/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*
* sysv_shmem . c
* Implement shared memory using SysV facilities
*
* These routines used to be a fairly thin layer on top of SysV shared
* memory functionality . With the addition of anonymous - shmem logic ,
* they ' re a bit fatter now . We still require a SysV shmem block to
* exist , though , because mmap ' d shmem provides no way to find out how
* many processes are attached , which we need for interlocking purposes .
*
* Portions Copyright ( c ) 1996 - 2025 , PostgreSQL Global Development Group
* Portions Copyright ( c ) 1994 , Regents of the University of California
*
* IDENTIFICATION
* src / backend / port / sysv_shmem . c
*
* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
*/
#include "postgres.h"
#include <signal.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/file.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include "miscadmin.h"
#include "port/pg_bitutils.h"
#include "portability/mem.h"
#include "storage/dsm.h"
#include "storage/fd.h"
#include "storage/ipc.h"
#include "storage/pg_shmem.h"
#include "utils/guc.h"
#include "utils/guc_hooks.h"
#include "utils/pidfile.h"
/*
* As of PostgreSQL 9 . 3 , we normally allocate only a very small amount of
* System V shared memory , and only for the purposes of providing an
* interlock to protect the data directory . The real shared memory block
* is allocated using mmap ( ) . This works around the problem that many
* systems have very low limits on the amount of System V shared memory
* that can be allocated . Even a limit of a few megabytes will be enough
* to run many copies of PostgreSQL without needing to adjust system settings .
*
* We assume that no one will attempt to run PostgreSQL 9 . 3 or later on
* systems that are ancient enough that anonymous shared memory is not
* supported , such as pre - 2 . 4 versions of Linux . If that turns out to be
* false , we might need to add compile and / or run - time tests here and do this
* only if the running kernel supports it .
*
* However , we must always disable this logic in the EXEC_BACKEND case , and
* fall back to the old method of allocating the entire segment using System V
* shared memory , because there ' s no way to attach an anonymous mmap ' d segment
* to a process after exec ( ) . Since EXEC_BACKEND is intended only for
* developer use , this shouldn ' t be a big problem . Because of this , we do
* not worry about supporting anonymous shmem in the EXEC_BACKEND cases below .
*
* As of PostgreSQL 12 , we regained the ability to use a large System V shared
* memory region even in non - EXEC_BACKEND builds , if shared_memory_type is set
* to sysv ( though this is not the default ) .
*/
typedef key_t IpcMemoryKey; /* shared memory key passed to shmget(2) */
typedef int IpcMemoryId; /* shared memory ID returned by shmget(2) */
/*
* How does a given IpcMemoryId relate to this PostgreSQL process ?
*
* One could recycle unattached segments of different data directories if we
* distinguished that case from other SHMSTATE_FOREIGN cases . Doing so would
* cause us to visit less of the key space , making us less likely to detect a
* SHMSTATE_ATTACHED key . It would also complicate the concurrency analysis ,
* in that postmasters of different data directories could simultaneously
* attempt to recycle a given key . We ' ll waste keys longer in some cases , but
* avoiding the problems of the alternative justifies that loss .
*/
typedef enum
{
SHMSTATE_ANALYSIS_FAILURE, /* unexpected failure to analyze the ID */
SHMSTATE_ATTACHED, /* pertinent to DataDir, has attached PIDs */
SHMSTATE_ENOENT, /* no segment of that ID */
SHMSTATE_FOREIGN, /* exists, but not pertinent to DataDir */
SHMSTATE_UNATTACHED, /* pertinent to DataDir, no attached PIDs */
} IpcMemoryState;
unsigned long UsedShmemSegID = 0 ;
void *UsedShmemSegAddr = NULL;
static Size AnonymousShmemSize;
static void *AnonymousShmem = NULL;
static void *InternalIpcMemoryCreate(IpcMemoryKey memKey, Size size);
static void IpcMemoryDetach(int status, Datum shmaddr);
static void IpcMemoryDelete(int status, Datum shmId);
static IpcMemoryState PGSharedMemoryAttach(IpcMemoryId shmId,
void *attachAt,
PGShmemHeader **addr);
/*
* InternalIpcMemoryCreate ( memKey , size )
*
* Attempt to create a new shared memory segment with the specified key .
* Will fail ( return NULL ) if such a segment already exists . If successful ,
* attach the segment to the current process and return its attached address .
* On success , callbacks are registered with on_shmem_exit to detach and
* delete the segment when on_shmem_exit is called .
*
* If we fail with a failure code other than collision - with - existing - segment ,
* print out an error and abort . Other types of errors are not recoverable .
*/
static void *
InternalIpcMemoryCreate(IpcMemoryKey memKey, Size size)
{
IpcMemoryId shmid;
void *requestedAddress = NULL;
void *memAddress;
/*
* Normally we just pass requestedAddress = NULL to shmat ( ) , allowing the
* system to choose where the segment gets mapped . But in an EXEC_BACKEND
* build , it ' s possible for whatever is chosen in the postmaster to not
* work for backends , due to variations in address space layout . As a
* rather klugy workaround , allow the user to specify the address to use
* via setting the environment variable PG_SHMEM_ADDR . ( If this were of
* interest for anything except debugging , we ' d probably create a cleaner
* and better - documented way to set it , such as a GUC . )
*/
#ifdef EXEC_BACKEND
{
char *pg_shmem_addr = getenv("PG_SHMEM_ADDR" );
if (pg_shmem_addr)
requestedAddress = (void *) strtoul(pg_shmem_addr, NULL, 0 );
else
{
#if defined (__darwin__) && SIZEOF_VOID_P == 8
/*
* Provide a default value that is believed to avoid problems with
* ASLR on the current macOS release .
*/
requestedAddress = (void *) 0 x80000000000;
#endif
}
}
#endif
shmid = shmget(memKey, size, IPC_CREAT | IPC_EXCL | IPCProtection);
if (shmid < 0 )
{
int shmget_errno = errno;
/*
* Fail quietly if error indicates a collision with existing segment .
* One would expect EEXIST , given that we said IPC_EXCL , but perhaps
* we could get a permission violation instead ? Also , EIDRM might
* occur if an old seg is slated for destruction but not gone yet .
*/
if (shmget_errno == EEXIST || shmget_errno == EACCES
#ifdef EIDRM
|| shmget_errno == EIDRM
#endif
)
return NULL;
/*
* Some BSD - derived kernels are known to return EINVAL , not EEXIST , if
* there is an existing segment but it ' s smaller than " size " ( this is
* a result of poorly - thought - out ordering of error tests ) . To
* distinguish between collision and invalid size in such cases , we
* make a second try with size = 0 . These kernels do not test size
* against SHMMIN in the preexisting - segment case , so we will not get
* EINVAL a second time if there is such a segment .
*/
if (shmget_errno == EINVAL)
{
shmid = shmget(memKey, 0 , IPC_CREAT | IPC_EXCL | IPCProtection);
if (shmid < 0 )
{
/* As above, fail quietly if we verify a collision */
if (errno == EEXIST || errno == EACCES
#ifdef EIDRM
|| errno == EIDRM
#endif
)
return NULL;
/* Otherwise, fall through to report the original error */
}
else
{
/*
* On most platforms we cannot get here because SHMMIN is
* greater than zero . However , if we do succeed in creating a
* zero - size segment , free it and then fall through to report
* the original error .
*/
if (shmctl(shmid, IPC_RMID, NULL) < 0 )
elog(LOG, "shmctl(%d, %d, 0) failed: %m" ,
(int ) shmid, IPC_RMID);
}
}
/*
* Else complain and abort .
*
* Note : at this point EINVAL should mean that either SHMMIN or SHMMAX
* is violated . SHMALL violation might be reported as either ENOMEM
* ( BSDen ) or ENOSPC ( Linux ) ; the Single Unix Spec fails to say which
* it should be . SHMMNI violation is ENOSPC , per spec . Just plain
* not - enough - RAM is ENOMEM .
*/
errno = shmget_errno;
ereport(FATAL,
(errmsg("could not create shared memory segment: %m" ),
errdetail("Failed system call was shmget(key=%lu, size=%zu, 0%o)." ,
(unsigned long ) memKey, size,
IPC_CREAT | IPC_EXCL | IPCProtection),
(shmget_errno == EINVAL) ?
errhint("This error usually means that PostgreSQL's request for a shared memory "
"segment exceeded your kernel's SHMMAX parameter, or possibly that "
"it is less than "
"your kernel's SHMMIN parameter.\n"
"The PostgreSQL documentation contains more information about shared "
"memory configuration." ) : 0 ,
(shmget_errno == ENOMEM) ?
errhint("This error usually means that PostgreSQL's request for a shared "
"memory segment exceeded your kernel's SHMALL parameter. You might need "
"to reconfigure the kernel with larger SHMALL.\n"
"The PostgreSQL documentation contains more information about shared "
"memory configuration." ) : 0 ,
(shmget_errno == ENOSPC) ?
errhint("This error does *not* mean that you have run out of disk space. "
"It occurs either if all available shared memory IDs have been taken, "
"in which case you need to raise the SHMMNI parameter in your kernel, "
"or because the system's overall limit for shared memory has been "
"reached.\n"
"The PostgreSQL documentation contains more information about shared "
"memory configuration." ) : 0 ));
}
/* Register on-exit routine to delete the new segment */
on_shmem_exit(IpcMemoryDelete, Int32GetDatum(shmid));
/* OK, should be able to attach to the segment */
memAddress = shmat(shmid, requestedAddress, PG_SHMAT_FLAGS);
if (memAddress == (void *) -1 )
elog(FATAL, "shmat(id=%d, addr=%p, flags=0x%x) failed: %m" ,
shmid, requestedAddress, PG_SHMAT_FLAGS);
/* Register on-exit routine to detach new segment before deleting */
on_shmem_exit(IpcMemoryDetach, PointerGetDatum(memAddress));
/*
* Store shmem key and ID in data directory lockfile . Format to try to
* keep it the same length always ( trailing junk in the lockfile won ' t
* hurt , but might confuse humans ) .
*/
{
char line[64 ];
sprintf(line, "%9lu %9lu" ,
(unsigned long ) memKey, (unsigned long ) shmid);
AddToDataDirLockFile(LOCK_FILE_LINE_SHMEM_KEY, line);
}
return memAddress;
}
/****************************************************************************/
/* IpcMemoryDetach(status, shmaddr) removes a shared memory segment */
/* from process' address space */
/* (called as an on_shmem_exit callback, hence funny argument list) */
/****************************************************************************/
static void
IpcMemoryDetach(int status, Datum shmaddr)
{
/* Detach System V shared memory block. */
if (shmdt(DatumGetPointer(shmaddr)) < 0 )
elog(LOG, "shmdt(%p) failed: %m" , DatumGetPointer(shmaddr));
}
/****************************************************************************/
/* IpcMemoryDelete(status, shmId) deletes a shared memory segment */
/* (called as an on_shmem_exit callback, hence funny argument list) */
/****************************************************************************/
static void
IpcMemoryDelete(int status, Datum shmId)
{
if (shmctl(DatumGetInt32(shmId), IPC_RMID, NULL) < 0 )
elog(LOG, "shmctl(%d, %d, 0) failed: %m" ,
DatumGetInt32(shmId), IPC_RMID);
}
/*
* PGSharedMemoryIsInUse
*
* Is a previously - existing shmem segment still existing and in use ?
*
* The point of this exercise is to detect the case where a prior postmaster
* crashed , but it left child backends that are still running . Therefore
* we only care about shmem segments that are associated with the intended
* DataDir . This is an important consideration since accidental matches of
* shmem segment IDs are reasonably common .
*/
bool
PGSharedMemoryIsInUse(unsigned long id1, unsigned long id2)
{
PGShmemHeader *memAddress;
IpcMemoryState state;
state = PGSharedMemoryAttach((IpcMemoryId) id2, NULL, &memAddress);
if (memAddress && shmdt(memAddress) < 0 )
elog(LOG, "shmdt(%p) failed: %m" , memAddress);
switch (state)
{
case SHMSTATE_ENOENT:
case SHMSTATE_FOREIGN:
case SHMSTATE_UNATTACHED:
return false ;
case SHMSTATE_ANALYSIS_FAILURE:
case SHMSTATE_ATTACHED:
return true ;
}
return true ;
}
/*
* Test for a segment with id shmId ; see comment at IpcMemoryState .
*
* If the segment exists , we ' ll attempt to attach to it , using attachAt
* if that ' s not NULL ( but it ' s best to pass NULL if possible ) .
*
* * addr is set to the segment memory address if we attached to it , else NULL .
*/
static IpcMemoryState
PGSharedMemoryAttach(IpcMemoryId shmId,
void *attachAt,
PGShmemHeader **addr)
{
struct shmid_ds shmStat;
struct stat statbuf;
PGShmemHeader *hdr;
*addr = NULL;
/*
* First , try to stat the shm segment ID , to see if it exists at all .
*/
if (shmctl(shmId, IPC_STAT, &shmStat) < 0 )
{
/*
* EINVAL actually has multiple possible causes documented in the
* shmctl man page , but we assume it must mean the segment no longer
* exists .
*/
if (errno == EINVAL)
return SHMSTATE_ENOENT;
/*
* EACCES implies we have no read permission , which means it is not a
* Postgres shmem segment ( or at least , not one that is relevant to
* our data directory ) .
*/
if (errno == EACCES)
return SHMSTATE_FOREIGN;
/*
* Some Linux kernel versions ( in fact , all of them as of July 2007 )
* sometimes return EIDRM when EINVAL is correct . The Linux kernel
* actually does not have any internal state that would justify
* returning EIDRM , so we can get away with assuming that EIDRM is
* equivalent to EINVAL on that platform .
*/
#ifdef HAVE_LINUX_EIDRM_BUG
if (errno == EIDRM)
return SHMSTATE_ENOENT;
#endif
/*
* Otherwise , we had better assume that the segment is in use . The
* only likely case is ( non - Linux , assumed spec - compliant ) EIDRM ,
* which implies that the segment has been IPC_RMID ' d but there are
* still processes attached to it .
*/
return SHMSTATE_ANALYSIS_FAILURE;
}
/*
* Try to attach to the segment and see if it matches our data directory .
* This avoids any risk of duplicate - shmem - key conflicts on machines that
* are running several postmasters under the same userid .
*
* ( When we ' re called from PGSharedMemoryCreate , this stat call is
* duplicative ; but since this isn ' t a high - traffic case it ' s not worth
* trying to optimize . )
*/
if (stat(DataDir, &statbuf) < 0 )
return SHMSTATE_ANALYSIS_FAILURE; /* can't stat; be conservative */
hdr = (PGShmemHeader *) shmat(shmId, attachAt, PG_SHMAT_FLAGS);
if (hdr == (PGShmemHeader *) -1 )
{
/*
* Attachment failed . The cases we ' re interested in are the same as
* for the shmctl ( ) call above . In particular , note that the owning
* postmaster could have terminated and removed the segment between
* shmctl ( ) and shmat ( ) .
*
* If attachAt isn ' t NULL , it ' s possible that EINVAL reflects a
* problem with that address not a vanished segment , so it ' s best to
* pass NULL when probing for conflicting segments .
*/
if (errno == EINVAL)
return SHMSTATE_ENOENT; /* segment disappeared */
if (errno == EACCES)
return SHMSTATE_FOREIGN; /* must be non-Postgres */
#ifdef HAVE_LINUX_EIDRM_BUG
if (errno == EIDRM)
return SHMSTATE_ENOENT; /* segment disappeared */
#endif
/* Otherwise, be conservative. */
return SHMSTATE_ANALYSIS_FAILURE;
}
*addr = hdr;
if (hdr->magic != PGShmemMagic ||
hdr->device != statbuf.st_dev ||
hdr->inode != statbuf.st_ino)
{
/*
* It ' s either not a Postgres segment , or not one for my data
* directory .
*/
return SHMSTATE_FOREIGN;
}
/*
* It does match our data directory , so now test whether any processes are
* still attached to it . ( We are , now , but the shm_nattch result is from
* before we attached to it . )
*/
return shmStat.shm_nattch == 0 ? SHMSTATE_UNATTACHED : SHMSTATE_ATTACHED;
}
/*
* Identify the huge page size to use , and compute the related mmap flags .
*
* Some Linux kernel versions have a bug causing mmap ( ) to fail on requests
* that are not a multiple of the hugepage size . Versions without that bug
* instead silently round the request up to the next hugepage multiple - - -
* and then munmap ( ) fails when we give it a size different from that .
* So we have to round our request up to a multiple of the actual hugepage
* size to avoid trouble .
*
* Doing the round - up ourselves also lets us make use of the extra memory ,
* rather than just wasting it . Currently , we just increase the available
* space recorded in the shmem header , which will make the extra usable for
* purposes such as additional locktable entries . Someday , for very large
* hugepage sizes , we might want to think about more invasive strategies ,
* such as increasing shared_buffers to absorb the extra space .
*
* Returns the ( real , assumed or config provided ) page size into
* * hugepagesize , and the hugepage - related mmap flags to use into
* * mmap_flags if requested by the caller . If huge pages are not supported ,
* * hugepagesize and * mmap_flags are set to 0 .
*/
void
GetHugePageSize(Size *hugepagesize, int *mmap_flags)
{
#ifdef MAP_HUGETLB
Size default_hugepagesize = 0 ;
Size hugepagesize_local = 0 ;
int mmap_flags_local = 0 ;
/*
* System - dependent code to find out the default huge page size .
*
* On Linux , read / proc / meminfo looking for a line like " Hugepagesize :
* nnnn kB " . Ignore any failures , falling back to the preset default .
*/
#ifdef __linux__
{
FILE *fp = AllocateFile("/proc/meminfo" , "r" );
char buf[128 ];
unsigned int sz;
char ch;
if (fp)
{
while (fgets(buf, sizeof (buf), fp))
{
if (sscanf(buf, "Hugepagesize: %u %c" , &sz, &ch) == 2 )
{
if (ch == 'k' )
{
default_hugepagesize = sz * (Size) 1024 ;
break ;
}
/* We could accept other units besides kB, if needed */
}
}
FreeFile(fp);
}
}
#endif /* __linux__ */
if (huge_page_size != 0 )
{
/* If huge page size is requested explicitly, use that. */
hugepagesize_local = (Size) huge_page_size * 1024 ;
}
else if (default_hugepagesize != 0 )
{
/* Otherwise use the system default, if we have it. */
hugepagesize_local = default_hugepagesize;
}
else
{
/*
* If we fail to find out the system ' s default huge page size , or no
* huge page size is requested explicitly , assume it is 2 MB . This will
* work fine when the actual size is less . If it ' s more , we might get
* mmap ( ) or munmap ( ) failures due to unaligned requests ; but at this
* writing , there are no reports of any non - Linux systems being picky
* about that .
*/
hugepagesize_local = 2 * 1024 * 1024 ;
}
mmap_flags_local = MAP_HUGETLB;
/*
* On recent enough Linux , also include the explicit page size , if
* necessary .
*/
#if defined (MAP_HUGE_MASK) && defined (MAP_HUGE_SHIFT)
if (hugepagesize_local != default_hugepagesize)
{
int shift = pg_ceil_log2_64(hugepagesize_local);
mmap_flags_local |= (shift & MAP_HUGE_MASK) << MAP_HUGE_SHIFT;
}
#endif
/* assign the results found */
if (mmap_flags)
*mmap_flags = mmap_flags_local;
if (hugepagesize)
*hugepagesize = hugepagesize_local;
#else
if (hugepagesize)
*hugepagesize = 0 ;
if (mmap_flags)
*mmap_flags = 0 ;
#endif /* MAP_HUGETLB */
}
/*
* GUC check_hook for huge_page_size
*/
bool
check_huge_page_size(int *newval, void **extra, GucSource source)
{
#if !(defined (MAP_HUGE_MASK) && defined (MAP_HUGE_SHIFT))
/* Recent enough Linux only, for now. See GetHugePageSize(). */
if (*newval != 0 )
{
GUC_check_errdetail("\" huge_page_size\" must be 0 on this platform." );
return false ;
}
#endif
return true ;
}
/*
* Creates an anonymous mmap ( ) ed shared memory segment .
*
* Pass the requested size in * size . This function will modify * size to the
* actual size of the allocation , if it ends up allocating a segment that is
* larger than requested .
*/
static void *
CreateAnonymousSegment(Size *size)
{
Size allocsize = *size;
void *ptr = MAP_FAILED;
int mmap_errno = 0 ;
#ifndef MAP_HUGETLB
/* PGSharedMemoryCreate should have dealt with this case */
Assert(huge_pages != HUGE_PAGES_ON);
#else
if (huge_pages == HUGE_PAGES_ON || huge_pages == HUGE_PAGES_TRY)
{
/*
* Round up the request size to a suitable large value .
*/
Size hugepagesize;
int mmap_flags;
GetHugePageSize(&hugepagesize, &mmap_flags);
if (allocsize % hugepagesize != 0 )
allocsize += hugepagesize - (allocsize % hugepagesize);
ptr = mmap(NULL, allocsize, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
PG_MMAP_FLAGS | mmap_flags, -1 , 0 );
mmap_errno = errno;
if (huge_pages == HUGE_PAGES_TRY && ptr == MAP_FAILED)
elog(DEBUG1, "mmap(%zu) with MAP_HUGETLB failed, huge pages disabled: %m" ,
allocsize);
}
#endif
/*
* Report whether huge pages are in use . This needs to be tracked before
* the second mmap ( ) call if attempting to use huge pages failed
* previously .
*/
SetConfigOption("huge_pages_status" , (ptr == MAP_FAILED) ? "off" : "on" ,
PGC_INTERNAL, PGC_S_DYNAMIC_DEFAULT);
if (ptr == MAP_FAILED && huge_pages != HUGE_PAGES_ON)
{
/*
* Use the original size , not the rounded - up value , when falling back
* to non - huge pages .
*/
allocsize = *size;
ptr = mmap(NULL, allocsize, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
PG_MMAP_FLAGS, -1 , 0 );
mmap_errno = errno;
}
if (ptr == MAP_FAILED)
{
errno = mmap_errno;
ereport(FATAL,
(errmsg("could not map anonymous shared memory: %m" ),
(mmap_errno == ENOMEM) ?
errhint("This error usually means that PostgreSQL's request "
"for a shared memory segment exceeded available memory, "
"swap space, or huge pages. To reduce the request size "
"(currently %zu bytes), reduce PostgreSQL's shared "
"memory usage, perhaps by reducing \" shared_buffers\" or "
"\" max_connections\"." ,
allocsize) : 0 ));
}
*size = allocsize;
return ptr;
}
/*
* AnonymousShmemDetach - - - detach from an anonymous mmap ' d block
* ( called as an on_shmem_exit callback , hence funny argument list )
*/
static void
AnonymousShmemDetach(int status, Datum arg)
{
/* Release anonymous shared memory block, if any. */
if (AnonymousShmem != NULL)
{
if (munmap(AnonymousShmem, AnonymousShmemSize) < 0 )
elog(LOG, "munmap(%p, %zu) failed: %m" ,
AnonymousShmem, AnonymousShmemSize);
AnonymousShmem = NULL;
}
}
/*
* PGSharedMemoryCreate
*
* Create a shared memory segment of the given size and initialize its
* standard header . Also , register an on_shmem_exit callback to release
* the storage .
*
* Dead Postgres segments pertinent to this DataDir are recycled if found , but
* we do not fail upon collision with foreign shmem segments . The idea here
* is to detect and re - use keys that may have been assigned by a crashed
* postmaster or backend .
*/
PGShmemHeader *
PGSharedMemoryCreate(Size size,
PGShmemHeader **shim)
{
IpcMemoryKey NextShmemSegID;
void *memAddress;
PGShmemHeader *hdr;
struct stat statbuf;
Size sysvsize;
/*
* We use the data directory ' s ID info ( inode and device numbers ) to
* positively identify shmem segments associated with this data dir , and
* also as seeds for searching for a free shmem key .
*/
if (stat(DataDir, &statbuf) < 0 )
ereport(FATAL,
(errcode_for_file_access(),
errmsg("could not stat data directory \" %s\": %m" ,
DataDir)));
/* Complain if hugepages demanded but we can't possibly support them */
#if !defined (MAP_HUGETLB)
if (huge_pages == HUGE_PAGES_ON)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
errmsg("huge pages not supported on this platform" )));
#endif
/* For now, we don't support huge pages in SysV memory */
if (huge_pages == HUGE_PAGES_ON && shared_memory_type != SHMEM_TYPE_MMAP)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
errmsg("huge pages not supported with the current \" shared_memory_type\" setting" )));
/* Room for a header? */
Assert(size > MAXALIGN(sizeof (PGShmemHeader)));
if (shared_memory_type == SHMEM_TYPE_MMAP)
{
AnonymousShmem = CreateAnonymousSegment(&size);
AnonymousShmemSize = size;
/* Register on-exit routine to unmap the anonymous segment */
on_shmem_exit(AnonymousShmemDetach, (Datum) 0 );
/* Now we need only allocate a minimal-sized SysV shmem block. */
sysvsize = sizeof (PGShmemHeader);
}
else
{
sysvsize = size;
/* huge pages are only available with mmap */
SetConfigOption("huge_pages_status" , "off" ,
PGC_INTERNAL, PGC_S_DYNAMIC_DEFAULT);
}
/*
* Loop till we find a free IPC key . Trust CreateDataDirLockFile ( ) to
* ensure no more than one postmaster per data directory can enter this
* loop simultaneously . ( CreateDataDirLockFile ( ) does not entirely ensure
* that , but prefer fixing it over coping here . )
*/
NextShmemSegID = statbuf.st_ino;
for (;;)
{
IpcMemoryId shmid;
PGShmemHeader *oldhdr;
IpcMemoryState state;
/* Try to create new segment */
memAddress = InternalIpcMemoryCreate(NextShmemSegID, sysvsize);
if (memAddress)
break ; /* successful create and attach */
/* Check shared memory and possibly remove and recreate */
/*
* shmget ( ) failure is typically EACCES , hence SHMSTATE_FOREIGN .
* ENOENT , a narrow possibility , implies SHMSTATE_ENOENT , but one can
* safely treat SHMSTATE_ENOENT like SHMSTATE_FOREIGN .
*/
shmid = shmget(NextShmemSegID, sizeof (PGShmemHeader), 0 );
if (shmid < 0 )
{
oldhdr = NULL;
state = SHMSTATE_FOREIGN;
}
else
state = PGSharedMemoryAttach(shmid, NULL, &oldhdr);
switch (state)
{
case SHMSTATE_ANALYSIS_FAILURE:
case SHMSTATE_ATTACHED:
ereport(FATAL,
(errcode(ERRCODE_LOCK_FILE_EXISTS),
errmsg("pre-existing shared memory block (key %lu, ID %lu) is still in use" ,
(unsigned long ) NextShmemSegID,
(unsigned long ) shmid),
errhint("Terminate any old server processes associated with data directory \" %s\"." ,
DataDir)));
break ;
case SHMSTATE_ENOENT:
/*
* To our surprise , some other process deleted since our last
* InternalIpcMemoryCreate ( ) . Moments earlier , we would have
* seen SHMSTATE_FOREIGN . Try that same ID again .
*/
elog(LOG,
"shared memory block (key %lu, ID %lu) deleted during startup" ,
(unsigned long ) NextShmemSegID,
(unsigned long ) shmid);
break ;
case SHMSTATE_FOREIGN:
NextShmemSegID++;
break ;
case SHMSTATE_UNATTACHED:
/*
* The segment pertains to DataDir , and every process that had
* used it has died or detached . Zap it , if possible , and any
* associated dynamic shared memory segments , as well . This
* shouldn ' t fail , but if it does , assume the segment belongs
* to someone else after all , and try the next candidate .
* Otherwise , try again to create the segment . That may fail
* if some other process creates the same shmem key before we
* do , in which case we ' ll try the next key .
*/
if (oldhdr->dsm_control != 0 )
dsm_cleanup_using_control_segment(oldhdr->dsm_control);
if (shmctl(shmid, IPC_RMID, NULL) < 0 )
NextShmemSegID++;
break ;
}
if (oldhdr && shmdt(oldhdr) < 0 )
elog(LOG, "shmdt(%p) failed: %m" , oldhdr);
}
/* Initialize new segment. */
hdr = (PGShmemHeader *) memAddress;
hdr->creatorPID = getpid();
hdr->magic = PGShmemMagic;
hdr->dsm_control = 0 ;
/* Fill in the data directory ID info, too */
hdr->device = statbuf.st_dev;
hdr->inode = statbuf.st_ino;
/*
* Initialize space allocation status for segment .
*/
hdr->totalsize = size;
hdr->freeoffset = MAXALIGN(sizeof (PGShmemHeader));
*shim = hdr;
/* Save info for possible future use */
UsedShmemSegAddr = memAddress;
UsedShmemSegID = (unsigned long ) NextShmemSegID;
/*
* If AnonymousShmem is NULL here , then we ' re not using anonymous shared
* memory , and should return a pointer to the System V shared memory
* block . Otherwise , the System V shared memory block is only a shim , and
* we must return a pointer to the real block .
*/
if (AnonymousShmem == NULL)
return hdr;
memcpy(AnonymousShmem, hdr, sizeof (PGShmemHeader));
return (PGShmemHeader *) AnonymousShmem;
}
#ifdef EXEC_BACKEND
/*
* PGSharedMemoryReAttach
*
* This is called during startup of a postmaster child process to re - attach to
* an already existing shared memory segment . This is needed only in the
* EXEC_BACKEND case ; otherwise postmaster children inherit the shared memory
* segment attachment via fork ( ) .
*
* UsedShmemSegID and UsedShmemSegAddr are implicit parameters to this
* routine . The caller must have already restored them to the postmaster ' s
* values .
*/
void
PGSharedMemoryReAttach(void )
{
IpcMemoryId shmid;
PGShmemHeader *hdr;
IpcMemoryState state;
void *origUsedShmemSegAddr = UsedShmemSegAddr;
Assert(UsedShmemSegAddr != NULL);
Assert(IsUnderPostmaster);
#ifdef __CYGWIN__
/* cygipc (currently) appears to not detach on exec. */
PGSharedMemoryDetach();
UsedShmemSegAddr = origUsedShmemSegAddr;
#endif
elog(DEBUG3, "attaching to %p" , UsedShmemSegAddr);
shmid = shmget(UsedShmemSegID, sizeof (PGShmemHeader), 0 );
if (shmid < 0 )
state = SHMSTATE_FOREIGN;
else
state = PGSharedMemoryAttach(shmid, UsedShmemSegAddr, &hdr);
if (state != SHMSTATE_ATTACHED)
elog(FATAL, "could not reattach to shared memory (key=%d, addr=%p): %m" ,
(int ) UsedShmemSegID, UsedShmemSegAddr);
if (hdr != origUsedShmemSegAddr)
elog(FATAL, "reattaching to shared memory returned unexpected address (got %p, expected %p)" ,
hdr, origUsedShmemSegAddr);
dsm_set_control_handle(hdr->dsm_control);
UsedShmemSegAddr = hdr; /* probably redundant */
}
/*
* PGSharedMemoryNoReAttach
*
* This is called during startup of a postmaster child process when we choose
* * not * to re - attach to the existing shared memory segment . We must clean up
* to leave things in the appropriate state . This is not used in the non
* EXEC_BACKEND case , either .
*
* The child process startup logic might or might not call PGSharedMemoryDetach
* after this ; make sure that it will be a no - op if called .
*
* UsedShmemSegID and UsedShmemSegAddr are implicit parameters to this
* routine . The caller must have already restored them to the postmaster ' s
* values .
*/
void
PGSharedMemoryNoReAttach(void )
{
Assert(UsedShmemSegAddr != NULL);
Assert(IsUnderPostmaster);
#ifdef __CYGWIN__
/* cygipc (currently) appears to not detach on exec. */
PGSharedMemoryDetach();
#endif
/* For cleanliness, reset UsedShmemSegAddr to show we're not attached. */
UsedShmemSegAddr = NULL;
/* And the same for UsedShmemSegID. */
UsedShmemSegID = 0 ;
}
#endif /* EXEC_BACKEND */
/*
* PGSharedMemoryDetach
*
* Detach from the shared memory segment , if still attached . This is not
* intended to be called explicitly by the process that originally created the
* segment ( it will have on_shmem_exit callback ( s ) registered to do that ) .
* Rather , this is for subprocesses that have inherited an attachment and want
* to get rid of it .
*
* UsedShmemSegID and UsedShmemSegAddr are implicit parameters to this
* routine , also AnonymousShmem and AnonymousShmemSize .
*/
void
PGSharedMemoryDetach(void )
{
if (UsedShmemSegAddr != NULL)
{
if ((shmdt(UsedShmemSegAddr) < 0 )
#if defined (EXEC_BACKEND) && defined (__CYGWIN__)
/* Work-around for cygipc exec bug */
&& shmdt(NULL) < 0
#endif
)
elog(LOG, "shmdt(%p) failed: %m" , UsedShmemSegAddr);
UsedShmemSegAddr = NULL;
}
if (AnonymousShmem != NULL)
{
if (munmap(AnonymousShmem, AnonymousShmemSize) < 0 )
elog(LOG, "munmap(%p, %zu) failed: %m" ,
AnonymousShmem, AnonymousShmemSize);
AnonymousShmem = NULL;
}
}
Messung V0.5 in Prozent C=91 H=99 G=94
¤ Dauer der Verarbeitung: 0.24 Sekunden
(vorverarbeitet am 2026-08-08)
¤
*© Formatika GbR, Deutschland