
list_member(const List *list, const void *datum)
{
const ListCell *cell;
Assert(IsPointerList(list));
check_list_invariants(list);
foreach(cell, list)
{
if (equal(lfirst(cell), datum))
return true;
}
return false;
}
/*
* Return true iff ' datum ' is a member of the list . Equality is
* determined by using simple pointer comparison .
*/
bool
list_member_ptr(const List *list, const void *datum)
{
const ListCell *cell;
Assert(IsPointerList(list));
check_list_invariants(list);
foreach(cell, list)
{
if (lfirst(cell) == datum)
return true;
}
return false;
}
/*
* Return true iff the integer ' datum ' is a member of the list .
*/
bool
list_member_int(const List *list, int datum)
{
const ListCell *cell;
Assert(IsIntegerList(list));
check_list_invariants(list);
foreach(cell, list)
{
if (lfirst_int(cell) == datum)
return true;
}
return false;
}
/*
* Return true iff the OID ' datum ' is a member of the list .
*/
bool
list_member_oid(const List *list, Oid datum)
{
const ListCell *cell;
Assert(IsOidList(list));
check_list_invariants(list);
foreach(cell, list)
{
if (lfirst_oid(cell) == datum)
return true;
}
return false;
}
/*
* Return true iff the TransactionId ' datum ' is a member of the list .
*/
bool
list_member_xid(const List *list, TransactionId datum)
{
const ListCell *cell;
Assert(IsXidList(list));
check_list_invariants(list);
foreach(cell, list)
{
if (lfirst_xid(cell) == datum)
return true;
}
return false;
}
/*
* Delete the n ' th cell ( counting from 0 ) in list .
*
* The List is pfree ' d if this was the last member .
*
* Note that this takes time proportional to the distance to the end of the
* list , since the following entries must be moved .
*/
List *
list_delete_nth_cell(List *list, int n)
{
check_list_invariants(list);
Assert(n >= 0 && n < list->length);
/*
* If we ' re about to delete the last node from the list , free the whole
* list instead and return NIL , which is the only valid representation of
* a zero - length list .
*/
if (list->length == 1 )
{
list_free(list);
return NIL;
}
/*
* Otherwise , we normally just collapse out the removed element . But for
* debugging purposes , move the whole list contents someplace else .
*
* ( Note that we * must * keep the contents in the same memory context . )
*/
#ifndef DEBUG_LIST_MEMORY_USAGE
memmove(&list->elements[n], &list->elements[n + 1 ],
(list->length - 1 - n) * sizeof (ListCell));
list->length--;
#else
{
ListCell *newelems;
int newmaxlen = list->length - 1 ;
newelems = (ListCell *)
MemoryContextAlloc(GetMemoryChunkContext(list),
newmaxlen * sizeof (ListCell));
memcpy(newelems, list->elements, n * sizeof (ListCell));
memcpy(&newelems[n], &list->elements[n + 1 ],
(list->length - 1 - n) * sizeof (ListCell));
if (list->elements != list->initial_elements)
pfree(list->elements);
else
{
/*
* As in enlarge_list ( ) , clear the initial_elements [ ] space and / or
* mark it inaccessible .
*/
#ifdef CLOBBER_FREED_MEMORY
wipe_mem(list->initial_elements,
list->max_length * sizeof (ListCell));
#else
VALGRIND_MAKE_MEM_NOACCESS(list->initial_elements,
list->max_length * sizeof (ListCell));
#endif
}
list->elements = newelems;
list->max_length = newmaxlen;
list->length--;
check_list_invariants(list);
}
#endif
return list;
}
/*
* Delete ' cell ' from ' list ' .
*
* The List is pfree ' d if this was the last member . However , we do not
* touch any data the cell might ' ve been pointing to .
*
* Note that this takes time proportional to the distance to the end of the
* list , since the following entries must be moved .
*/
List *
list_delete_cell(List *list, ListCell *cell)
{
return list_delete_nth_cell(list, cell - list->elements);
}
/*
* Delete the first cell in list that matches datum , if any .
* Equality is determined via equal ( ) .
*
* This does a simple linear search - - - avoid using it on long lists .
*/
List *
list_delete(List *list, void *datum)
{
ListCell *cell;
Assert(IsPointerList(list));
check_list_invariants(list);
foreach(cell, list)
{
if (equal(lfirst(cell), datum))
return list_delete_cell(list, cell);
}
/* Didn't find a match: return the list unmodified */
return list;
}
/* As above, but use simple pointer equality */
List *
list_delete_ptr(List *list, void *datum)
{
ListCell *cell;
Assert(IsPointerList(list));
check_list_invariants(list);
foreach(cell, list)
{
if (lfirst(cell) == datum)
return list_delete_cell(list, cell);
}
/* Didn't find a match: return the list unmodified */
return list;
}
/* As above, but for integers */
List *
list_delete_int(List *list, int datum)
{
ListCell *cell;
Assert(IsIntegerList(list));
check_list_invariants(list);
foreach(cell, list)
{
if (lfirst_int(cell) == datum)
return list_delete_cell(list, cell);
}
/* Didn't find a match: return the list unmodified */
return list;
}
/* As above, but for OIDs */
List *
list_delete_oid(List *list, Oid datum)
{
ListCell *cell;
Assert(IsOidList(list));
check_list_invariants(list);
foreach(cell, list)
{
if (lfirst_oid(cell) == datum)
return list_delete_cell(list, cell);
}
/* Didn't find a match: return the list unmodified */
return list;
}
/*
* Delete the first element of the list .
*
* This is useful to replace the Lisp - y code " list = lnext ( list ) ; " in cases
* where the intent is to alter the list rather than just traverse it .
* Beware that the list is modified , whereas the Lisp - y coding leaves
* the original list head intact in case there ' s another pointer to it .
*
* Note that this takes time proportional to the length of the list ,
* since the remaining entries must be moved . Consider reversing the
* list order so that you can use list_delete_last ( ) instead . However ,
* if that causes you to replace lappend ( ) with lcons ( ) , you haven ' t
* improved matters . ( In short , you can make an efficient stack from
* a List , but not an efficient FIFO queue . )
*/
List *
list_delete_first(List *list)
{
check_list_invariants(list);
if (list == NIL)
return NIL; /* would an error be better? */
return list_delete_nth_cell(list, 0 );
}
/*
* Delete the last element of the list .
*/
List *
list_delete_last(List *list)
{
check_list_invariants(list);
if (list == NIL)
return NIL; /* would an error be better? */
/* list_truncate won't free list if it goes to empty, but this should */
if (list_length(list) <= 1 )
{
list_free(list);
return NIL;
}
return list_truncate(list, list_length(list) - 1 );
}
/*
* Delete the first N cells of the list .
*
* The List is pfree ' d if the request causes all cells to be deleted .
*
* Note that this takes time proportional to the distance to the end of the
* list , since the following entries must be moved .
*/
List *
list_delete_first_n(List *list, int n)
{
check_list_invariants(list);
/* No-op request? */
if (n <= 0 )
return list;
/* Delete whole list? */
if (n >= list_length(list))
{
list_free(list);
return NIL;
}
/*
* Otherwise , we normally just collapse out the removed elements . But for
* debugging purposes , move the whole list contents someplace else .
*
* ( Note that we * must * keep the contents in the same memory context . )
*/
#ifndef DEBUG_LIST_MEMORY_USAGE
memmove(&list->elements[0 ], &list->elements[n],
(list->length - n) * sizeof (ListCell));
list->length -= n;
#else
{
ListCell *newelems;
int newmaxlen = list->length - n;
newelems = (ListCell *)
MemoryContextAlloc(GetMemoryChunkContext(list),
newmaxlen * sizeof (ListCell));
memcpy(newelems, &list->elements[n], newmaxlen * sizeof (ListCell));
if (list->elements != list->initial_elements)
pfree(list->elements);
else
{
/*
* As in enlarge_list ( ) , clear the initial_elements [ ] space and / or
* mark it inaccessible .
*/
#ifdef CLOBBER_FREED_MEMORY
wipe_mem(list->initial_elements,
list->max_length * sizeof (ListCell));
#else
VALGRIND_MAKE_MEM_NOACCESS(list->initial_elements,
list->max_length * sizeof (ListCell));
#endif
}
list->elements = newelems;
list->max_length = newmaxlen;
list->length = newmaxlen;
check_list_invariants(list);
}
#endif
return list;
}
/*
* Generate the union of two lists . This is calculated by copying
* list1 via list_copy ( ) , then adding to it all the members of list2
* that aren ' t already in list1 .
*
* Whether an element is already a member of the list is determined
* via equal ( ) .
*
* The returned list is newly - allocated , although the content of the
* cells is the same ( i . e . any pointed - to objects are not copied ) .
*
* NB : this function will NOT remove any duplicates that are present
* in list1 ( so it only performs a " union " if list1 is known unique to
* start with ) . Also , if you are about to write " x = list_union ( x , y ) "
* you probably want to use list_concat_unique ( ) instead to avoid wasting
* the storage of the old x list .
*
* Note that this takes time proportional to the product of the list
* lengths , so beware of using it on long lists . ( We could probably
* improve that , but really you should be using some other data structure
* if this ' d be a performance bottleneck . )
*/
List *
list_union(const List *list1, const List *list2)
{
List *result;
const ListCell *cell;
Assert(IsPointerList(list1));
Assert(IsPointerList(list2));
result = list_copy(list1);
foreach(cell, list2)
{
if (!list_member(result, lfirst(cell)))
result = lappend(result, lfirst(cell));
}
check_list_invariants(result);
return result;
}
/*
* This variant of list_union ( ) determines duplicates via simple
* pointer comparison .
*/
List *
list_union_ptr(const List *list1, const List *list2)
{
List *result;
const ListCell *cell;
Assert(IsPointerList(list1));
Assert(IsPointerList(list2));
result = list_copy(list1);
foreach(cell, list2)
{
if (!list_member_ptr(result, lfirst(cell)))
result = lappend(result, lfirst(cell));
}
check_list_invariants(result);
return result;
}
/*
* This variant of list_union ( ) operates upon lists of integers .
*/
List *
list_union_int(const List *list1, const List *list2)
{
List *result;
const ListCell *cell;
Assert(IsIntegerList(list1));
Assert(IsIntegerList(list2));
result = list_copy(list1);
foreach(cell, list2)
{
if (!list_member_int(result, lfirst_int(cell)))
result = lappend_int(result, lfirst_int(cell));
}
check_list_invariants(result);
return result;
}
/*
* This variant of list_union ( ) operates upon lists of OIDs .
*/
List *
list_union_oid(const List *list1, const List *list2)
{
List *result;
const ListCell *cell;
Assert(IsOidList(list1));
Assert(IsOidList(list2));
result = list_copy(list1);
foreach(cell, list2)
{
if (!list_member_oid(result, lfirst_oid(cell)))
result = lappend_oid(result, lfirst_oid(cell));
}
check_list_invariants(result);
return result;
}
/*
* Return a list that contains all the cells that are in both list1 and
* list2 . The returned list is freshly allocated via palloc ( ) , but the
* cells themselves point to the same objects as the cells of the
* input lists .
*
* Duplicate entries in list1 will not be suppressed , so it ' s only a true
* " intersection " if list1 is known unique beforehand .
*
* This variant works on lists of pointers , and determines list
* membership via equal ( ) . Note that the list1 member will be pointed
* to in the result .
*
* Note that this takes time proportional to the product of the list
* lengths , so beware of using it on long lists . ( We could probably
* improve that , but really you should be using some other data structure
* if this ' d be a performance bottleneck . )
*/
List *
list_intersection(const List *list1, const List *list2)
{
List *result;
const ListCell *cell;
if (list1 == NIL || list2 == NIL)
return NIL;
Assert(IsPointerList(list1));
Assert(IsPointerList(list2));
result = NIL;
foreach(cell, list1)
{
if (list_member(list2, lfirst(cell)))
result = lappend(result, lfirst(cell));
}
check_list_invariants(result);
return result;
}
/*
* As list_intersection but operates on lists of integers .
*/
List *
list_intersection_int(const List *list1, const List *list2)
{
List *result;
const ListCell *cell;
if (list1 == NIL || list2 == NIL)
return NIL;
Assert(IsIntegerList(list1));
Assert(IsIntegerList(list2));
result = NIL;
foreach(cell, list1)
{
if (list_member_int(list2, lfirst_int(cell)))
result = lappend_int(result, lfirst_int(cell));
}
check_list_invariants(result);
return result;
}
/*
* Return a list that contains all the cells in list1 that are not in
* list2 . The returned list is freshly allocated via palloc ( ) , but the
* cells themselves point to the same objects as the cells of the
* input lists .
*
* This variant works on lists of pointers , and determines list
* membership via equal ( )
*
* Note that this takes time proportional to the product of the list
* lengths , so beware of using it on long lists . ( We could probably
* improve that , but really you should be using some other data structure
* if this ' d be a performance bottleneck . )
*/
List *
list_difference(const List *list1, const List *list2)
{
const ListCell *cell;
List *result = NIL;
Assert(IsPointerList(list1));
Assert(IsPointerList(list2));
if (list2 == NIL)
return list_copy(list1);
foreach(cell, list1)
{
if (!list_member(list2, lfirst(cell)))
result = lappend(result, lfirst(cell));
}
check_list_invariants(result);
return result;
}
/*
* This variant of list_difference ( ) determines list membership via
* simple pointer equality .
*/
List *
list_difference_ptr(const List *list1, const List *list2)
{
const ListCell *cell;
List *result = NIL;
Assert(IsPointerList(list1));
Assert(IsPointerList(list2));
if (list2 == NIL)
return list_copy(list1);
foreach(cell, list1)
{
if (!list_member_ptr(list2, lfirst(cell)))
result = lappend(result, lfirst(cell));
}
check_list_invariants(result);
return result;
}
/*
* This variant of list_difference ( ) operates upon lists of integers .
*/
List *
list_difference_int(const List *list1, const List *list2)
{
const ListCell *cell;
List *result = NIL;
Assert(IsIntegerList(list1));
Assert(IsIntegerList(list2));
if (list2 == NIL)
return list_copy(list1);
foreach(cell, list1)
{
if (!list_member_int(list2, lfirst_int(cell)))
result = lappend_int(result, lfirst_int(cell));
}
check_list_invariants(result);
return result;
}
/*
* This variant of list_difference ( ) operates upon lists of OIDs .
*/
List *
list_difference_oid(const List *list1, const List *list2)
{
const ListCell *cell;
List *result = NIL;
Assert(IsOidList(list1));
Assert(IsOidList(list2));
if (list2 == NIL)
return list_copy(list1);
foreach(cell, list1)
{
if (!list_member_oid(list2, lfirst_oid(cell)))
result = lappend_oid(result, lfirst_oid(cell));
}
check_list_invariants(result);
return result;
}
/*
* Append datum to list , but only if it isn ' t already in the list .
*
* Whether an element is already a member of the list is determined
* via equal ( ) .
*
* This does a simple linear search - - - avoid using it on long lists .
*/
List *
list_append_unique(List *list, void *datum)
{
if (list_member(list, datum))
return list;
else
return lappend(list, datum);
}
/*
* This variant of list_append_unique ( ) determines list membership via
* simple pointer equality .
*/
List *
list_append_unique_ptr(List *list, void *datum)
{
if (list_member_ptr(list, datum))
return list;
else
return lappend(list, datum);
}
/*
* This variant of list_append_unique ( ) operates upon lists of integers .
*/
List *
list_append_unique_int(List *list, int datum)
{
if (list_member_int(list, datum))
return list;
else
return lappend_int(list, datum);
}
/*
* This variant of list_append_unique ( ) operates upon lists of OIDs .
*/
List *
list_append_unique_oid(List *list, Oid datum)
{
if (list_member_oid(list, datum))
return list;
else
return lappend_oid(list, datum);
}
/*
* Append to list1 each member of list2 that isn ' t already in list1 .
*
* Whether an element is already a member of the list is determined
* via equal ( ) .
*
* This is almost the same functionality as list_union ( ) , but list1 is
* modified in - place rather than being copied . However , callers of this
* function may have strict ordering expectations - - i . e . that the relative
* order of those list2 elements that are not duplicates is preserved .
*
* Note that this takes time proportional to the product of the list
* lengths , so beware of using it on long lists . ( We could probably
* improve that , but really you should be using some other data structure
* if this ' d be a performance bottleneck . )
*/
List *
list_concat_unique(List *list1, const List *list2)
{
ListCell *cell;
Assert(IsPointerList(list1));
Assert(IsPointerList(list2));
foreach(cell, list2)
{
if (!list_member(list1, lfirst(cell)))
list1 = lappend(list1, lfirst(cell));
}
check_list_invariants(list1);
return list1;
}
/*
* This variant of list_concat_unique ( ) determines list membership via
* simple pointer equality .
*/
List *
list_concat_unique_ptr(List *list1, const List *list2)
{
ListCell *cell;
Assert(IsPointerList(list1));
Assert(IsPointerList(list2));
foreach(cell, list2)
{
if (!list_member_ptr(list1, lfirst(cell)))
list1 = lappend(list1, lfirst(cell));
}
check_list_invariants(list1);
return list1;
}
/*
* This variant of list_concat_unique ( ) operates upon lists of integers .
*/
List *
list_concat_unique_int(List *list1, const List *list2)
{
ListCell *cell;
Assert(IsIntegerList(list1));
Assert(IsIntegerList(list2));
foreach(cell, list2)
{
if (!list_member_int(list1, lfirst_int(cell)))
list1 = lappend_int(list1, lfirst_int(cell));
}
check_list_invariants(list1);
return list1;
}
/*
* This variant of list_concat_unique ( ) operates upon lists of OIDs .
*/
List *
list_concat_unique_oid(List *list1, const List *list2)
{
ListCell *cell;
Assert(IsOidList(list1));
Assert(IsOidList(list2));
foreach(cell, list2)
{
if (!list_member_oid(list1, lfirst_oid(cell)))
list1 = lappend_oid(list1, lfirst_oid(cell));
}
check_list_invariants(list1);
return list1;
}
/*
* Remove adjacent duplicates in a list of OIDs .
*
* It is caller ' s responsibility to have sorted the list to bring duplicates
* together , perhaps via list_sort ( list , list_oid_cmp ) .
*
* Note that this takes time proportional to the length of the list .
*/
void
list_deduplicate_oid(List *list)
{
int len;
Assert(IsOidList(list));
len = list_length(list);
if (len > 1 )
{
ListCell *elements = list->elements;
int i = 0 ;
for (int j = 1 ; j < len; j++)
{
if (elements[i].oid_value != elements[j].oid_value)
elements[++i].oid_value = elements[j].oid_value;
}
list->length = i + 1 ;
}
check_list_invariants(list);
}
/*
* Free all storage in a list , and optionally the pointed - to elements
*/
static void
list_free_private(List *list, bool deep)
{
if (list == NIL)
return ; /* nothing to do */
check_list_invariants(list);
if (deep)
{
for (int i = 0 ; i < list->length; i++)
pfree(lfirst(&list->elements[i]));
}
if (list->elements != list->initial_elements)
pfree(list->elements);
pfree(list);
}
/*
* Free all the cells of the list , as well as the list itself . Any
* objects that are pointed - to by the cells of the list are NOT
* free ' d .
*
* On return , the argument to this function has been freed , so the
* caller would be wise to set it to NIL for safety ' s sake .
*/
void
list_free(List *list)
{
list_free_private(list, false);
}
/*
* Free all the cells of the list , the list itself , and all the
* objects pointed - to by the cells of the list ( each element in the
* list must contain a pointer to a palloc ( ) ' d region of memory ! )
*
* On return , the argument to this function has been freed , so the
* caller would be wise to set it to NIL for safety ' s sake .
*/
void
list_free_deep(List *list)
{
/*
* A " deep " free operation only makes sense on a list of pointers .
*/
Assert(IsPointerList(list));
list_free_private(list, true);
}
/*
* Return a shallow copy of the specified list .
*/
List *
list_copy(const List *oldlist)
{
List *newlist;
if (oldlist == NIL)
return NIL;
newlist = new_list(oldlist->type, oldlist->length);
memcpy(newlist->elements, oldlist->elements,
newlist->length * sizeof (ListCell));
check_list_invariants(newlist);
return newlist;
}
/*
* Return a shallow copy of the specified list containing only the first ' len '
* elements . If oldlist is shorter than ' len ' then we copy the entire list .
*/
List *
list_copy_head(const List *oldlist, int len)
{
List *newlist;
if (oldlist == NIL || len <= 0 )
return NIL;
len = Min(oldlist->length, len);
newlist = new_list(oldlist->type, len);
memcpy(newlist->elements, oldlist->elements, len * sizeof (ListCell));
check_list_invariants(newlist);
return newlist;
}
/*
* Return a shallow copy of the specified list , without the first N elements .
*/
List *
list_copy_tail(const List *oldlist, int nskip)
{
List *newlist;
if (nskip < 0 )
nskip = 0 ; /* would it be better to elog? */
if (oldlist == NIL || nskip >= oldlist->length)
return NIL;
newlist = new_list(oldlist->type, oldlist->length - nskip);
memcpy(newlist->elements, &oldlist->elements[nskip],
newlist->length * sizeof (ListCell));
check_list_invariants(newlist);
return newlist;
}
/*
* Return a deep copy of the specified list .
*
* The list elements are copied via copyObject ( ) , so that this function ' s
* idea of a " deep " copy is considerably deeper than what list_free_deep ( )
* means by the same word .
*/
List *
list_copy_deep(const List *oldlist)
{
List *newlist;
if (oldlist == NIL)
return NIL;
/* This is only sensible for pointer Lists */
Assert(IsA(oldlist, List));
newlist = new_list(oldlist->type, oldlist->length);
for (int i = 0 ; i < newlist->length; i++)
lfirst(&newlist->elements[i]) =
copyObjectImpl(lfirst(&oldlist->elements[i]));
check_list_invariants(newlist);
return newlist;
}
/*
* Sort a list according to the specified comparator function .
*
* The list is sorted in - place .
*
* The comparator function is declared to receive arguments of type
* const ListCell * ; this allows it to use lfirst ( ) and variants
* without casting its arguments . Otherwise it behaves the same as
* the comparator function for standard qsort ( ) .
*
* Like qsort ( ) , this provides no guarantees about sort stability
* for equal keys .
*
* This is based on qsort ( ) , so it likewise has O ( N log N ) runtime .
*/
void
list_sort(List *list, list_sort_comparator cmp)
{
typedef int (*qsort_comparator) (const void *a, const void *b);
int len;
check_list_invariants(list);
/* Nothing to do if there's less than two elements */
len = list_length(list);
if (len > 1 )
qsort(list->elements, len, sizeof (ListCell), (qsort_comparator) cmp);
}
/*
* list_sort comparator for sorting a list into ascending int order .
*/
int
list_int_cmp(const ListCell *p1, const ListCell *p2)
{
int v1 = lfirst_int(p1);
int v2 = lfirst_int(p2);
return pg_cmp_s32(v1, v2);
}
/*
* list_sort comparator for sorting a list into ascending OID order .
*/
int
list_oid_cmp(const ListCell *p1, const ListCell *p2)
{
Oid v1 = lfirst_oid(p1);
Oid v2 = lfirst_oid(p2);
return pg_cmp_u32(v1, v2);
}
Messung V0.5 in Prozent C=95 H=98 G=96
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(vorverarbeitet am 2026-08-11)
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*© Formatika GbR, Deutschland
2026-08-25
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