Quelle placeholder.c
Sprache: C
/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*
* placeholder . c
* PlaceHolderVar and PlaceHolderInfo manipulation routines
*
*
* Portions Copyright ( c ) 1996 - 2025 , PostgreSQL Global Development Group
* Portions Copyright ( c ) 1994 , Regents of the University of California
*
*
* IDENTIFICATION
* src / backend / optimizer / util / placeholder . c
*
* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
*/
#include "postgres.h"
#include "nodes/nodeFuncs.h"
#include "optimizer/cost.h"
#include "optimizer/optimizer.h"
#include "optimizer/pathnode.h"
#include "optimizer/placeholder.h"
#include "optimizer/planmain.h"
#include "utils/lsyscache.h"
typedef struct contain_placeholder_references_context
{
int relid;
int sublevels_up;
} contain_placeholder_references_context;
/* Local functions */
static void find_placeholders_recurse(PlannerInfo *root, Node *jtnode);
static void find_placeholders_in_expr(PlannerInfo *root, Node *expr);
static bool contain_placeholder_references_walker(Node *node,
contain_placeholder_references_context *context);
static bool contain_noop_phv_walker(Node *node, void *context);
static Node *strip_noop_phvs_mutator(Node *node, void *context);
/*
* make_placeholder_expr
* Make a PlaceHolderVar for the given expression .
*
* phrels is the syntactic location ( as a set of relids ) to attribute
* to the expression .
*
* The caller is responsible for adjusting phlevelsup and phnullingrels
* as needed . Because we do not know here which query level the PHV
* will be associated with , it ' s important that this function touches
* only root - > glob ; messing with other parts of PlannerInfo would be
* likely to do the wrong thing .
*/
PlaceHolderVar *
make_placeholder_expr(PlannerInfo *root, Expr *expr, Relids phrels)
{
PlaceHolderVar *phv = makeNode(PlaceHolderVar);
phv->phexpr = expr;
phv->phrels = phrels;
phv->phnullingrels = NULL; /* caller may change this later */
phv->phid = ++(root->glob->lastPHId);
phv->phlevelsup = 0 ; /* caller may change this later */
return phv;
}
/*
* find_placeholder_info
* Fetch the PlaceHolderInfo for the given PHV
*
* If the PlaceHolderInfo doesn ' t exist yet , create it if we haven ' t yet
* frozen the set of PlaceHolderInfos for the query ; else throw an error .
*
* This is separate from make_placeholder_expr because subquery pullup has
* to make PlaceHolderVars for expressions that might not be used at all in
* the upper query , or might not remain after const - expression simplification .
* We build PlaceHolderInfos only for PHVs that are still present in the
* simplified query passed to query_planner ( ) .
*
* Note : this should only be called after query_planner ( ) has started .
*/
PlaceHolderInfo *
find_placeholder_info(PlannerInfo *root, PlaceHolderVar *phv)
{
PlaceHolderInfo *phinfo;
Relids rels_used;
/* if this ever isn't true, we'd need to be able to look in parent lists */
Assert(phv->phlevelsup == 0 );
/* Use placeholder_array to look up existing PlaceHolderInfo quickly */
if (phv->phid < root->placeholder_array_size)
phinfo = root->placeholder_array[phv->phid];
else
phinfo = NULL;
if (phinfo != NULL)
{
Assert(phinfo->phid == phv->phid);
return phinfo;
}
/* Not found, so create it */
if (root->placeholdersFrozen)
elog(ERROR, "too late to create a new PlaceHolderInfo" );
phinfo = makeNode(PlaceHolderInfo);
phinfo->phid = phv->phid;
phinfo->ph_var = copyObject(phv);
/*
* By convention , phinfo - > ph_var - > phnullingrels is always empty , since the
* PlaceHolderInfo represents the initially - calculated state of the
* PlaceHolderVar . PlaceHolderVars appearing in the query tree might have
* varying values of phnullingrels , reflecting outer joins applied above
* the calculation level .
*/
phinfo->ph_var->phnullingrels = NULL;
/*
* Any referenced rels that are outside the PHV ' s syntactic scope are
* LATERAL references , which should be included in ph_lateral but not in
* ph_eval_at . If no referenced rels are within the syntactic scope ,
* force evaluation at the syntactic location .
*/
rels_used = pull_varnos(root, (Node *) phv->phexpr);
phinfo->ph_lateral = bms_difference(rels_used, phv->phrels);
phinfo->ph_eval_at = bms_int_members(rels_used, phv->phrels);
/* If no contained vars, force evaluation at syntactic location */
if (bms_is_empty(phinfo->ph_eval_at))
{
phinfo->ph_eval_at = bms_copy(phv->phrels);
Assert(!bms_is_empty(phinfo->ph_eval_at));
}
phinfo->ph_needed = NULL; /* initially it's unused */
/* for the moment, estimate width using just the datatype info */
phinfo->ph_width = get_typavgwidth(exprType((Node *) phv->phexpr),
exprTypmod((Node *) phv->phexpr));
/*
* Add to both placeholder_list and placeholder_array . Note : because we
* store pointers to the PlaceHolderInfos in two data structures , it ' d be
* unsafe to pass the whole placeholder_list structure through
* expression_tree_mutator or the like - - - or at least , you ' d have to
* rebuild the placeholder_array afterwards .
*/
root->placeholder_list = lappend(root->placeholder_list, phinfo);
if (phinfo->phid >= root->placeholder_array_size)
{
/* Must allocate or enlarge placeholder_array */
int new_size;
new_size = root->placeholder_array_size ? root->placeholder_array_size * 2 : 8 ;
while (phinfo->phid >= new_size)
new_size *= 2 ;
if (root->placeholder_array)
root->placeholder_array =
repalloc0_array(root->placeholder_array, PlaceHolderInfo *, root->placeholder_array_size, new_size);
else
root->placeholder_array =
palloc0_array(PlaceHolderInfo *, new_size);
root->placeholder_array_size = new_size;
}
root->placeholder_array[phinfo->phid] = phinfo;
/*
* The PHV ' s contained expression may contain other , lower - level PHVs . We
* now know we need to get those into the PlaceHolderInfo list , too , so we
* may as well do that immediately .
*/
find_placeholders_in_expr(root, (Node *) phinfo->ph_var->phexpr);
return phinfo;
}
/*
* find_placeholders_in_jointree
* Search the jointree for PlaceHolderVars , and build PlaceHolderInfos
*
* We don ' t need to look at the targetlist because build_base_rel_tlists ( )
* will already have made entries for any PHVs in the tlist .
*/
void
find_placeholders_in_jointree(PlannerInfo *root)
{
/* This must be done before freezing the set of PHIs */
Assert(!root->placeholdersFrozen);
/* We need do nothing if the query contains no PlaceHolderVars */
if (root->glob->lastPHId != 0 )
{
/* Start recursion at top of jointree */
Assert(root->parse->jointree != NULL &&
IsA(root->parse->jointree, FromExpr));
find_placeholders_recurse(root, (Node *) root->parse->jointree);
}
}
/*
* find_placeholders_recurse
* One recursion level of find_placeholders_in_jointree .
*
* jtnode is the current jointree node to examine .
*/
static void
find_placeholders_recurse(PlannerInfo *root, Node *jtnode)
{
if (jtnode == NULL)
return ;
if (IsA(jtnode, RangeTblRef))
{
/* No quals to deal with here */
}
else if (IsA(jtnode, FromExpr))
{
FromExpr *f = (FromExpr *) jtnode;
ListCell *l;
/*
* First , recurse to handle child joins .
*/
foreach(l, f->fromlist)
{
find_placeholders_recurse(root, lfirst(l));
}
/*
* Now process the top - level quals .
*/
find_placeholders_in_expr(root, f->quals);
}
else if (IsA(jtnode, JoinExpr))
{
JoinExpr *j = (JoinExpr *) jtnode;
/*
* First , recurse to handle child joins .
*/
find_placeholders_recurse(root, j->larg);
find_placeholders_recurse(root, j->rarg);
/* Process the qual clauses */
find_placeholders_in_expr(root, j->quals);
}
else
elog(ERROR, "unrecognized node type: %d" ,
(int ) nodeTag(jtnode));
}
/*
* find_placeholders_in_expr
* Find all PlaceHolderVars in the given expression , and create
* PlaceHolderInfo entries for them .
*/
static void
find_placeholders_in_expr(PlannerInfo *root, Node *expr)
{
List *vars;
ListCell *vl;
/*
* pull_var_clause does more than we need here , but it ' ll do and it ' s
* convenient to use .
*/
vars = pull_var_clause(expr,
PVC_RECURSE_AGGREGATES |
PVC_RECURSE_WINDOWFUNCS |
PVC_INCLUDE_PLACEHOLDERS);
foreach(vl, vars)
{
PlaceHolderVar *phv = (PlaceHolderVar *) lfirst(vl);
/* Ignore any plain Vars */
if (!IsA(phv, PlaceHolderVar))
continue ;
/* Create a PlaceHolderInfo entry if there's not one already */
(void ) find_placeholder_info(root, phv);
}
list_free(vars);
}
/*
* fix_placeholder_input_needed_levels
* Adjust the " needed at " levels for placeholder inputs
*
* This is called after we ' ve finished determining the eval_at levels for
* all placeholders . We need to make sure that all vars and placeholders
* needed to evaluate each placeholder will be available at the scan or join
* level where the evaluation will be done . ( It might seem that scan - level
* evaluations aren ' t interesting , but that ' s not so : a LATERAL reference
* within a placeholder ' s expression needs to cause the referenced var or
* placeholder to be marked as needed in the scan where it ' s evaluated . )
* Note that this loop can have side - effects on the ph_needed sets of other
* PlaceHolderInfos ; that ' s okay because we don ' t examine ph_needed here , so
* there are no ordering issues to worry about .
*/
void
fix_placeholder_input_needed_levels(PlannerInfo *root)
{
ListCell *lc;
foreach(lc, root->placeholder_list)
{
PlaceHolderInfo *phinfo = (PlaceHolderInfo *) lfirst(lc);
List *vars = pull_var_clause((Node *) phinfo->ph_var->phexpr,
PVC_RECURSE_AGGREGATES |
PVC_RECURSE_WINDOWFUNCS |
PVC_INCLUDE_PLACEHOLDERS);
add_vars_to_targetlist(root, vars, phinfo->ph_eval_at);
list_free(vars);
}
}
/*
* rebuild_placeholder_attr_needed
* Put back attr_needed bits for Vars / PHVs needed in PlaceHolderVars .
*
* This is used to rebuild attr_needed / ph_needed sets after removal of a
* useless outer join . It should match what
* fix_placeholder_input_needed_levels did , except that we call
* add_vars_to_attr_needed not add_vars_to_targetlist .
*/
void
rebuild_placeholder_attr_needed(PlannerInfo *root)
{
ListCell *lc;
foreach(lc, root->placeholder_list)
{
PlaceHolderInfo *phinfo = (PlaceHolderInfo *) lfirst(lc);
List *vars = pull_var_clause((Node *) phinfo->ph_var->phexpr,
PVC_RECURSE_AGGREGATES |
PVC_RECURSE_WINDOWFUNCS |
PVC_INCLUDE_PLACEHOLDERS);
add_vars_to_attr_needed(root, vars, phinfo->ph_eval_at);
list_free(vars);
}
}
/*
* add_placeholders_to_base_rels
* Add any required PlaceHolderVars to base rels ' targetlists .
*
* If any placeholder can be computed at a base rel and is needed above it ,
* add it to that rel ' s targetlist . This might look like it could be merged
* with fix_placeholder_input_needed_levels , but it must be separate because
* join removal happens in between , and can change the ph_eval_at sets . There
* is essentially the same logic in add_placeholders_to_joinrel , but we can ' t
* do that part until joinrels are formed .
*/
void
add_placeholders_to_base_rels(PlannerInfo *root)
{
ListCell *lc;
foreach(lc, root->placeholder_list)
{
PlaceHolderInfo *phinfo = (PlaceHolderInfo *) lfirst(lc);
Relids eval_at = phinfo->ph_eval_at;
int varno;
if (bms_get_singleton_member(eval_at, &varno) &&
bms_nonempty_difference(phinfo->ph_needed, eval_at))
{
RelOptInfo *rel = find_base_rel(root, varno);
/*
* As in add_vars_to_targetlist ( ) , a value computed at scan level
* has not yet been nulled by any outer join , so its phnullingrels
* should be empty .
*/
Assert(phinfo->ph_var->phnullingrels == NULL);
/* Copying the PHV might be unnecessary here, but be safe */
rel->reltarget->exprs = lappend(rel->reltarget->exprs,
copyObject(phinfo->ph_var));
/* reltarget's cost and width fields will be updated later */
}
}
}
/*
* add_placeholders_to_joinrel
* Add any newly - computable PlaceHolderVars to a join rel ' s targetlist ;
* and if computable PHVs contain lateral references , add those
* references to the joinrel ' s direct_lateral_relids .
*
* A join rel should emit a PlaceHolderVar if ( a ) the PHV can be computed
* at or below this join level and ( b ) the PHV is needed above this level .
* Our caller build_join_rel ( ) has already added any PHVs that were computed
* in either join input rel , so we need add only newly - computable ones to
* the targetlist . However , direct_lateral_relids must be updated for every
* PHV computable at or below this join , as explained below .
*/
void
add_placeholders_to_joinrel(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *joinrel,
RelOptInfo *outer_rel, RelOptInfo *inner_rel,
SpecialJoinInfo *sjinfo)
{
Relids relids = joinrel->relids;
int64 tuple_width = joinrel->reltarget->width;
ListCell *lc;
foreach(lc, root->placeholder_list)
{
PlaceHolderInfo *phinfo = (PlaceHolderInfo *) lfirst(lc);
/* Is it computable here? */
if (bms_is_subset(phinfo->ph_eval_at, relids))
{
/* Is it still needed above this joinrel? */
if (bms_nonempty_difference(phinfo->ph_needed, relids))
{
/*
* Yes , but only add to tlist if it wasn ' t computed in either
* input ; otherwise it should be there already . Also , we
* charge the cost of evaluating the contained expression if
* the PHV can be computed here but not in either input . This
* is a bit bogus because we make the decision based on the
* first pair of possible input relations considered for the
* joinrel . With other pairs , it might be possible to compute
* the PHV in one input or the other , and then we ' d be double
* charging the PHV ' s cost for some join paths . For now , live
* with that ; but we might want to improve it later by
* refiguring the reltarget costs for each pair of inputs .
*/
if (!bms_is_subset(phinfo->ph_eval_at, outer_rel->relids) &&
!bms_is_subset(phinfo->ph_eval_at, inner_rel->relids))
{
/* Copying might be unnecessary here, but be safe */
PlaceHolderVar *phv = copyObject(phinfo->ph_var);
QualCost cost;
/*
* It ' ll start out not nulled by anything . Joins above
* this one might add to its phnullingrels later , in much
* the same way as for Vars .
*/
Assert(phv->phnullingrels == NULL);
joinrel->reltarget->exprs = lappend(joinrel->reltarget->exprs,
phv);
cost_qual_eval_node(&cost, (Node *) phv->phexpr, root);
joinrel->reltarget->cost.startup += cost.startup;
joinrel->reltarget->cost.per_tuple += cost.per_tuple;
tuple_width += phinfo->ph_width;
}
}
/*
* Also adjust joinrel ' s direct_lateral_relids to include the
* PHV ' s source rel ( s ) . We must do this even if we ' re not
* actually going to emit the PHV , otherwise join_is_legal ( ) will
* reject valid join orderings . ( In principle maybe we could
* instead remove the joinrel ' s lateral_relids dependency ; but
* that ' s complicated to get right , and cases where we ' re not
* going to emit the PHV are too rare to justify the work . )
*
* In principle we should only do this if the join doesn ' t yet
* include the PHV ' s source rel ( s ) . But our caller
* build_join_rel ( ) will clean things up by removing the join ' s
* own relids from its direct_lateral_relids , so we needn ' t
* account for that here .
*/
joinrel->direct_lateral_relids =
bms_add_members(joinrel->direct_lateral_relids,
phinfo->ph_lateral);
}
}
joinrel->reltarget->width = clamp_width_est(tuple_width);
}
/*
* contain_placeholder_references_to
* Detect whether any PlaceHolderVars in the given clause contain
* references to the given relid ( typically an OJ relid ) .
*
* " Contain " means that there ' s a use of the relid inside the PHV ' s
* contained expression , so that changing the nullability status of
* the rel might change what the PHV computes .
*
* The code here to cope with upper - level PHVs is likely dead , but keep it
* anyway just in case .
*/
bool
contain_placeholder_references_to(PlannerInfo *root, Node *clause,
int relid)
{
contain_placeholder_references_context context;
/* We can answer quickly in the common case that there's no PHVs at all */
if (root->glob->lastPHId == 0 )
return false ;
/* Else run the recursive search */
context.relid = relid;
context.sublevels_up = 0 ;
return contain_placeholder_references_walker(clause, &context);
}
static bool
contain_placeholder_references_walker(Node *node,
contain_placeholder_references_context *context)
{
if (node == NULL)
return false ;
if (IsA(node, PlaceHolderVar))
{
PlaceHolderVar *phv = (PlaceHolderVar *) node;
/* We should just look through PHVs of other query levels */
if (phv->phlevelsup == context->sublevels_up)
{
/* If phrels matches, we found what we came for */
if (bms_is_member(context->relid, phv->phrels))
return true ;
/*
* We should not examine phnullingrels : what we are looking for is
* references in the contained expression , not OJs that might null
* the result afterwards . Also , we don ' t need to recurse into the
* contained expression , because phrels should adequately
* summarize what ' s in there . So we ' re done here .
*/
return false ;
}
}
else if (IsA(node, Query))
{
/* Recurse into RTE subquery or not-yet-planned sublink subquery */
bool result;
context->sublevels_up++;
result = query_tree_walker((Query *) node,
contain_placeholder_references_walker,
context,
0 );
context->sublevels_up--;
return result;
}
return expression_tree_walker(node, contain_placeholder_references_walker,
context);
}
/*
* Compute the set of outer - join relids that can null a placeholder .
*
* This is analogous to RelOptInfo . nulling_relids for Vars , but we compute it
* on - the - fly rather than saving it somewhere . Currently the value is needed
* at most once per query , so there ' s little value in doing otherwise . If it
* ever gains more widespread use , perhaps we should cache the result in
* PlaceHolderInfo .
*/
Relids
get_placeholder_nulling_relids(PlannerInfo *root, PlaceHolderInfo *phinfo)
{
Relids result = NULL;
int relid = -1 ;
/*
* Form the union of all potential nulling OJs for each baserel included
* in ph_eval_at .
*/
while ((relid = bms_next_member(phinfo->ph_eval_at, relid)) > 0 )
{
RelOptInfo *rel = root->simple_rel_array[relid];
/* ignore the RTE_GROUP RTE */
if (relid == root->group_rtindex)
continue ;
if (rel == NULL) /* must be an outer join */
{
Assert(bms_is_member(relid, root->outer_join_rels));
continue ;
}
result = bms_add_members(result, rel->nulling_relids);
}
/* Now remove any OJs already included in ph_eval_at, and we're done. */
result = bms_del_members(result, phinfo->ph_eval_at);
return result;
}
/*
* strip_noop_phvs
* Strip no - op PlaceHolderVar nodes from the given expression tree .
*
* A PlaceHolderVar that is not marked as nullable ( i . e . , its phnullingrels
* is empty ) is effectively a no - op when it appears in a relation - scan - level
* expression . This function strips such PlaceHolderVars , which is useful
* for matching expressions to index keys or partition keys in cases where
* the expression has been wrapped in PlaceHolderVars during subquery pullup .
*
* IMPORTANT : the caller must ensure that the expression is a scan - level
* expression , so that non - nullable PlaceHolderVars in it are indeed no - ops .
*
* The removal is performed recursively because PlaceHolderVars can be nested
* or interleaved with other node types . We must peel back all layers to
* expose the base expression .
*
* As a performance optimization , we first use a lightweight walker to check
* for the presence of strippable PlaceHolderVars . The expensive mutator is
* invoked only if a candidate is found , avoiding unnecessary memory allocation
* and tree copying in the common case where no PlaceHolderVars are present .
*/
Node *
strip_noop_phvs(Node *node)
{
/* Don't mutate/copy if no target PHVs exist */
if (!contain_noop_phv_walker(node, NULL))
return node;
return strip_noop_phvs_mutator(node, NULL);
}
/*
* contain_noop_phv_walker
* Detect if there are any PlaceHolderVars in the tree that are candidates
* for stripping .
*
* We identify a PlaceHolderVar as strippable only if its phnullingrels is
* empty .
*/
static bool
contain_noop_phv_walker(Node *node, void *context)
{
if (node == NULL)
return false ;
if (IsA(node, PlaceHolderVar))
{
PlaceHolderVar *phv = (PlaceHolderVar *) node;
if (bms_is_empty(phv->phnullingrels))
return true ;
}
return expression_tree_walker(node, contain_noop_phv_walker,
context);
}
/*
* strip_noop_phvs_mutator
* Recursively remove PlaceHolderVars that are not marked nullable .
*
* We strip a PlaceHolderVar only if its phnullingrels is empty , replacing it
* with its contained expression .
*/
static Node *
strip_noop_phvs_mutator(Node *node, void *context)
{
if (node == NULL)
return NULL;
if (IsA(node, PlaceHolderVar))
{
PlaceHolderVar *phv = (PlaceHolderVar *) node;
if (bms_is_empty(phv->phnullingrels))
{
/* Recurse on its contained expression */
return strip_noop_phvs_mutator((Node *) phv->phexpr,
context);
}
/* Otherwise, keep this PHV but check its contained expression */
}
return expression_tree_mutator(node, strip_noop_phvs_mutator,
context);
}
Messung V0.5 in Prozent C=93 H=95 G=93
¤ Dauer der Verarbeitung: 0.17 Sekunden
(vorverarbeitet am 2026-08-08)
¤
*© Formatika GbR, Deutschland
2026-08-25
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