/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*
* parse_jsontable . c
* parsing of JSON_TABLE
*
* Portions Copyright ( c ) 1996 - 2025 , PostgreSQL Global Development Group
* Portions Copyright ( c ) 1994 , Regents of the University of California
*
*
* IDENTIFICATION
* src / backend / parser / parse_jsontable . c
*
* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
*/
#include "postgres.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
#include "nodes/makefuncs.h"
#include "nodes/nodeFuncs.h"
#include "optimizer/optimizer.h"
#include "parser/parse_clause.h"
#include "parser/parse_collate.h"
#include "parser/parse_expr.h"
#include "parser/parse_relation.h"
#include "parser/parse_type.h"
#include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
#include "utils/json.h"
#include "utils/lsyscache.h"
/* Context for transformJsonTableColumns() */
typedef struct JsonTableParseContext
{
ParseState *pstate;
JsonTable *jt;
TableFunc *tf;
List *pathNames; /* list of all path and columns names */
int pathNameId; /* path name id counter */
} JsonTableParseContext;
static JsonTablePlan *transformJsonTableColumns(JsonTableParseContext *cxt,
List *columns,
List *passingArgs,
JsonTablePathSpec *pathspec);
static JsonTablePlan *transformJsonTableNestedColumns(JsonTableParseContext *cxt,
List *passingArgs,
List *columns);
static JsonFuncExpr *transformJsonTableColumn(JsonTableColumn *jtc,
Node *contextItemExpr,
List *passingArgs);
static bool isCompositeType(Oid typid);
static JsonTablePlan *makeJsonTablePathScan(JsonTablePathSpec *pathspec,
bool errorOnError,
int colMin, int colMax,
JsonTablePlan *childplan);
static void CheckDuplicateColumnOrPathNames(JsonTableParseContext *cxt,
List *columns);
static bool LookupPathOrColumnName(JsonTableParseContext *cxt, char *name);
static char *generateJsonTablePathName(JsonTableParseContext *cxt);
static JsonTablePlan *makeJsonTableSiblingJoin(JsonTablePlan *lplan,
JsonTablePlan *rplan);
/*
* transformJsonTable -
* Transform a raw JsonTable into TableFunc
*
* Mainly , this transforms the JSON_TABLE ( ) document - generating expression
* ( jt - > context_item ) and the column - generating expressions ( jt - > columns ) to
* populate TableFunc . docexpr and TableFunc . colvalexprs , respectively . Also ,
* the PASSING values ( jt - > passing ) are transformed and added into
* TableFunc . passingvalexprs .
*/
ParseNamespaceItem *
transformJsonTable(ParseState *pstate, JsonTable *jt)
{
TableFunc *tf;
JsonFuncExpr *jfe;
JsonExpr *je;
JsonTablePathSpec *rootPathSpec = jt->pathspec;
bool is_lateral;
JsonTableParseContext cxt = {pstate};
Assert(IsA(rootPathSpec->string, A_Const) &&
castNode(A_Const, rootPathSpec->string)->val.node.type == T_String);
if (jt->on_error &&
jt->on_error->btype != JSON_BEHAVIOR_ERROR &&
jt->on_error->btype != JSON_BEHAVIOR_EMPTY &&
jt->on_error->btype != JSON_BEHAVIOR_EMPTY_ARRAY)
ereport(ERROR,
errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
errmsg("invalid %s behavior" , "ON ERROR" ),
errdetail("Only EMPTY [ ARRAY ] or ERROR is allowed in the top-level ON ERROR clause." ),
parser_errposition(pstate, jt->on_error->location));
cxt.pathNameId = 0 ;
if (rootPathSpec->name == NULL)
rootPathSpec->name = generateJsonTablePathName(&cxt);
cxt.pathNames = list_make1(rootPathSpec->name);
CheckDuplicateColumnOrPathNames(&cxt, jt->columns);
/*
* We make lateral_only names of this level visible , whether or not the
* RangeTableFunc is explicitly marked LATERAL . This is needed for SQL
* spec compliance and seems useful on convenience grounds for all
* functions in FROM .
*
* ( LATERAL can ' t nest within a single pstate level , so we don ' t need
* save / restore logic here . )
*/
Assert(!pstate->p_lateral_active);
pstate->p_lateral_active = true ;
tf = makeNode(TableFunc);
tf->functype = TFT_JSON_TABLE;
/*
* Transform JsonFuncExpr representing the top JSON_TABLE context_item and
* pathspec into a dummy JSON_TABLE_OP JsonExpr .
*/
jfe = makeNode(JsonFuncExpr);
jfe->op = JSON_TABLE_OP;
jfe->context_item = jt->context_item;
jfe->pathspec = (Node *) rootPathSpec->string;
jfe->passing = jt->passing;
jfe->on_empty = NULL;
jfe->on_error = jt->on_error;
jfe->location = jt->location;
tf->docexpr = transformExpr(pstate, (Node *) jfe, EXPR_KIND_FROM_FUNCTION);
/*
* Create a JsonTablePlan that will generate row pattern that becomes
* source data for JSON path expressions in jt - > columns . This also adds
* the columns ' transformed JsonExpr nodes into tf - > colvalexprs .
*/
cxt.jt = jt;
cxt.tf = tf;
tf->plan = (Node *) transformJsonTableColumns(&cxt, jt->columns,
jt->passing,
rootPathSpec);
/*
* Copy the transformed PASSING arguments into the TableFunc node , because
* they are evaluated separately from the JsonExpr that we just put in
* TableFunc . docexpr . JsonExpr . passing_values is still kept around for
* get_json_table ( ) .
*/
je = (JsonExpr *) tf->docexpr;
tf->passingvalexprs = copyObject(je->passing_values);
tf->ordinalitycol = -1 ; /* undefine ordinality column number */
tf->location = jt->location;
pstate->p_lateral_active = false ;
/*
* Mark the RTE as LATERAL if the user said LATERAL explicitly , or if
* there are any lateral cross - references in it .
*/
is_lateral = jt->lateral || contain_vars_of_level((Node *) tf, 0 );
return addRangeTableEntryForTableFunc(pstate,
tf, jt->alias, is_lateral, true );
}
/*
* Check if a column / path name is duplicated in the given shared list of
* names .
*/
static void
CheckDuplicateColumnOrPathNames(JsonTableParseContext *cxt,
List *columns)
{
ListCell *lc1;
foreach(lc1, columns)
{
JsonTableColumn *jtc = castNode(JsonTableColumn, lfirst(lc1));
if (jtc->coltype == JTC_NESTED)
{
if (jtc->pathspec->name)
{
if (LookupPathOrColumnName(cxt, jtc->pathspec->name))
ereport(ERROR,
errcode(ERRCODE_DUPLICATE_ALIAS),
errmsg("duplicate JSON_TABLE column or path name: %s" ,
jtc->pathspec->name),
parser_errposition(cxt->pstate,
jtc->pathspec->name_location));
cxt->pathNames = lappend(cxt->pathNames, jtc->pathspec->name);
}
CheckDuplicateColumnOrPathNames(cxt, jtc->columns);
}
else
{
if (LookupPathOrColumnName(cxt, jtc->name))
ereport(ERROR,
errcode(ERRCODE_DUPLICATE_ALIAS),
errmsg("duplicate JSON_TABLE column or path name: %s" ,
jtc->name),
parser_errposition(cxt->pstate, jtc->location));
cxt->pathNames = lappend(cxt->pathNames, jtc->name);
}
}
}
/*
* Lookup a column / path name in the given name list , returning true if already
* there .
*/
static bool
LookupPathOrColumnName(JsonTableParseContext *cxt, char *name)
{
ListCell *lc;
foreach(lc, cxt->pathNames)
{
if (strcmp(name, (const char *) lfirst(lc)) == 0 )
return true ;
}
return false ;
}
/* Generate a new unique JSON_TABLE path name. */
static char *
generateJsonTablePathName(JsonTableParseContext *cxt)
{
char namebuf[32 ];
char *name = namebuf;
snprintf(namebuf, sizeof (namebuf), "json_table_path_%d" ,
cxt->pathNameId++);
name = pstrdup(name);
cxt->pathNames = lappend(cxt->pathNames, name);
return name;
}
/*
* Create a JsonTablePlan that will supply the source row for ' columns '
* using ' pathspec ' and append the columns ' transformed JsonExpr nodes and
* their type / collation information to cxt - > tf .
*/
static JsonTablePlan *
transformJsonTableColumns(JsonTableParseContext *cxt, List *columns,
List *passingArgs,
JsonTablePathSpec *pathspec)
{
ParseState *pstate = cxt->pstate;
JsonTable *jt = cxt->jt;
TableFunc *tf = cxt->tf;
ListCell *col;
bool ordinality_found = false ;
bool errorOnError = jt->on_error &&
jt->on_error->btype == JSON_BEHAVIOR_ERROR;
Oid contextItemTypid = exprType(tf->docexpr);
int colMin,
colMax;
JsonTablePlan *childplan;
/* Start of column range */
colMin = list_length(tf->colvalexprs);
foreach(col, columns)
{
JsonTableColumn *rawc = castNode(JsonTableColumn, lfirst(col));
Oid typid;
int32 typmod;
Oid typcoll = InvalidOid;
Node *colexpr;
if (rawc->coltype != JTC_NESTED)
{
Assert(rawc->name);
tf->colnames = lappend(tf->colnames,
makeString(pstrdup(rawc->name)));
}
/*
* Determine the type and typmod for the new column . FOR ORDINALITY
* columns are INTEGER by standard ; the others are user - specified .
*/
switch (rawc->coltype)
{
case JTC_FOR_ORDINALITY:
if (ordinality_found)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
errmsg("only one FOR ORDINALITY column is allowed" ),
parser_errposition(pstate, rawc->location)));
ordinality_found = true ;
colexpr = NULL;
typid = INT4OID;
typmod = -1 ;
break ;
case JTC_REGULAR:
typenameTypeIdAndMod(pstate, rawc->typeName , &typid, &typmod);
/*
* Use JTC_FORMATTED so as to use JSON_QUERY for this column
* if the specified type is one that ' s better handled using
* JSON_QUERY ( ) or if non - default WRAPPER or QUOTES behavior
* is specified .
*/
if (isCompositeType(typid) ||
rawc->quotes != JS_QUOTES_UNSPEC ||
rawc->wrapper != JSW_UNSPEC)
rawc->coltype = JTC_FORMATTED;
/* FALLTHROUGH */
case JTC_FORMATTED:
case JTC_EXISTS:
{
JsonFuncExpr *jfe;
CaseTestExpr *param = makeNode(CaseTestExpr);
param->collation = InvalidOid;
param->typeId = contextItemTypid;
param->typeMod = -1 ;
jfe = transformJsonTableColumn(rawc, (Node *) param,
passingArgs);
colexpr = transformExpr(pstate, (Node *) jfe,
EXPR_KIND_FROM_FUNCTION);
assign_expr_collations(pstate, colexpr);
typid = exprType(colexpr);
typmod = exprTypmod(colexpr);
typcoll = exprCollation(colexpr);
break ;
}
case JTC_NESTED:
continue ;
default :
elog(ERROR, "unknown JSON_TABLE column type: %d" , (int ) rawc->coltype);
break ;
}
tf->coltypes = lappend_oid(tf->coltypes, typid);
tf->coltypmods = lappend_int(tf->coltypmods, typmod);
tf->colcollations = lappend_oid(tf->colcollations, typcoll);
tf->colvalexprs = lappend(tf->colvalexprs, colexpr);
}
/* End of column range. */
if (list_length(tf->colvalexprs) == colMin)
{
/* No columns in this Scan beside the nested ones. */
colMax = colMin = -1 ;
}
else
colMax = list_length(tf->colvalexprs) - 1 ;
/* Recursively transform nested columns */
childplan = transformJsonTableNestedColumns(cxt, passingArgs, columns);
/* Create a "parent" scan responsible for all columns handled above. */
return makeJsonTablePathScan(pathspec, errorOnError, colMin, colMax,
childplan);
}
/*
* Check if the type is " composite " for the purpose of checking whether to use
* JSON_VALUE ( ) or JSON_QUERY ( ) for a given JsonTableColumn .
*/
static bool
isCompositeType(Oid typid)
{
char typtype = get_typtype(typid);
return typid == JSONOID ||
typid == JSONBOID ||
typid == RECORDOID ||
type_is_array(typid) ||
typtype == TYPTYPE_COMPOSITE ||
/* domain over one of the above? */
(typtype == TYPTYPE_DOMAIN &&
isCompositeType(getBaseType(typid)));
}
/*
* Transform JSON_TABLE column definition into a JsonFuncExpr
* This turns :
* - regular column into JSON_VALUE ( )
* - FORMAT JSON column into JSON_QUERY ( )
* - EXISTS column into JSON_EXISTS ( )
*/
static JsonFuncExpr *
transformJsonTableColumn(JsonTableColumn *jtc, Node *contextItemExpr,
List *passingArgs)
{
Node *pathspec;
JsonFuncExpr *jfexpr = makeNode(JsonFuncExpr);
if (jtc->coltype == JTC_REGULAR)
jfexpr->op = JSON_VALUE_OP;
else if (jtc->coltype == JTC_EXISTS)
jfexpr->op = JSON_EXISTS_OP;
else
jfexpr->op = JSON_QUERY_OP;
/* Pass the column name so any runtime JsonExpr errors can print it. */
Assert(jtc->name != NULL);
jfexpr->column_name = pstrdup(jtc->name);
jfexpr->context_item = makeJsonValueExpr((Expr *) contextItemExpr, NULL,
makeJsonFormat(JS_FORMAT_DEFAULT,
JS_ENC_DEFAULT,
-1 ));
if (jtc->pathspec)
pathspec = (Node *) jtc->pathspec->string;
else
{
/* Construct default path as '$."column_name"' */
StringInfoData path;
initStringInfo(&path);
appendStringInfoString(&path, "$." );
escape_json(&path, jtc->name);
pathspec = makeStringConst(path.data, -1 );
}
jfexpr->pathspec = pathspec;
jfexpr->passing = passingArgs;
jfexpr->output = makeNode(JsonOutput);
jfexpr->output->typeName = jtc->typeName ;
jfexpr->output->returning = makeNode(JsonReturning);
jfexpr->output->returning->format = jtc->format;
jfexpr->on_empty = jtc->on_empty;
jfexpr->on_error = jtc->on_error;
jfexpr->quotes = jtc->quotes;
jfexpr->wrapper = jtc->wrapper;
jfexpr->location = jtc->location;
return jfexpr;
}
/*
* Recursively transform nested columns and create child plan ( s ) that will be
* used to evaluate their row patterns .
*/
static JsonTablePlan *
transformJsonTableNestedColumns(JsonTableParseContext *cxt,
List *passingArgs,
List *columns)
{
JsonTablePlan *plan = NULL;
ListCell *lc;
/*
* If there are multiple NESTED COLUMNS clauses in ' columns ' , their
* respective plans will be combined using a " sibling join " plan , which
* effectively does a UNION of the sets of rows coming from each nested
* plan .
*/
foreach(lc, columns)
{
JsonTableColumn *jtc = castNode(JsonTableColumn, lfirst(lc));
JsonTablePlan *nested;
if (jtc->coltype != JTC_NESTED)
continue ;
if (jtc->pathspec->name == NULL)
jtc->pathspec->name = generateJsonTablePathName(cxt);
nested = transformJsonTableColumns(cxt, jtc->columns, passingArgs,
jtc->pathspec);
if (plan)
plan = makeJsonTableSiblingJoin(plan, nested);
else
plan = nested;
}
return plan;
}
/*
* Create a JsonTablePlan for given path and ON ERROR behavior .
*
* colMin and colMin give the range of columns computed by this scan in the
* global flat list of column expressions that will be passed to the
* JSON_TABLE ' s TableFunc . Both are - 1 when all of columns are nested and
* thus computed by ' childplan ' .
*/
static JsonTablePlan *
makeJsonTablePathScan(JsonTablePathSpec *pathspec, bool errorOnError,
int colMin, int colMax,
JsonTablePlan *childplan)
{
JsonTablePathScan *scan = makeNode(JsonTablePathScan);
char *pathstring;
Const *value;
Assert(IsA(pathspec->string, A_Const));
pathstring = castNode(A_Const, pathspec->string)->val.sval.sval;
value = makeConst(JSONPATHOID, -1 , InvalidOid, -1 ,
DirectFunctionCall1(jsonpath_in,
CStringGetDatum(pathstring)),
false , false );
scan->plan.type = T_JsonTablePathScan;
scan->path = makeJsonTablePath(value, pathspec->name);
scan->errorOnError = errorOnError;
scan->child = childplan;
scan->colMin = colMin;
scan->colMax = colMax;
return (JsonTablePlan *) scan;
}
/*
* Create a JsonTablePlan that will perform a join of the rows coming from
* ' lplan ' and ' rplan ' .
*
* The default way of " joining " the rows is to perform a UNION between the
* sets of rows from ' lplan ' and ' rplan ' .
*/
static JsonTablePlan *
makeJsonTableSiblingJoin(JsonTablePlan *lplan, JsonTablePlan *rplan)
{
JsonTableSiblingJoin *join = makeNode(JsonTableSiblingJoin);
join->plan.type = T_JsonTableSiblingJoin;
join->lplan = lplan;
join->rplan = rplan;
return (JsonTablePlan *) join;
}
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